Table of contents
Questions and Answers
1. What is the main goal in designing a modern OS?
Answer: The main goals of designing a modern OS are: convenience, effectiveness, scalability, and openness
2. In what aspects can the role of OS be manifested?
Answer: (1) From the perspective of general users, OS can be regarded as the interface between the user and the computer hardware system; (2) From the perspective of resource management, OS can be regarded as the manager of computer system resources; (3) The OS can also be used as an expansion machine.
3. Why is it said that OS realizes the abstraction of computer resources?
Answer: OS is a multi-layer system software laid on computer hardware. They not only enhance the functions of the system, but also hide the details of the hardware operation. They realize multiple levels of abstraction of the computer hardware operation. It is worth noting that after abstracting a piece of hardware at the bottom level, the resource can be abstracted again at the high level to become a higher level abstract model. As the level of abstraction increases, the functions provided by the abstract interface become stronger and stronger, making it more convenient for users to use.
4. Try to explain what is the main driving force for the formation and development of multi-channel batch processing systems?
Answer: The main driving force for the formation and development of multi-channel batch processing systems is to improve resource utilization and system throughput.
5. What are offline I/O and online I/O?
Answer: In order to solve the contradiction between man and machine and the speed mismatch between CPU and I/O devices, offline input and output technology appeared in the 1950s. This technology is to load a paper tape (card) containing user programs and data into a paper tape input machine (card machine) in advance, and under the control of a peripheral machine, input the data (program) on the paper tape (card) onto tape. When the CPU needs these programs and data, it is transferred from the tape into the memory at high speed. When the CPU needs to output, the CPU can directly send the data from the memory to the tape at high speed, and then output the results on the tape through the corresponding output device under the control of another peripheral machine. Since the input and output of programs and data are completed under the control of the peripheral machine, or in other words, they are performed without the host machine, it is called the offline input/output mode; conversely, under the direct control of the host machine The method of input/output is called the online input/output method.
6. What are the main driving forces that promote the formation and development of time-sharing systems? P9
Answer: The main driving force for the formation and development of time-sharing systems is the needs of users. Specifically, users need to perform in the following aspects: human-computer interaction; shared hosting; convenience for users to get on the computer.
7. What are the key issues in implementing a time-sharing system? How to solve it?
Answer: Key issues: timely receipt and timely processing. For timely reception, you only need to set up a multi-channel card in the system. The function of the multi-channel card is to enable the host to receive data input by users from various terminals at the same time, and configure a buffer for each terminal to temporarily store users. Typed commands; for timely processing, change the running mode of the original batch processing system so that all user jobs can be directly entered into the memory, and each job can be run once in a short period of time.
8. Why introduce real-time OS?
A real-time system refers to a system that can respond to external event requests in a timely manner, complete the processing of external events within a specified time, and control all real-time tasks to run in a coordinated manner. The real-time system is introduced to better meet the needs of the real-time control field and the real-time information processing field.
9. What are hard real-time tasks and soft real-time tasks? Give an example.
Hard real-time tasks: The system must meet the deadline requirements of the task, otherwise unpredictable consequences may occur. For example: real-time systems for industrial and weapons control
Soft real-time task: It is associated with a deadline, but it is not strict. If the deadline of the task is occasionally missed, the impact on the system will not be too great. For example: information query system and multimedia system
10. Which operating system occupies the dominant position among 8-bit microcomputers and 16-bit microcomputers?
Single-user, single-task operating systems, the most representative of which are CP/M and MS-DOS.
11. Try to list the five major versions of Windows OS and explain how they have improved over the previous version.
Microsoft Windows 1.0 was Microsoft's first attempt to develop a graphical interface on a personal computer.
Windows 95 is a mixed 16-bit B2 system, the first to support 32-bit. Bringing stronger and more stable
A more precise and practical desktop graphical user interface, ending the competition among desktop operating systems.
