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Question 1
1. Why do feasibility studies be conducted in the early stages of software development? From what aspects should the feasibility of the target system be studied?
Answer: (1) When developing a software, it is necessary to judge whether the original system model and goals are realistic and whether the benefits after the completion of the system are large enough to be worth the investment in the development of the system. If this is not possible, then the cost Any time, manpower, software and hardware resources and funds spent on these projects are unnecessary waste. The essence of the feasibility study is to carry out a greatly compressed and simplified system analysis and design process, which is a process of system analysis and design carried out in a more abstract way at a higher level. The purpose of the feasibility study is to determine whether the problem can be solved in the shortest possible time with the least cost.
(2) Generally speaking, the feasibility of each solution should be studied at least from the following three aspects:
a. Technical feasibility. Analyze the functions, performance and limitations of the project to be developed, determine how big the technical risk is under the existing resource conditions, and whether the project can be realized, these are the contents of the technical feasibility study. The resources here include existing or available hardware and software resources, the technical level of existing technicians and the existing work foundation.
b. Economic feasibility. Estimating the development cost and evaluating the benefits obtained to determine whether the project to be developed is worth investing in and developing. These are the contents of the economic feasibility study. For most systems, generally whether it is economically cost-effective, a "bottom line" should be considered. The economic feasibility study covers a wide range, including cost-benefit analysis, long-term company management strategies, development costs and resources, and potential market prospects.
c. Operational feasibility. Sometimes it is necessary to study the issue of social feasibility, and to study whether the project to be developed has any infringements, obstructions and other liability issues. The scope of social feasibility is also relatively wide, including contracts, liabilities, torts, and other traps that technical personnel often don't understand.
When necessary, the feasibility of each solution should be studied from the broader aspects of law and social benefits.
Question 2
2. For the convenience of depositors, a bank plans to develop a computer deposit system. The deposit slip or withdrawal slip filled out by the depositor is entered into the system by the clerk. If it is a deposit, the system records the depositor’s name, address, deposit type, deposit date, interest rate and other information, and prints the deposit slip to the depositor; if it is a withdrawal, the system calculates Interest and print out the list of interest to depositors. Please write down the problem definition and analyze the feasibility of this system.
Answer: If it is a deposit, the depositor fills in the deposit form, and then gives it to the clerk to enter the system. At the same time, the system also records the depositor’s name, address (or phone number), ID number, deposit type, deposit date, interest rate and other information, complete The system then prints out the deposit slip to the depositor.
If it is a withdrawal, the depositor fills in the withdrawal form, and then gives it to the clerk. The clerk enters the withdrawal amount into the system and asks the depositor to enter a password to confirm the identity. After the password is checked, the system calculates the interest and prints out the interest list to the depositor.
In order to meet the needs of depositors, the system needs to respond quickly to user requirements and process the information entered by users as quickly as possible. Therefore, a large main memory capacity and powerful database support are required. Since the target users are a broad group of savings users, a strong security performance support of the system is needed. Feasibility Study Method
Conditions, Assumptions and Limitations
The shortest lifespan of recommended development software operation: 5 years
Time limit for system scheme selection and comparison: 2 months
Funding sources and usage restrictions: custom banking
hardware, software, operating environment and development environment conditions and Restrictions: The
bank center has a mainframe and a supporting database, and each bank branch has a
well-equipped PC with Windows 2000 and above operating systems installed.
It is recommended that the latest time for the development of the software to be put into use: 1 month after the completion of the development.
Feasibility study method
Through in-depth discussions with skilled bank clerks, a detailed user questionnaire was formulated to truly understand the actual needs of users and bank clerks, and based on the information provided by the clerk and problem definitions, the users’ opinions in the questionnaire were integrated to make improvements. Finalize the problem that the project needs to solve, and determine whether the problem can be solved.
The main factors that determine feasibility
1) project development cost
2) required equipment acquisition cost
3) whether the technology can meet the demand
4) the proficiency of the operators
5) the effectiveness
of resources Analysis of the existing system
1 Processing flow and data flow
Deposit flow chart:
Withdrawal flow chart:
Data flow chart:
2 Workload At
present, the bank savings system used by most banks has cumbersome procedures when handling business, and there are too many manual business operations. It takes a long time, and other customers have to wait. This is too time-consuming and requires a large number of salespersons to handle customer business. Especially during the peak period of the flow of people on holidays, work efficiency is very low, and the error rate is high, so that customers feel impatient to wait for too long to go through the procedures, which reduces the efficiency of the bank. This has also added a very large burden and additional workload to the bank staff; at the same time, the increase in sales staff and the high expenditure of bank expenses have brought severe constraints and pressures to the development of the bank company.
3 Expenses Expenses required to
run the existing system include: the salaries of bank clerk and other staff, and the funds required for system maintenance.
4 Staff
A large number of salesmen, customer service staff, system maintenance staff and other staff are required.
5 Equipment The equipment
required by the existing system includes: printer, PC, and computer.
6 Limitations The
work efficiency cannot meet the timely needs of a large number of people, which brings inconvenience to the lives of the people. This is a serious problem that appears in the business process of the existing system. In order to solve this problem and make it more convenient and quicker for people to do banking business, we urgently need to develop a more efficient bank computer savings system so that savings business does not need to queue up.
