Operating system first coursework
1. If the computer is not equipped with an operating system, what process does the user need to go through when writing and running the program?
Manual operation is required, machine language needs to be written, and offline input and output are required.
2. What is an operating system? What are its basic characteristics? List the names of 4 operating systems.
An operating system is a computer program that manages computer hardware and software resources.
3. What functions should be implemented in the processor management, memory management, file management, and device management of the operating system, and why?
- Processor management: process control, process synchronization, process communication, and scheduling. In order to write multi-program technology, improve system resource utilization, increase system throughput.
- Memory management: memory allocation, memory protection, address mapping, memory expansion. Provide a good operating environment for multi-programs and improve the utilization of storage. It is convenient for users to use, and can expand the memory logically.
- File management: file storage space management, directory management, file read/write management and protection. It is convenient for users to use and ensure the safety of files.
- Equipment management: cache management, equipment allocation, equipment processing. Complete the I/O request proposed by the user process, improve the utilization rate of the CPU and I/O equipment, increase the I/O speed, and facilitate the user to use the I/O equipment.
4. What is the essential difference between multi-program system and single-channel batch processing? Why do multiprogramming systems say the emergence of operating systems in the modern sense.
The essential difference: a multi-program system has multiple programs running on the same processor in the same time period, while a single-channel batch processing system has only one program running in the same time period.
The multiprogramming system realizes the basic features required by the operating system in the modern sense: concurrency, sharing, virtualization, and asynchrony.
5. What are the three basic types of operating systems? What are the characteristics of each? Which fields does it apply to?
Batch processing system: After the user submits a batch of jobs to the operating system, they no longer intervene, and the operating system controls them to run automatically. It is suitable for areas that require less human-computer interaction.
Time-sharing system: At the same time, multiple users are allowed to use the computer in an interactive manner through the terminal of the host, and share the resources in the host. It is suitable for personal terminals, servers and other fields.
Real-time system: It can respond to the request of external events in time, complete the processing of the event within the specified time, and control the coordinated operation of all real-time tasks. Suitable for industry and weapons
Fields such as control, multimedia and embedded systems.
6. What is a general-purpose operating system, what are the main general-purpose operating systems, what are their characteristics, and what fields are they applicable to?
Universal operating system: an operating system with multiple types of operating characteristics that can simultaneously have multiple batch processing, time-sharing, and real-time processing functions, or two or more of them.
- UNIX: A multi-user and multi-task operating system, suitable for key fields such as scientific research, schools, and finance.
- windows: Single-user multi-tasking operating system, with a friendly user interface, suitable for personal use.
- Linux: Multi-user and multi-task operating system, suitable for personal, enterprise, embedded development and other fields.
7. What are the main advantages of using multi-program design?
High resource utilization, high system throughput,
8. Try to compare the time-sharing operating system and the real-time operating system.
- Multiplexing: The multiplexing in the information query system and the time-sharing system is manifested in that the system serves multiple end users according to the time-sharing principle; the multiplexing of the real-time control system means that the system periodically responds to multiple on-site information Collect and control multiple objects or multiple actuators.
- Independence: When interacting with the system, each terminal user in the information query system and the time-sharing system is independent of each other and does not interfere with each other; also in the real-time control system, the collection of information and the control of objects also do not interfere with each other of.
- Timeliness: The real-time requirements in the information query system and the time-sharing system are determined based on the acceptable waiting time, while the real-time requirements of the multimedia system are that the music and video played out can satisfy people. The real-time performance of the real-time control system is determined by the deadline required by the control object, generally in the order of seconds to milliseconds.
- Interactivity: In an information query system, interactivity is limited to accessing certain specific service programs in the system. The time-sharing system can provide end users with services such as data and resource sharing. The interactivity of the multimedia system is also limited to certain instructions sent by the user.
- Reliability: The time-sharing system requires the system to be reliable, and the real-time system requires the system to be highly reliable, because any error may bring unforeseen catastrophic consequences. In real-time systems, many fault-tolerant measures are often taken to ensure system security and data security.
9. What are the basic features of the operating system and what is the relationship between the features?
Concurrent, shared, virtual, and asynchronous.
Concurrency and sharing are conditions for each other. On the one hand, resource sharing is based on process concurrency as the execution condition. On the other hand, if the system cannot effectively manage resource sharing to coordinate the access of the processes to the share, it will also affect To concurrency between processes. Virtualization must be realized on the basis of concurrency and sharing. Asynchrony is the inevitable result of concurrency.
10. What user interface does the operating system provide? What are their uses?
Command line interface: Allow users to input commands from the keyboard after the prompt, and the command interpreter receives and interprets these commands.
Graphical user interface: simplify the operation of computer users.
System call: Provides the ability of the program to call the operating system.
11. Divide the following applications into interactive and batch-oriented categories.
1) Generate personal email registration form
- Generate monthly salary reports for employees
3) Flight simulator
4) Word processing
5) Bank statements generated monthly
6) Calculate the pi ratio accurate to the millionths
Interactivity: 1), 3), 4) For batch processing: 2), 5), 6)
12. In a time-sharing operating system, the user submits an assignment, and the content of the assignment includes:
(1) Request memory (2) Calculate and store the result in memory
(3) Request the printer (4) Output the content in the memeory on the printer
(5) Release the printer (6) Release the menory; (7) End
Try to discuss from the point of view of the operating system to resource management, the operating system provides services and controls the entire process of the job from the beginning to the end.
(1) Load the program into the memory
(2) Waiting for the scheduler to schedule
(3) Scheduler
(4) Complete the program calculation and store the result in the memory
(5) Call the printer module to print the contents of the memory
(6) End printer call
(7) Release memory space
(8) End the program