Windows 98 is Microsoft's hybrid 16-bit and 32-bit Windows operating system that improves hardware standards
Support, revolutionized memory management, is a multi-process operating system.
Windows XP is a product based on Windows 2000 and has a new user graphical interface Luna. Simplified user security features and integrated firewall.
Windows Vista includes hundreds of new features; especially the new graphical user interface and Windows Aero new interface style, enhanced search capabilities (Windows Indexing Service), new media creation tools, and redesigned network, audio, output (printing) and display system. .
12. Try to compare time-sharing systems with real-time systems in terms of interactivity, timeliness and reliability.
Multipath Real-time information processing systems are as multipath as time-sharing systems. The system serves multiple end users based on the time-sharing principle; as for the real-time control system, its multi-channel nature is mainly reflected in the frequent collection of multi-channel on-site information and the control of multiple objects or multiple actuators.
Independence Real-time information processing systems are as independent as time-sharing systems. When each end user makes a service request to the real-time system, they operate independently of each other without interfering with each other. In the real-time control system, the collection of information and the control of objects also do not interfere with each other.
Timeliness The real-time requirements of real-time information systems are similar to those of time-sharing systems, which are determined by the acceptable waiting time; while the timeliness of real-time control systems is based on the start and end time or completion time required by the control object. It is determined by the deadline, which is generally at the second level, hundreds of milliseconds, or even less than 100 microseconds.
Although the interactive real-time information processing system is also interactive, the interaction between humans and the system is limited to accessing some specific dedicated service programs in the system. It does not provide data processing services, resource sharing and other services to end users like a time-sharing system.
Reliability Although time-sharing systems also require the system to be reliable, in contrast, real-time systems require the system to be highly reliable . Because any mistake may bring huge economic losses or even unpredictable catastrophic consequences. Therefore, in real-time systems, multi-level fault tolerance measures are often adopted to ensure the security of the system and data.
13. What are the major features of OS? What are its most basic characteristics?
Answer: The three OSs have their own characteristics. For example, the batch processing system has the characteristic of batch processing multiple jobs to obtain high system throughput, and the time-sharing system has the characteristic of allowing human-computer interaction between users and computers. Real-time systems have real-time characteristics, but they also have the four basic characteristics of concurrency, sharing, virtuality, and asynchronousness. Among them, the concurrency feature is the most important feature of the operating system, and the other three features are all based on the concurrency feature.
14. What are the main functions of processor management? What is their main task?
Answer: The main functions are: buffer management, device allocation and device processing, and virtual devices.
Main tasks: Complete I/O requests made by users, allocate I/O devices to users; increase the utilization of CPU and I/O devices; improve /O speed; and facilitate users to use I/O devices.
15. What are the main functions of memory management? What is their main task?
a. Main functions: memory allocation, memory protection, address mapping and memory expansion, etc.
b. The main task of memory allocation is to allocate memory space for each program, improve memory utilization, and reduce unavailable memory space.
Allows running programs to apply for additional memory space to accommodate the dynamic growth of programs and data.
--The main task of memory protection is to ensure that each user program runs in its own memory space without interfering with each other.
--The main task of address mapping is to convert logical addresses in the address space into corresponding physical addresses in the memory space.
--The main task of memory expansion is to logically expand memory capacity with the help of virtual storage technology.
16. What are the main functions of device management? What are its main tasks?
The main functions are: buffer management, device allocation and device processing, and virtual devices.
Main tasks: Complete I/O requests made by users, allocate I/O devices to users; improve the utilization of CPU and /O devices; increase I/O speed; and facilitate users to use I/O devices.
17. What are the main functions of file management? What are its main tasks?
Answer: The main task of file management is to manage user files and system files to facilitate user use and ensure file security. For this purpose, it has functions such as file storage space management, directory management, file read/write management, and file sharing and protection.
