变量----保存内容的地方
变量名---以字母为开头，其他的字符必须是字母、数字、下划线，区分大小写，中文也可以，但不推荐。
举例
my_name = "Bryson"
my_age = 43
your_name = input("What is your name? ")
your_age = input("How old are you? ")
print("My name is", my_name, ", and I am", my_age, "years old.")
print("Your name is", your_name, ", and you are", your_age, ".")
print("Thank you for buying my book,", your_name, "!")
Python中的数字和数学运算
数字类型主要是整数和浮点数（带有小数点的数字）
简单的数据类型：布尔值（Boolean），存储了True或False
操作符：+ 、-、*、 /、 **求幂、 ()分组
表达式：数学题
练习：在命令行中输入数学题，计算结果
语法错误：Syntax Error,语法就是语句要遵守的规则
赋值语句：变量=表达式
真除法：Python的/是真除法，例如5/2=2.5
举例：养成写注释的习惯，程序的步骤够成了算法
# AtlantaPizza.py – a simple pizza cost calculator
# Ask the person how many pizzas they want, get the number with eval()
#eval()字符串变成数字
number_of_pizzas = eval( input("How many pizzas do you want: ") )
# Ask for the menu cost of each pizza
cost_per_pizza = eval( input("How much does each pizza cost: ") )
# Calculate the total cost of the pizzas as our subtotal
subtotal = number_of_pizzas * cost_per_pizza
# Calculate the sales tax owed, at 8% of the subtotal
tax_rate = 0.08 # we store 8% as the decimal value 0.08
sales_tax = subtotal * tax_rate
# Add the sales tax to the subtotal for the final total
total = subtotal + sales_tax
# Show the user the total amount due, including tax
print("The total cost is $", total)
print("This includes $", subtotal, "for the pizza and")
print("$", sales_tax, "in sales tax.")
字符串---Python中真正的字符
# SayMyName.py - prints a screen full of the user's name
# Ask the user for their name
name = input("What is your name? ")
# Print their name 100 times
for x in range(100):
# Print their name followed by a space, not a new line
print(name, end = " ")
sep, end, file and flush, if present, must be given as keyword arguments.
关键字参数：end
字符串用双引号或者单引号引起来
用字符串改进彩色螺旋线
# SpiralMyName.py - prints a colorful spiral of the user's name
import turtle # Set up turtle graphics
t = turtle.Pen()
turtle.bgcolor("black")
colors = ["red", "yellow", "blue", "green"]
# Ask the user's name using turtle's textinput pop-up window
your_name = turtle.textinput("Enter your name", "What is your name?")
# Draw a spiral of the name on the screen, written 100 times
for x in range(100):
t.pencolor(colors[x%4]) # Rotate through the four colors
t.penup() # Don't draw the regular spiral lines
t.forward(x*4) # Just move the turtle on the screen
t.pendown() # Write the user's name, bigger each time
t.write(your_name, font = ("Arial", int( (x + 4) / 4), "bold") )
t.left(92) # Turn left, just as in our other spirals文本对话框：turtle.textinput("Enter your name", "What is your name?")
列表---将所有内容放到一起
列表是一组值，用逗号隔开，放在方括号之间。
# ColorSpiralInput.py
import turtle # Set up turtle graphics
t = turtle.Pen()
turtle.bgcolor("black")
# Set up a list of any 8 valid Python color names
colors = ["red", "yellow", "blue", "green", "orange", "purple", "white", "gray"]
# Ask the user for the number of sides, between 1 and 8, with a default of 4
sides = int(turtle.numinput("Number of sides",
"How many sides do you want (1-8)?", 4, 1, 8))
# Draw a colorful spiral with the user-specified number of sides
for x in range(360):
t.pencolor(colors[x % sides]) # Only use the right number of colors
t.forward(x * 3 / sides + x) # Change the size to match number of sides
t.left(360 / sides + 1) # Turn 360 degrees / number of sides, plus 1
t.width(x * sides / 200) # Make the pen larger as it goes outward
数字对话框：int(turtle.numinput("Number of sides", "How many sides do you want (1-8)?", 4, 1, 8))
Python做作业
print("MathHomework.py")
# Ask the user to enter a math problem
problem = input("Enter a math problem, or 'q' to quit: ")
# Keep going until the user enters 'q' to quit
while (problem != "q"):
# Show the problem, and the answer using eval()
print("The answer to ", problem, "is:", eval(problem) )
# Ask for another math problem
problem = input("Enter another math problem, or 'q' to quit: ")
# This while loop will keep going until you enter 'q' to quit
整数除法：//
eval():计算这样的表达式如：“5//2”
