MPC secure multi-party calculation

1 Introduction

1.1 Related issues

• Yao’s Millionaire Question: (Prove who is richer without disclosing the specific amount of wealth)
  
• Access control system: (to know if someone has permission to enter, without revealing someone's specific whereabouts)
  
• Employment supervision: (provide whether there is discrimination in employment without disclosing sensitive information of employees)
  
• Is there a problem of racial discrimination in school admissions:
  

1.2 Problem solution-MPC

2. Boston University's MPC Vision

Specifically, it can be seen:

• Company website:
  Accessible and Scalable Secure Multi-Party Computation

• Github：
  https://github.com/multiparty/web-mpc

Future data market:

MPC as a service:

3. The meaning of MPC

• Privacy should not be a reason for refusing to answer important social issues (such as employment discrimination issues, etc.).
• Nor should privacy be sacrificed on the grounds of doing the right thing.
• Private data should not be a tradable commodity, and calculations based on private data are marketable.
• With more and more legal and policy restrictions on naked data sharing, MPC will bring more social and economic value.
  

4. Frequently Asked Questions about MPC Application

• Are there any technical restrictions on the types of calculations that can be used for secure multiparty calculations?
  In principle, any calculation can be MPC calculation, but considering that the calculation overhead (shown in dimensions such as time, computing resources, interaction overhead, etc.) will increase with the complexity of the calculation and the amount of input data.
  【* Are there any technical limits on the types of computations that can be completed with secure MPC?
  In principle, any computation is possible to perform under MPC. However, the computation's cost (which could translate to time, computing resources, or communications overhead ) may grow as the complexity of the computation and the amount of input data grow.】

• If the MPC program is adopted, what are the main pressures on the participants?
  For data contributors, MPC will not add any new burden. The MPC solution can be directly embedded into any existing data analysis workflow. However, the MPC scheme does involve the participation of computing entities. For the new workflow using MPC, the main pressure of large companies is to reach a consensus on which new technology to adopt, and at the same time to train relevant cooperative institutions, and train relevant technical experts in the IT department to better realize the existing The integration of data storage and analysis infrastructure with MPC solutions.
  【* What burden, if any, does secure MPC put on the parties using it?
  MPC does not need to impose any new burdens on the data contributors; it can be incorporated into any existing data analysis workflow. However, MPC does require the existence of computing entities. As with any new workflow, the real burden in a (large) organization will be gaining consensus on which new technology to implement, educating relevant groups and departments about MPC, and developing expertise within the IT department to integrate MPC solutions into existing data storage and analysis infrastructures.】

Reference

[1] Vitalik: Quick start to Garbled circuits
[2] Accessible and Scalable Secure Multi-Party Computation
[3] youtube video Sharing knowledge without sharing data