18. What makes the operating system have asynchronous characteristics?
Answer: In a multiprogramming environment, multiple processes are allowed to execute concurrently. However, due to resource limitations and other factors, usually the execution of processes is not "all in one go" but runs in a "stop-and-go" manner. It is unpredictable when each process in the memory will be executed, when it will be paused, at what speed it will advance, and how long each program will take to complete. It is likely that the jobs that enter the memory first are completed later; and the jobs that enter the memory later are completed first. In other words, the process runs asynchronously. Despite this, as long as the running environment is the same and the job is run multiple times, the exact same results will be obtained. Therefore, asynchronous running is allowed. This is the asynchronous nature of the process, which is an important feature of the operating system.
19. What are the problems with the module interface method? What methods can be used to solve this problem?
(1) Problems with the module interface method: ① During OS design, the interface regulations between modules are difficult to meet the actual needs for the interface after the module is completed. ② During the OS design stage, designers must make a series of decisions, and each decision must be based on the previous decision. However, the design of each module in the modular structure design goes hand in hand, and it is impossible to find a reliable order. The disorder of various decisions makes it difficult for programmers to make every decision in the design based on a reliable basis. Therefore, the module interface The method is called the "unordered module method".
(2) Solution: Change the decision order of the module interface method from disorder to order and introduce it into the ordered hierarchical method.
20. In microkernel OS, why should we adopt client/server mode?
Answer The C/S model has unique advantages: (1) Distributed processing and storage of data. (2) Convenient for centralized management. (3) Flexibility and scalability. (4) Easy to adapt application software.
21. Try to describe what a microkernel OS is.
1) Small enough kernel 2) Based on client/server model 3) Application mechanism and strategy separation principle 4) Adopt object-oriented technology.
22. What new technologies are applied in OS based on microkernel structure?
Answer: 1) Client-Server Model (Client-Server Model) 2) Object-oriented programming technology OOP (Objected-Orientated Programming) 3) Microkernel technology
23. What is microkernel technology? What features are typically provided in microkernel technology?
Answer: The so-called microkernel technology is a carefully designed small kernel that can realize the core functions of modern OS. It is different from the general OS (program) in that it is smaller and more refined. It not only runs in the core state, but also stays there after booting. memory, it will not be swapped out of memory due to memory constraints. The microkernel is not a complete OS, but only provides an important foundation for building a general OS. Microkernel technology provides the following functions: process management, memory management, inter-process communication management, and low-level I/O functions.
24. What are the advantages of microkernel operating system? Why does it have these advantages?
Answer: Since the microkernel OS structure is based on a modular and hierarchical structure, and adopts the client/server model and object-oriented programming technology, it can be seen that the microkernel structured OS combines various technical advantages. The great success. Five advantages: It improves the scalability of the system, enhances the reliability and portability of the system, provides support for distributed systems, and incorporates object-oriented technology.
25. Please discuss the development direction and new technologies of operating systems.
Answer: With the development of VLSI and computers, microcomputer OS, multi-processor OS, network OS, distributed OS, and parallel OS have emerged. The operating system will develop in the direction of network sharing and distributed processing; distributed processing It is a new technology of the operating system. The processing and control tasks of the system are distributed to various processing units, and can be executed concurrently and processed in a distributed manner. In addition, there have been new developments in the structural models of operating systems, including client/service model, object model, symmetric multiprocessor model, etc.
26. Characteristics of multi-programming.
Multi-programming: Multiple programs can reside in the memory at the same time and allow them to execute concurrently, thus effectively improving resource utilization and system throughput.
Disorder: There is no strict correspondence between the order in which multiple jobs are completed and the order in which they enter the memory.
Scheduling: From the time a job is submitted to the system until it is completed, it needs to go through the following two scheduling processes: job scheduling and process scheduling.
