The theme is "Financial Services in the Digital Economy Era". Gao Chengshi, member of the Blockchain Committee of China Computer Society, attended the meeting and delivered a speech.
Moderator (Li Lizhong): Blockchain technology, as another revolutionary technological innovation after cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies, has greatly changed the way human beings record information, and global wealth circulation and information exchange , Will become more efficient worldwide. The current blockchain technology is accelerating its application to many fields and industries such as the Internet, smart devices, and digital asset transactions. Finance, e-commerce, public services, charity and other fields will all be restructured by blockchain thinking. It can be said that the world is changed by information technology, and blockchain technology will bring about earth-shaking changes in human society.
The Blockchain Application Development Forum, as one of the sub-forums of the China International Financial Forum, will discuss and exchange topics with the theme of "Blockchain Technology Innovation Application and Digital Finance Development". I would like to invite all guests to express their views.
Gao Chengshi: Hello everyone. Lizhong and I are members of at least two blockchain committees, one is the Asian Blockchain Industry Research Institute and the other is the China Computer Society Blockchain Committee. Our team entered the blockchain field in 2017. If you touch the blockchain, you will know that there is a cryptographic concept in the blockchain-asymmetric cryptographic algorithms. Traditional asymmetric cryptographic algorithms are that one private key corresponds to one public key. This design has no problem for one-to-one business, but if it involves many-to-one business, a series of problems will arise. At present, when facing many-to-one business problems, multi-signature and secret sharing methods are commonly used, but secret sharing cannot solve the problem of the ultimate trustee, that is, at least one person in the secret sharing system has the ultimate private key. Yes, and multi-signature is not supported in some systems.
Our team started doing reverse things in 2017. We allow each of the business participants to independently generate their own private key shards. Of course, the strength of this private key shard is exactly the same as that of traditional asymmetric cryptography, and then based on secure multi-party calculations and zero-knowledge proofs, generate The public keys corresponding to these sets of private keys will not reveal everyone's private key information during this process, and the complete private key will not be presented in any part of the calculation. Starting in 2017, in 2018, we took the lead in the world to complete the distributed generation and verification of ECDSA in engineering. In 2019, we completed the distributed generation and verification of EDDSA, and this year completed the distributed generation and verification of SM2. When the project was implemented, the distributed key generation and verification at the beginning took several days, so now we only need a few seconds. Of course, we are now moving from the underlying technology to the application level, and we are also doing some explorations in the application of blockchain, such as the sharing of medical data based on blockchain technology that we are currently doing under controlled conditions; Blockchain implements behavior-based evidence in the smart people's congress business; and in the solution of integrating the elderly into the smart society, there are also ideas based on blockchain. These are what we are currently doing.
Moderator: We will enter the next round of in-depth discussion today based on this topic. Because all of us here are engaged in technology, I would like to ask you to talk about the difficulties of technology landing in the innovative application of blockchain technology, what difficulties have you encountered, what kind of feelings and corresponding solutions do you have?
Gao Chengshi: I thought about this issue for a long time during the first half of the epidemic today, and wrote an article of more than 10,000 words at home, the title is "Why Blockchain hasn't been implemented on a large scale so far?"
To answer this question, we still have to return to the question of what blockchain is. In my opinion, the blockchain is an anti-logic and anti-common sense technical structure combination that appears after the digitalization of information technology has reached a certain stage. First, the blockchain must only appear after digitization and informatization have developed to a certain stage. The blockchain deals with digitized content, and cannot solve the non-digitized content. Second, the blockchain is a technical organization rather than a technology. If we look at Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin white paper, this white paper does not have any new technology. Of course, many new technologies have emerged after this and have also been incorporated into the blockchain system. Third, after the emergence of the blockchain, there was a picture depicting the milestones of human communication between human beings who began to speak 300,000 years ago and the emergence of the blockchain in 2008. In this process, the scope of human communication gradually As it expands, the cost of communication gradually decreases, and the efficiency of communication continues to rise. But blockchain is different.
If you simply analyze the blockchain system, you will know that in the previous system, it was enough to record a piece of data in one place, but in the blockchain, the relevant person must digitally sign the data, and other relevant persons must The data and the signature of the data shall be authenticated, and the data and its signature shall be distributed uniformly and stored redundantly to the greatest extent throughout the entire network. Therefore, the efficiency of the blockchain cannot be high, and it will bring about a great consumption of resources. So it involves the use and application of blockchain. From the above analysis, we can conclude that the application of blockchain must be customized rather than universal.
