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- 2. The concept and characteristics of the Internet of Things
2. The concept and characteristics of the Internet of Things
2.1 The concept of the Internet of Things
As the name suggests, the Internet of Things is an Internet of things connected by all things.
The Internet of Things is achieved by using radio frequency identification (RFID), sensors, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners and other information collection equipment to connect any item to the Internet according to an agreed protocol for information exchange and communication . A network of intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management.
Concept understanding: RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
1. Diversified perception
Diversification of sensing equipment;
2. Electronic identity
Use electronic tags, barcodes, QR codes and other identification equipment and personnel;
3. Multi-mode communication
Including various wireless and limited communication methods
4. Intelligent management
Support in-depth analysis and visualization of perception data to facilitate effective monitoring and management of the physical world and information world;
2.2 Technical characteristics of the Internet of Things
- Full perception
- Reliable delivery
- Intelligent processing
1. Comprehensive perception
Perception refers to the process of directly acquiring, cognizing and understanding the information of objective things;
people’s demand for information acquisition has prompted them to continue to develop new technologies to acquire perceptual information, such as sensors, RFID, and positioning technology;
Reliable delivery
The stability and reliability of data transmission is the key to ensuring the connection between things. In order to realize the information exchange between things, it is necessary to agree on a unified communication protocol;
because the Internet of Things is a heterogeneous network, the protocol specifications between different entities may be different, and the corresponding software and hardware need to be converted to ensure the quality of the goods. Real-time and accurate transmission of information between
Near Field Communication Technology
- WiFi
- Bluetooth
- ZigBee
- infrared
Long-distance wireless communication technology
- Satellite communication technology
- Microwave communication technology
- Mobile communication technology (3G, 4G, 5G, etc.)
Wired communication technology
- local area network
- Metropolitan Area Network
- Wan
Intelligent processing
The purpose of the Internet of Things is to realize functions such as intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management of various objects (including people). It is necessary to store, analyze, and process massive amounts of data through intelligent computing technologies such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence , and implement intelligent control of items according to different application requirements.
2.3 The basic model of the Internet of Things
System perspective
The C3SD technical structure of the Internet of Things;
namely, it is built on:
- Sensor network communication (communication)
- Calculation
- Control
- Data ocean
Technical perspective
Application perspective
EPC/UID system
2.4 The knowledge system of the Internet of Things
The basic knowledge of the Internet of Things Engineering major should at least include:
- Algorithm and programming (discrete mathematics, algorithm design, data structure, programming language)
- Circuit and electronic technology (digital electricity, analog electricity, circuit)
- Computer system (composition, system structure, operating system, microcomputer and interface)
- Computer network (network principle, network security)
- Database system (data, database principle, data processing)
- Embedded system (MCU, embedded operating system)
2.5 Typical applications of the Internet of Things