27. What are the two main views on describing operating systems.
Answer: The description of the operating system mainly includes two perspectives: virtual machine and resource management. The virtual machine's perspective, also called the extended machine's perspective, is a top-down view of the functional location of the operating system. A computer equipped with an operating system greatly expands the functions of the original computer, making the user's operation and use of a computer system containing various hardware components from complex to simple, from low-level operations to high-level operations, and changing basic operations. Functionality expanded into multiple functions. Therefore, after configuring the operating system on the bare metal, it seems to the user to be an expanded machine, that is, a virtual machine. The expansion of the virtual machine includes the expansion of system functions and quantity. The resource management perspective is the main perspective currently used to describe operating systems. It is a bottom-up observation of the functional location of the operating system. Resource management is also the main function of the operating system. The resources here are divided into software and hardware resources. Hardware resources include processors, main memory, and input/output devices. Correspondingly, the operating system has functions such as processor management, memory management, and device management. Software resources include files or information. Correspondingly, the operating system has functions such as processor management, memory management, and device management. File management function.
28. What are the main points of view in studying operating systems?
Answer: (1) Resource perspective: Study how to manage various software and hardware resources in the computer system; how to make the computer system serve users in a coordinated and effective manner; how to maximize the use efficiency of computer system resources and improve The service quality of the computer system also ensures the safety and reliability of the computer system. (2) User point of view: The operating system is a black box. The computer equipped with the operating system is completely different from the original real physical computer, because it provides users with a more convenient way to use the computer, constructs a virtual machine, and adopts the operation Commands determine the functionality of a virtual machine. (3) Process perspective: Analyzing the operating system from the process perspective, the activities of all processes constitute the current behavior of the operating system. At every moment, there is a process family tree, which shows a snapshot of the operating system's behavioral subjects. (4) Module layering perspective: Use the module layering perspective to discuss the relationship between modules or discuss how to form the architecture of the operating system and how to arrange and connect these program modules to construct a simple and clear structure, correct logic, and easy to analyze and implement. operating system.
29. A certain computer system has an input machine and a printer. Two programs are now put into operation at the same time, and program A starts to run first, and program B runs later. The running trajectory of program A is: calculate for 50ms, print information for 100ms, calculate again for 50ms, print information for 100ms, and end. The running trajectory of program B is: calculation for 50ms, input data for 80ms, then calculation for 100ms, and end. Try to explain: (1) When the two programs are running, is the CPU idle and waiting? If so, within what period of time should you wait? Why wait idle? (2) Is there any waiting phenomenon when programs A and B are running? If so, when will the waiting phenomenon occur?
Solution: The working situation when two programs are executed concurrently is as shown in the figure below.
(1) It can be seen from the figure that during the running of the two programs, the CPU is idle and waiting. The idle waiting period is between 100ms and 150ms after program A starts running. During this time, Program A is printing information and Program B is inputting data.
(2) There is no waiting phenomenon after program A starts running, but there is waiting phenomenon after program B starts running. The waiting time period of program B is between 180ms and 200ms after program A starts running (or between 130ms and 150ms after program B starts running).
30. What are the main advantages of multiprogramming? Answer: By organizing jobs, the CPU always has one job to execute, thereby improving CPU utilization.
31. List the basic characteristics of the following types of operating systems.
- a Batch processing: By using a resident operating system to allow automatic switching of jobs, computer utilization is greatly improved, but CPU utilization is still low.
- b Interactive: Provides direct communication between the user and the system.
- c Time sharing: It is a natural extension of multiprogramming. Although the CPU still performs multiple jobs by switching between jobs, the switching is so fast that the user can interact with each program while it is running.
- d Real-time: There are strict time requirements for processor operations or data flow.
- e Network: A system that provides many functions.
- f Parallel: Consists of multiple closely communicating processors that share computer buses, clocks, and sometimes memory and peripherals.
- g Distributed: Provide functions through the network, share computing tasks and provide users with rich functions.
- h Cluster type: multiple CPUs are centralized to complete tasks, and two or more independent systems are coupled together.