Some people say that centralized institutions such as Ali and JD are too evil and account for most of the profits in circulation, so we have to use the decentralized form of blockchain to kill them. Can these centralized institutions be killed? I don't think so. It is impossible for everyone to build a complete Ali’s computer room or JD’s computer room. There is an important concept of cost.
So how exactly does the blockchain land? We believe that we must start from the specific business scenarios and business logic, because only the specific business scenarios and business logic can determine which data will be put on the chain, and the data will be open and transparent to whom after it is put on the chain. We must not chain for the sake of winding.
I think that the blockchain hasn't had more business landing so far, because it is limited to our knowledge of technology and insufficient business imagination. As early as 2008, all technologies were mature technologies, but why can only Satoshi Nakamoto in the world combine these technologies according to this structure? Others can't do it. On the one hand, they have insufficient knowledge and imagination of technology, and on the other hand, they have insufficient knowledge and imagination of business.
This is some of my knowledge, thank you.
Moderator: Today’s agenda I find it very interesting to discuss, and we also combine current hot spots. How to quickly use the blockchain to link industry conversion and solve the difficult problems of the "double cycle" and reform of digital finance that our country has just proposed. Please also express your financial opinions.
Gao Chengshi: To be honest, this topic is too big, and internal and external cycles are things that national leaders need to consider. Let me respond to a few statements just now. The digitalization of assets does not mean that these assets will appreciate in the future. Because now when the segment of asset digitization is moving upwards, all we see are prosperity. But when there are particularly many asset classes, asset digitization is fully developed, or the competition is particularly fierce, or the asset market declines, we will face another situation similar to the P2P crash, and a lot of problems will surely occur at that time.
Interchain Pulse and Liepin.com jointly made a special report on blockchain talents last year and the year before. According to the report data, the salary of blockchain talents in 2019 is 1.2-1.5 times that of Internet talents. I have been doing postgraduate education and teaching management for more than ten years. From my perspective, the most lacking in the field of blockchain is the product manager and the project manager. As for other coding talents, even if they need to understand cryptography and P2P network programming, as long as they are relatively solid undergraduates, they can be trained in a better education and training institution after about half a year of intensive training.
Let me talk about the inner and outer circulation. This year the central government writes the data into files as factors of production. In fact, whether the central government lists data as factors of production, data is already a factor of production. However, although the central government regards data as a production factor, there are still a series of theoretical and practical problems that have not been resolved. For example, a series of problems such as how to confirm data rights, how to price, how to trade, etc. have not been solved in the international academic circles, but data has already participated in production. Regardless of whether the central distinction is made, the inner circulation and the outer circulation are not distinguished, but the inner circulation and the outer circulation always exist.
So what can the blockchain do in the double loop? From my point of view, I really don’t see what a specific technology combination of the blockchain can do with a relatively large economic system such as the double loop, but the blockchain must be able to perform digital transformation in the current and decades to come. Play an important role.
I have always emphasized that "digital transformation" may be the biggest economic dividend that our generation will encounter in their lifetime. In the past few years, we have always mentioned "simulation simulation" in the academic industry. Why do we need to mention "simulation simulation"? Because there was not enough data at that time. Now that we have the Internet of Things, we also have a large amount of data generated by ourselves. I think the era of big data has basically realized the digital twin. There may be some content in the physical world that has not yet entered the digital world, and some content in the digital world has surpassed the physical world. The next stage must be digital transformation, which is to reconstruct the physical world with the logic of the digital world. This is also what the Industrial Internet and the Industrial Internet have to do. It is completely different from the consumer Internet. The consumer Internet mainly uses the Internet to achieve large-scale connections and intelligent matching, reducing transaction costs and improving transaction efficiency. The industrial Internet must digitally migrate the physical world of industrial production to the digital world through digital mapping and migration. After the digital twin is completed, the physical world must be reconstructed through the logic of the digital world. In the industrial Internet and industrial Internet fields, digital technology must enter To the manufacturing link, not just the transaction link. In this reconstructed digital world, the blockchain ensures the reliability and credibility of the connections within the corresponding range, the data cannot be tampered with, and the authenticity of each node can be independently verified through the consumption of resources and the combination of technologies, thereby ensuring the future complexity Information system and business system are stable and reliable. This can be regarded as my understanding of the role of blockchain in the future development of "inner loop", "outer loop" and "double loop".