[Daily Know] Take you closer to the 5nm chip (2021.02.05)

[Daily Know] Take you closer to the 5nm chip (2021.02.05)

1. Introduction

• What do 5nm and 7nm mean?

  What I usually say about 5nm or 7nm isTransistor width(Also known as line width ), nano- technology is a very difficult circuit difficult of.

• Where is the difficulty?

  Manufacturing transistors involves complex processing techniques such as photolithography and etching .
  TSMC purchased a lithography machine that can process the 5nm EUV lithography process from ASML .
  However, due to the blockade of the United States , SMIC ’s import of lithography machines from ASML was blocked , so the next step The advancement of 5nm process will encounter many difficulties temporarily.

2. Advantages

• In recent years, the chip technology has changed from 14nm to 10nm to the recent 7nm and 5nm . Every process upgrade is accompanied by a huge upgrade of the CPU .
• According to calculations, the performance will increase by 30%-60% for every 1nm of transistor width . Therefore, under the premise of the same volume , the higher the integration of the chip, more functional circuits can be inserted , improving performance and reducing energy consumption.

Three, the status quo

• Why chip 5nm is the limit?
  The current working mode of the chip is still the classic logic circuit .
  When the process is less than 5nm , quantum effects dominate. For example, quantum tunneling, uncertainty, entanglement , and classical logic can no longer work.

• 5nm chip "rolling over"?

从2020年下半年开始，各家手机芯片厂商就开始了激烈的5nm芯片角逐，
苹果、华为、高通、三星相继推出旗舰级5nm移动处理器，
并宣称无论是在性能上还是在功耗上都有着优秀的表现。

不过从这几款5nm芯片的实际表现来看，一些用户并不买账，
认为5nm手机芯片表现并没有达到预期，5nm芯片似乎遭遇了一场集体“翻车”。

the reason

• The heat is caused by the leakage of the transistor and the power consumption.
  The current transistor design uses fin field effect transistors (FinFET). This process has been used since 28nm, and 5nm has reached its physical limit , triggering a quantum tunneling effect , so it began to leak seriously.

solve

• Surrounding the gate transistor is the direction to solve this problem, but it has not yet been applied on a large scale due to its cost and technological iteration .

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