- i Handheld: The limited size of handheld devices results in small memory, slow processors, and small screens.
32. What is an operating system? Briefly describe the characteristics of modern operating systems.
Answer: The operating system controls and manages various hardware and software resources in the computer system, organizes the work of the computer system reasonably and effectively, and provides users with an easy-to-use and scalable working environment, thus serving as an interface connecting the computer and the user. Modern operating systems have the following characteristics: (1) Concurrency (co-concurrency): refers to the ability to handle multiple simultaneous activities. I/O operations and calculations overlap, and several user programs are stored in memory at the same time. These are examples of concurrency. (2) Sharing: refers to the shared use of resources by multiple computing tasks. Concurrent activities may require sharing of resources and information; multiple users sharing the same copy of a program, rather than providing each user with a separate copy, can avoid duplication of development and save human resources. (3) Uncertainty: It means that the operating system must be able to handle any sequence of events so that the calculation tasks of each user can be completed correctly.
33. Considering the various definitions of operating systems, should operating systems include applications such as browsers and email programs? Use pros and cons to support your answer.
Answer: It should not be included. Such applications do not provide an environment to develop and run other programs. They are just some application software running on the operating system.
34. Try to compare network OS and distributed OS. Answer: An OS configured on a distributed system is called a distributed OS. Although it has many similarities with a network OS, both have their own characteristics.
Distribution: The distributed OS does not reside centrally in a certain site, but is evenly distributed on various sites of the system. Therefore, the processing and control functions of the OS are distributed . Although computer networks all have distributed processing functions, the control functions of the network are mostly concentrated in a certain host(s) or network server, or the control method is centralized.
Parallelism: In a distributed processing system, there are multiple processing units. Therefore, the task allocation program of the distributed OS can allocate multiple tasks to multiple processing units so that these tasks can be executed in parallel, thereby accelerating task execution . In a computer network, one or more tasks of each user are usually processed on their own (local) computer. Therefore, there is usually no task distribution function in a network OS.
Transparency: Distributed OSes usually do a good job of hiding the internal implementation details of the system. For example, the physical location of objects, concurrency control, system failures, etc. are all transparent to users. For example, when a user wants to access a file, he or she only needs to provide the file name without knowing which site (the object to be accessed) it resides on, so that it can be accessed, that is, it has physical location transparency . For network OS, although it also has a certain degree of transparency, it mainly refers to the transparency on the OS. For example, when a user wants to access a file on the server, he only needs to issue the corresponding file access command without knowing how to access the file.
Sharability: In a distributed system, software and hardware resources distributed on various sites can be shared by all users in the entire system and can be accessed in a transparent manner. Although network OS can provide resource sharing, most of the shared resources are set in the host or network server. Resources on other machines are usually exclusive to the user using that machine.
Robustness: Since the processing and control functions of the distributed system are distributed, any failure on any site will not have a great impact on the system; in addition, when a device fails, the system can be implemented through fault-tolerant technology. Reconstruction can still ensure the operation of the system, so the system is robust, that is, it has better availability and reliability. As for network OS, most of its control functions are concentrated in the host or server, which makes the system potentially unreliable. In addition, the system's reconstruction function is also weak.
35. What is the relationship between the operating system and user programs?
Answer: The operating system provides various services to user programs through virtualization and its interface. User programs continue to use the services provided by the operating system to complete their tasks during operation. If the user program needs to read and write disks during operation, it must call the services of the operating system to complete the disk read and write operations. On the other hand, it is impossible for a user program to start before the operating system starts. Therefore, every time a user program is started, it is equivalent to the operating system transferring control to the user program; and after the user program is executed, control is returned to the operator. system. From this perspective, the operating system is the main program, the user program is the subprogram, and the operating system continuously calls various application programs during its life cycle. Therefore, the operating system and various applications can be regarded as calling each other, thus forming a very complex dynamic relationship.
