Author: spring and autumn and the winter is not far
link: https: //zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/33777286
Source: know almost
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- Authoritative definition
Hey, the more you pull, the more unclear it feels. Let's take a look at the more authoritative definition. The definition of the Internet of Things on Wikipedia is "The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors,actuators, and connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange data. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but is able to inter-operate within the existing Internet infrastructure."
My understanding of this passage is that, first of all, the Internet of Things is a network. What kind of network is a network composed of physical devices, vehicles, household appliances, and other embedded devices plus electronic technology, software, sensors, controllers, and connectivity. . In addition, each object in this network is uniquely identifiable through the embedded computing system and can be interactively operated based on the existing Internet infrastructure.
It seems to understand every word, but it still seems not popular enough. Let's disassemble it and analyze it.
- What are the "things" of the Internet of Things?
In theory, everything you see in the real world can be included in the scope of "things", but not all "things" must be included in the Internet of Things. For example, there is no need to eat or drink, and it's over after eating and drinking. There are also serious personal privacy issues, such as XXOO related, which is unnecessary, right. In addition, the cost issue must also be considered. The value of this "thing" itself is not as high as the cost of networking, so there is no need to do it.
- This "thing" must be able to perceive
Take us humans as an analogy. We humans perceive the world through our eyes, ears, mouth, nose, tongue, and body. As for the object, you have to install something similar to it to perceive it. This thing is called a sensor. Sensors are now very cheap, simple and practical, only a few tens of dollars, and easy to buy from the Internet. There are many types of sensors, such as temperature measurement, pressure measurement, light sensing, sound sensing, and so on.
- This thing must be able to move by itself
The so-called "thing" must be able to move on its own, that is, the control part can sense the changes in the outside world and not move on its own. It is not that nothing can be done. This "movement" is not necessarily a change in the position of the "thing" or physical actions. Broadly speaking, it is the feedback of "things", such as making a sound based on changes in the outside world and sending an email. My understanding should be regarded as "movement". The more complex the "movement", the more complex the design and implementation of the "thing" itself, such as an intelligent robot. To ensure that "things" can move, there must be a guarantee of power, such as batteries and electricity.
- This thing must be controlled
The so-called being under control means that you cannot move indiscriminately, and you must move according to instructions. For example, the human "brain" requires the brain to issue instructions before the human limbs can make movements. This part is realized by software through programming. Of course, with the development of deep learning, complex "things" will also give appropriate feedback to new situations based on the learning experience, but this is still controlled because these new situations are still in the original learning Within the range of.
- Communication between things and between things and people
This is the most important thing. The reason why the material network is said to be a network must be connected and communicated with each other, that is, mutual data exchange. Things must communicate with each other and cooperate with each other, and people must also communicate with each other and cooperate with each other. If in the future it is really possible to control objects by brainwaves (currently, brainwaves can be used to control game characters, right?), then it is true that things are forgotten and things move with your heart. Why do things communicate with things, such as the communication scenario between upstream equipment and downstream equipment in the production line: "The downstream equipment said, you can do it slowly, but I can’t do it here. The upstream equipment said, okay, I’ll be slow, and you too. Hurry up.” Of course, to achieve communication, you must first access the same network. This network is an extension of the Internet. The underlying infrastructure is still the current Internet infrastructure, such as network topology, connection media (various cables), Various communication connection protocols (short-distance Bluetooth, wifi, Zigbee, etc., long-distance NB-Iot, LoRa, etc.) and data conversion protocols (uniform conversion of the data generated by objects for easy transmission, viewing and analysis).
- Things must have a unique identification mark
Since I have to communicate, I must be identified, otherwise how do I know if the person communicating with me is a person or a dog. Just like a person’s ID card and passport, each "thing" needs a unique identification code. This code is the only proof of this "thing" in the world (I think this problem solves the problem of product quality tracking. Tracking is no longer a problem). Related technologies and protocols include RFID, URI, IPv6, and EPCIS. They are not unified yet, and it is difficult to think about it. Everything in the world is like sand, and coding alone is enough to drink a pot.
- The core and foundation of the Internet of Things is still the Internet
The Internet of Things is impossible and there is no need to start anew. Of course, the current Internet has such a good foundation to make good use of. Therefore, the Internet of Things is a natural expansion of the Internet to a certain extent. Therefore, many technologies are now coordinating the existing foundation of the Internet and the new needs of the Internet of Things are developing.