(1) The current bank savings system used by banks only relies on manual operations when handling business, and manual business occupies all. Therefore, bank clerk is required to be careful and patient when handling business, sensitive to numbers, and high in arithmetic. It seriously affects work efficiency, and the error rate is high. Depositors need to wait too long to handle transactions and require a large number of bankers to meet the growing demand for deposits and withdrawals.
(2) Using paper records to save user deposit records is cumbersome, time-consuming, inconvenient, and easy to lose. Moreover, manual recording cannot be guaranteed to be foolproof, and data entry errors are prone to occur. As the number of users increases, this defect will become more prominent.
(3) The confidentiality of deposit records is poor. Any salesperson can change and consult user data at will, and user information is easy to leak, which brings security risks.
(4) The service time of salespersons is limited, they cannot handle business 24 hours a day, and there is no emergency response, which cannot better solve the needs of the masses.
(5) All customer business is handled manually by salespersons, which wastes human resources. Some simple operations can be completed by machines after improvement, without manual involvement at all, which saves labor costs and improves efficiency.
(6) The improvement and maintenance of the existing system can only be achieved by increasing the number of salespersons, increasing the number of bank branches, and improving the professional quality of salespersons. Increasing the number of salespersons will lead to a significant increase in bank personnel expenditures, and at the same time, it is necessary to select multiple locations to build branches or expand the scale of branches, which is costly. The professional quality of salespersons needs to be cultivated, and the results cannot be seen in a short period of time, and it takes a certain amount of time to train new personnel, which is a waste of funds and human resources. Improved maintenance of the current system can no longer solve the problem of more and more depositors and longer and longer depositors.
Question 3
3. For the convenience of passengers, an airline plans to develop a ticket reservation system. The travel agency enters the passenger information (name, gender, work unit, ID number, travel time, travel destination, etc.) of the booked ticket into the system. The system arranges the flight for the passenger, prints out the ticket collection notice and bill, and the passenger takes off on the plane The day before, the ticket will be collected with the ticket collection notice and bill payment, and the system will print the ticket to the passenger as soon as it is verified.
Write down the problem definition and analyze the feasibility of the system.
Answer:
1> Goal: to establish a highly efficient and error-free airline ticket reservation system within one month.
2> Main problems: labor is not easy to manage, and the procedures are cumbersome.
3> To establish a new system
①Economic feasibility, cost-benefit analysis,
cost estimation ：One printer (2000 yuan) + development fee (3500 yuan) = 5500 yuan.
Estimated affordable benefit: The system has good social benefits, improves airline ticketing efficiency, makes it convenient for passengers, and makes ticketing more convenient and scientific
② Technical feasibility
After investigation and analysis, the flow chart of the current airline ticket reservation system is as follows:
Question 4
4. At present, inpatients are mainly nursed by nurses. This not only requires a large number of nurses, but also may delay the rescue opportunity due to the inability to observe changes in the condition of critically ill patients at any time. A hospital intends to develop a computer-centric patient monitoring system, try to write a problem definition, and analyze the feasibility of developing this system.
The basic requirement of the hospital for the patient monitoring system is to receive the physiological signals of each patient (pulse, body temperature, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, etc.) at any time, and to record the patient’s condition regularly to form a patient log. When the physiological signal of a patient exceeds the safety range specified by the doctor A warning message is sent to the nurse on duty at any time. In addition, the nurse can also ask the system to print out a medical report of a specified patient when needed.
Feasibility analysis-original system analysis:
feasibility analysis-logic diagram:
Technical feasibility: Although the collection of physiological data requires a large number of professional precision instruments and software engineers are not proficient, it can be completed with the help of professionals.
Economic feasibility: The expenditure is borne by the hospital, and whether it is feasible depends on whether the hospital can pay the required expenses.
Operational feasibility: Doctors do not have the ability to maintain software. Professionals are required to maintain the database. Because the number of patients is not too large, only one person or a few people need to manage and maintain the database on a regular basis. Up.
Question 5
5. The phone numbers available for a university in Beijing are divided into the following categories: the campus phone number consists of 4 digits, and the first digit is not 0. Off-campus calls are divided into local calls and foreign calls. To dial an off-campus call, you need to dial 0 first, if it is a local call, then dial an 8-digit number (the first digit is not 0), if it is a non-local call, dial the 3-digit area code and then dial an 8-digit phone number (the first digit is not 0).
Use the method of defining data described in section 2.5.2 to define the above telephone number.
Answer:
Telephone number = [intra-campus telephone number｜off-campus telephone number]
intra-campus telephone number = non-zero digits + 3 digits
off-campus telephone number = [local city number｜ foreign number] local
city number = number zero + 8 digits non-
local number = number zero + 3 digits + 8 digits
non-zero number = [1｜2｜3｜4｜5｜6｜7｜8｜9]
number zero = 0
3 digits = 3 {number} 3
8 digits = non-zero number + 7 digits
7 digits = 7 {digital} 7
digital = [0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9]
wherein, [] means or from school telephone number or outside telephone number Choose one; {} means repetition, and the numbers on both sides indicate the lower limit and upper limit of the number of repetitions; = means defined as; + means sum, connecting two components.