36. What is multiprogramming technology? What are the characteristics of multiprogramming technology?
Multiprogramming refers to storing multiple programs in memory at the same time so that they are running at the same time. These jobs share processor time and external devices and other resources. The main characteristics of multi-programming technology are: multi-channel, macro-parallel, and micro-serial. Multi-channel refers to the computer memory storing multiple independent programs at the same time. Macroscopically speaking, parallelism means that multiple programs entering the system at the same time are all in the running process. Microscopically, serialization means that in a single-processor environment, multiple programs in the memory take turns occupying the CPU and execute alternately.
Multiple choice questions
1. The main purpose of configuring the operating system in the computer system is (A). The main function of the operating system is to manage (B) the computer system, including (C), (D), as well as files and devices. The (C) management here is mainly to manage the process.
- A: Improve system resource utilization
- B: resources ;
- C: processor ;
- D: memory
2. There are many types of operating systems: an operating system that allows multiple users to use the computer interactively is called (2); an operating system that allows multiple users to submit several jobs to the computer system for centralized processing is called (1) ; Under the control of (3), the computer system can promptly process the data fed back by the process control and respond; the operating system on the IBM-PC is called (4).
(1) Batch operating system; (2) Time-sharing operating system; (3) Real-time operating system; (4) Microcomputer operating system; (5) Multiprocessor operating system.
An operating system is (A), it is responsible for doing all (B) work for users and user programs, (C) is not the main concern of the operating system.
- A: (1) Application software; (2) System software ; (3) General software; (4) Software packages.
- B: (1) Hardware-independent and application-independent; (2) Hardware-related and application-independent ; (3) Hardware-independent and application-related; (4) Hardware-related and application-related.
- C: (1) Management of computer bare metal; (2) Design and provision of interfaces between user programs and computer hardware systems; (3) Management of information resources in computers; (4) Compilation of high-level programming languages .
During the programming process, users can obtain operating system services through (A).
A：
- (1) Library function;
- (2) Keyboard commands;
- (3) System call ;
- (4) Internal commands.
The use of multiprogramming technology in OS can effectively improve the performance of CPU, memory and I/O devices (A). To achieve multiprogramming, (B)
- A: (1) Flexibility; (2) Reliability; (3) Compatibility; (4) Utilization .
- B: (1) Larger memory ; (2) Faster CPU; (3) Faster external devices; (4) More advanced terminals.
The main driving force for the formation and development of batch processing systems is (A), the main driving force for the formation and development of time-sharing systems is (B), and the main driving force for the development of microcomputer OS is (C).
- A: Improve system resource utilization;
- B: User-friendly;
- C: Continuous upgrading of computer hardware;
When designing a time-sharing operating system, the first thing to consider is (A); when designing a batch operating system, the first thing to consider is (B); when designing a real-time operating system, the first thing to consider is (C).
- A: Interactivity and response time;
- B: Turnaround time and system throughput;
- C: Real-time and reliability.
In a multi-channel batch processing system, in order to make full use of various resources, the system always gives priority to (A) multiple jobs to be run; in order to improve throughput, the system always finds ways to shorten user jobs (B).
- A: (1) Suitable for memory capacity; (2) Large amount of calculation; (3) Large amount of I/O; (4) Balanced between calculation type and I/O type.
- B: (1) Turnaround time; (2) Running time; (3) Submission time; (4) Blocking time.
Choose the correct statement from the following statements about operating systems. (3)
- (1) Corresponding job control information must be provided for batch processing jobs.
- (2) For time-sharing systems, not all human-computer interaction functions may be provided.
- (3) From a response perspective, the requirements of time-sharing systems and real-time systems are similar.
- (4) In a computer system using a time-sharing system, users can monopolize the file system in the computer operating system.
- (5) From an interaction perspective, time-sharing systems are similar to real-time systems.
The response time (timeliness) of a time-sharing system is mainly determined based on (A), while the response time of a real-time system is determined by (B).
