Oracle 12c RAC construction one: basic environment configuration

0. Operating system deployment

Operating system version: CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)

<Omitted>
Local Disk Planning:

Shared Disk Planning:

Network Information Planning:

It is recommended not to choose minimal deployment, it is best to deploy [GNOME Desktop] together. Avoid all kinds of problems in the system during manual installation later, especially if there is no external network and you need to build the YUM source yourself.

1. Host name configuration

hostnamectl set-hostname RACNode01
hostnamectl set-hostname RACNode02

2. SELINUX and firewall closed

setenforce 0
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service

3. Turn off unnecessary services

• It is recommended to disable this service in the ORACLE environment. Oracle has reported that avahi-daemon may interfere with the multicast heartbeat signal of Oracle RAC, causing the application layer interface to assume that it has been disconnected on the node and restarted.

systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service
systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service

• After Oracle RAC 11.2, the database has two time synchronization methods. Method 1: Configure the NTP service in the operating system; Method 2: Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization Service (ctssd). If the former access fails, the latter will be automatically adopted.

systemctl status chronyd.service
systemctl disable chronyd.service
systemctl stop chronyd.service
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak

4. Dependent package installation

yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat libXmu libXt libXv libXxf86dga libdmx libXxf86misc libXxf86vm xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth nfs-utils smartmontools xclock xterm

5. User and user group creation

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
groupadd -g 1100 asmadmin
groupadd -g 1200 dba
groupadd -g 1201 oper
groupadd -g 1300 asmdba
groupadd -g 1301 asmoper

useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /home/grid -m grid && echo "grid" | passwd --stdin grid
useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper -d /home/oracle -m oracle && echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle

6. User environment information configuration

• [Node One]

su - oracle
{
    
    
echo 
echo \#\#  Changes done for to support Oracle RAC
echo "umask=022"
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle"
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1"
echo "export ORACLE_SID=RACDB1"
echo "NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8"
echo "NLS_DATE_FORMAT=\"yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss\""
echo "export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:\$PATH"
echo "alias sqlplus=\"rlwrap sqlplus\""
echo "alias rman=\"rlwrap rman\""
echo \#\# End
echo
} >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
exit

su - grid
{
    
    
echo 
echo \#\#  Changes done for to support Oracle RAC
echo "umask=022"
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid"
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/12.2.0/grid"
echo "export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1"
echo "export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:\$PATH"
echo \#\# End
echo
} >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
exit

• [Node Two]

su - oracle
{
    
    
echo 
echo \#\#  Changes done for to support Oracle RAC
echo "umask=022"
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle"
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1"
echo "export ORACLE_SID=RACDB2"
echo "NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8"
echo "NLS_DATE_FORMAT=\"yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss\""
echo "export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:\$PATH"
echo "alias sqlplus=\"rlwrap sqlplus\""
echo "alias rman=\"rlwrap rman\""
echo \#\# End
echo
} >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
exit

su - grid
{
    
    
echo 
echo \#\#  Changes done for to support Oracle RAC
echo "umask=022"
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid"
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/12.2.0/grid"
echo "export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2"
echo "export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:\$PATH"
echo \#\# End
echo
} >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
exit

7. Directory and permissions creation

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01

8. Kernel parameter configuration

• In order to improve the performance of the software on the Linux system, the shell limit for grid and oracle users must be increased

{
    
    
echo
echo \#\#  Changes done for to support Oracle RAC
echo "grid          soft    nproc          2047"
echo "grid          hard    nproc          16384"
echo "grid          soft    nofile         131072"
echo "grid          hard    nofile         131072"
echo "grid          soft    core           unlimited"
echo "grid          hard    core           unlimited"
echo "oracle        soft    nofile         131072"
echo "oracle        hard    nofile         131072"
echo "oracle        soft    nproc          131072"
echo "oracle        hard    nproc          131072"
echo "oracle        soft    core           unlimited"
echo "oracle        hard    core           unlimited"
echo "oracle        soft    memlock        61644800"
echo "oracle        hard    memlock        61644800"
echo \#\# End
echo
} >> /etc/security/limits.conf

• Make the following changes to the default shell startup file

{
    
    
echo
echo \#\#  Changes done for to support Oracle RAC
echo  "if [ $USER="oracle" ] || [ $USER="grid" ]; then"
echo  "      if [ $SHELL="/bin/ksh" ]; then"
echo  "            ulimit -p 16384"
echo  "            ulimit -n 65536"
echo  "      else"
echo  "            ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536"
echo  "      fi"
echo  "      umask 022"
echo  "fi"
echo \#\# End
echo
} >> /etc/profile 

• Increase pam login parameters

{
    
    
echo
echo \#\#  Changes done for to support Oracle RAC
echo "session    required     pam_limits.so"
echo \#\# End
echo
} >> /etc/pam.d/login

• sysctl parameter configuration
  This configuration is suitable for 16GB environment, please adjust and modify other environments according to actual conditions. Official reference information:
  https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/cwlin/changing-kernel-parameter-values.html

{
    
    
echo 
echo \#\#  Changes done for to support Oracle RAC
echo "fs.aio-max-nr=3145728"
echo "fs.file-max=6815744"
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500"
echo "net.core.rmem_max=4194304"
echo "net.core.rmem_default=262144"
echo "net.core.wmem_max=1048576"
echo "net.core.wmem_default=262144"
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem=262144 262144 262144"
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem=262144 262144 262144"
echo "# SHMALL configured for 16GB SGA. To calculate SGA(KB)/4."
echo "kernel.shmall=4456448"
echo "kernel.shmmni=4096"
echo "kernel.shmmax=18253611008"
echo "kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128"
echo \#\# End
echo
} > /etc/sysctl.d/97-oracle-database-sysctl.conf
/sbin/sysctl --system
/sbin/sysctl -p

9. Hugepages and Transparent HugePages configuration
   refer to < Hugepages and Transparent HugePages configuration impact on Oracle >