- A: The delay acceptable to the control object ;
- B: The waiting time acceptable to the user ;
In a time-sharing system, in order to enable multiple users to interact with the system at the same time, the most critical issue is (A); when the number of users is 100, in order to ensure that the response time does not exceed 2s, the maximum time slice at this time should be ( B).
- A: (1) The computer has a sufficiently high running speed; (2) The memory capacity should be large enough; (3) The system can receive input from multiple users in a timely manner; (4) It can enable all users to complete the task within a short period of time . All user programs are run ; (5) Internal and external memory can be swapped quickly.
- B：（1）10ms；（2）20ms；（3）50ms；（4）100ms；（5）200ms。
Both time-sharing systems and real-time systems are interactive. The interactivity of real-time systems allows users to access (A); the interactivity of time-sharing systems allows users to request system provision (B).
- A: (1) Text editing program; (2) Special service program ; (3) Special hardware; (4) Data processing program.
- B: (1) Data processing services; (2) Resource sharing services; (3) Data communication services; (4) Various services ; (5) Data processing and resource sharing services.
The real-time operating system must handle external events within (A), and (B) is not the main goal of designing a real-time system.
- A: (1) Response time; (2) Turnaround time; (3) Specified time ; (4) Scheduling time.
- B: (1) Safe and reliable; (2) Resource utilization ; (3) Timely response; (4) Quick processing.
Choose the correct statement from the following statements about concurrency.
- (1) Concurrency means that several events occur at the same time.
- (2) Concurrency means that several events occur at different times.
- (3) Concurrency means that several events occur within the same time interval.
- (4) Concurrency means that several events occur at different time intervals.
When using the (A) structure, the OS is divided into two parts: the kernel used to implement the most basic functions of the OS and the server that provides various services; usually, the following modules that must be included in the operating system kernel are the (B) modules.
- A: (1) Holization; (2) Modularization; (3) Hierarchy; (4) Microkernel .
- B: (1) Memory allocation; (2) Interrupt processing ; (3) File processing; (4) Command processing.
Compared with early OS, OS using microkernel structure has many advantages, but these advantages do not include (A).
A：
- (1) Improve the scalability of the system;
- (2) Improve the operating efficiency of the OS ;
- (3) Enhanced system reliability;
- (4) Make the OS more portable.
Generally speaking, in order to implement multiprogramming, the computer first needs to have A
- A. Larger memory
- B. Faster external devices
- C. Faster CPU
- D. More advanced terminals
Which of the following is not an operating system component is B
- A.Process management
- B.Database management
- C. Protection system
- D. Command interpreter system
From the user's perspective, the operating system is A
- A. The interface between the user and the computer
- B. Software that controls and manages computer resources
- C. Software that rationally organizes computer workflow
- D. An organism composed of several levels of programs according to a certain structure
The functions of the operating system are processor management, B management, device management and information management.
- A.Process
- B.memory
- C.Hardware
- D.Software
Multiprogramming technology is used in the operating system to improve the performance of the CPU and peripheral devices.
- A.Utilization rate
- B.Reliability
- C. Stability
- D.Compatibility
The operating system is an indispensable part of a modern computer system. It is a system software equipped to improve the performance of the computer and facilitate users to use the computer.
- A.Speed
- B.Utilization rate
- C.Flexibility
- D.Compatibility
The basic types of operating systems are mainly B
- A. Batch processing system, time-sharing system and multi-tasking system
- B. Real-time operating system, batch operating system and time-sharing operating system
- C. Single-user system, multi-user system and batch processing system
- D. Real-time systems, time-sharing systems and multi-user systems
The so-called B refers to putting more than one job into the main memory and running it at the same time. These jobs share other resources such as processor time and peripheral devices.
- A. multiprocessing
- B．multiprogramming
- C. real time processing
- D．Joint execution
Multi-channel batch processing system hardware support was developed in the early 1960s.
- A. RISC technology
- B. Channels and Interruption Mechanisms
- C. Integrated circuit
- D. High-speed memory
The C operating system allows multiple terminals to be connected to one host at the same time, and multiple users can use the computer interactively through their respective terminals at the same time.
- A.Network
- B. Distributed
- C. Time sharing
- D. real time
If the time slice of the time-sharing operating system is certain, then A , the longer the response time.
- A. The smaller the number of users
- B. The more users there are
- C. The less memory
- D. The more memory
Time-sharing operating systems usually use strategy B to serve users.
- A. Reliability and flexibility
- B. Time slice rotation
- C. Time slice weighted allocation
- D. Short jobs are given priority
The C operating system allows users to submit several jobs to the computer system.
- A.Single user
- B. Distributed
- C.Batch processing
- D. Supervision
If the operating system is regarded as the manager of computer system resources, the following D does not belong to the resources managed by the operating system.
- A.Procedure
- B.Memory
- C.CPU
- D.Interruption
Fill in the blanks
The main goals in designing modern OS are ( ) and ( ). Improve resource utilization; facilitate users.
The single-channel batch processing system was developed to solve the contradiction between ( ) and ( ). Human-computer conflict; CPU and I/O device speeds do not match.
Multiprogramming in a single-processor environment has the characteristics of multiprogramming, ( ) and ( ). Macroscopically, they run simultaneously; microscopically, they run alternately.
The two most basic characteristics of a modern operating system are ( ) and ( ). In addition, it also has the characteristics of ( ) and ( ). Concurrency; resource sharing; virtuality; asynchrony
From the perspective of resource management, the operating system has four major functions: ( ), ( ), ( ), and ( ); in order to facilitate users, the operating system must also provide ( ). Processor management, memory management, device management, file management, friendly user interface
The basic types of operating systems are ( ), ( ) and ( ). Batch processing system, time-sharing system, real-time system
The main advantages of the batch processing system are ( ) and ( ); the main disadvantages are ( ) and ( ). High resource utilization, high system throughput, no interaction capabilities, and long average job turnaround time.
The key issue in realizing the time-sharing system is ( ), for which the concept of ( ) must be introduced and the ( ) scheduling algorithm must be adopted. Human-computer interaction, time slice, time slice rotation
The basic characteristics of the time-sharing system are: ( ), ( ), ( ) and ( ). Multi-channel, independence, interactivity, timeliness
Several events occurring within the same time interval are called ( ); several events occurring at the same time are called ( ). Concurrency, parallelism
Real-time systems can be divided into two types: ( ) and ( ); civil aviation ticketing systems belong to ( ), while missile flight control systems belong to ( ). Real-time information processing system, real-time control system
In order to make a real-time system highly reliable and secure, ( ) is usually not required. Resource utilization
The main difference between real-time operating system and time-sharing operating system is ( ) and ( ). Timeliness and high reliability
If the operating system has strong interactivity and can be used by multiple users at the same time, but the time response is not very timely, it belongs to the ( ) type; if the operating system is reliable, the time response is timely but only has simple interaction capabilities, it belongs to the ( ) type. Type; if the operating system does not provide interactive capabilities after the user submits a job, and what it pursues is high utilization of computer resources, large throughput and automation of the job process, it belongs to the () type. Time-sharing operating system, real-time operating system, batch operating system
The use of multi-programming technology can give full play to the ability of ( ) and ( ) to work in parallel. CPU, peripherals
Concurrency and ( ) are the two most basic features of the operating system, and they are conditions for the existence of each other. shared
True or False
A distributed system is a tightly coupled system.
Answer: Wrong. Distributed systems are loosely coupled systems.
In a computer with a single CPU, processes cannot operate in parallel.
Answer: Wrong. One process is running on the CPU, and another process can perform I/O operations at the same time. They are parallel.