This is really a good article to avoid many detours in learning. You can learn from the experience of the predecessors. Of course, the effect will vary from person to person.
1. Look at the review first, then the treatise
Look at the overview to clarify the concepts and look at the mastery of the works.
2. Start early and learn key techniques before the brothers and sisters leave
3. Look at the abstract for most articles, look at the full text for a few articles
Mastered a little bit of the full text search skills, and often enjoy getting the full text, so that there is no time to read the content of the article, let alone read the abstract. There are not many full texts that are really useful. Excessive pursuit of full texts is wasteful, and you cannot go to extremes. Of course it is not right to just look at the abstract.
4. Focus on time to read literature
I will always forget it. The more time spent reading literature, the more time wasted. Focusing on time makes it easier to connect and form an overall impression.
5. Make records and mark
The copied or printed documents are directly marked or annotated with a pen. For documents in pdf or html format, you can use the editor to highlight or change the text color. This is another important means to avoid wasting time. Otherwise, it means nothing.
6. Read the articles to be cited
Mistakes caused by referrals are endless
7. Pay attention to the reference value of the article
The impact factor of the publication and the number of citations of the article can reflect the reference value of the article. But pay attention to how other articles citing this article evaluate this article: support or opposition, supplement or correction.
8. Communication is the best teacher
Difficulties in experimentation are commonplace. What is your first reaction? Try again and again? give up? Reading? These practices make sense, but the first thing that should be thought of is communication. For people with status, private consultation reflects your respect for him; for people of the same age, open discussion can make everyone speak freely and cautiously. Don't work behind closed doors. An experiment tossed for half a year, and then someone told you that it was a dead end. Wouldn’t it be taken advantage of?
9. The highest level of ability is the ability to express. No matter how good the job is, it must be recognized by others.
The ability to express, reflected in the ability to write and speak, is a quality that needs to be cultivated for a long time. Tenders with a few hundred or thousands of words can win a large amount of funds; although the relationship is important, it is not good to write too badly. Some people say that I don’t learn PCR or spss, just learn ppt (powerpoint). There is a bit of truth to this. The bosses in the laboratory seem to be walking the rivers and lakes by a series of ppts. There are often graduate students who are awe-inspiring for their quick thinking and clear regulations. There are often graduate students who don’t understand, "Why do I do most of the work but the boss lets another person who doesn’t do much work write an article? Ask him to speak at the conference?" Didn’t you see that people have the ability to open their mouths?
10. Learn English well, not a second foreigner
Nowadays, whether you go to Japan or Europe, academic exchanges are already in English. You don't have to regret that you can't understand an article in French. The person who wrote that article is worrying about not learning English well. If you are not yet proficient in English, don't go to study a foreigner for now.
English article writing
1. Read 10 documents and summarize 100 common sentence patterns and phrases.
Review often. Note that the author of the document must be a native English speaker, and the content of the document must be related to your major. This is a by-product of reading literature.
2. Find 3-5 articles with technical routes and statistical methods close to your topic, and read them intensively.
Write a draft of the paper. It should be written in a uniform format of title, author, abstract, background, purpose, materials, methods, results, discussion, acknowledgments, references, legends, figures, tables, photos, and descriptions. The advantage of this is that it can be easily changed to any magazine format.
3. For each part of the thesis, especially a specific method and a specific aspect to be discussed, look for 5-8 documents to read, enrich and perfect.
The discussion here only involves English expression, and it is only recommended to people who lack English writing experience.
4. Find the manuscript of the magazine you want to submit, and find 2-3 articles of the magazine, and rewrite it according to its format.
Note that each rewrite must be saved as a different file name first, so as not to be unable to recover if a problem occurs.
Document management
1. When downloading electronic documents (caj, pdf, html), paste the title of the article as the file name.
Note that the file name cannot have special symbols, and /: *? <> | And newline characters must be deleted. Set the file name according to the same habit every time to prevent repeated downloads.
2. Store different themes in different folders
The title of the folder should be short, such as: PD, LTP, PKC, NO.
3. The documents you have read are put into subfolders, and at least the useful ones should be separated from the useless ones.
4. Important documents add 001, 002, 003 number in front of the file name according to the importance degree, and then arrange the icons by name, the most important document will be ranked first.
5. Use a hole punch to punch the copied or printed documents and load them into a hard file.
Taboos in citing documents
1. Know but not cite
Obviously borrowing similar work from colleagues, but deliberately not quoting similar work from colleagues, so that my work looks "new" and "leading". In fact, peer reviewers may be peers.
2. Taken out of context
Deliberately intercept the part that the author is trying to deny to foil his point of view.
3. Inaccurate
Did not read the original text carefully, and the citation was wrong.
4. Untrue source
The source of some words and sentences is unreliable (such as informal or non-academic publications), and the source is not indicated. Commonly found in some statistics.
5. Blind self-citing
Not to illustrate the relationship between my work and previous work, but to cite myself simply to increase the number of citations of my article.
Several reasons for the low level of domestic articles
1. Outdated knowledge of reviewers
Older reviewers have very limited ability to check the literature and access the Internet, and cannot verify whether the research is meaningful, where the innovations are, whether the methods are reliable, and whether the results are credible. But what is unthinkable is that their frequent reviewer comments are "the references are not new enough".
2. Choosing the wrong reviewer
Although two reviewers are generally designated, the editorial department often asks people who do not understand molecular biology to review articles in molecular biology and people who do not understand statistics to review more complicated articles. Out of face, few people said "I am not suitable for reviewing this article".
3. Relationship articles
With the relationship, everything is simple.
4. Falsification
No one wants to be a victim of the system. If you can't get the expected result, you can't make a difference. For survival, for graduation on schedule, build it.
The science of headline dynamics
1. Research depends on accumulation
The chances of winning the Nobel Prize with a simple observation like Roentgen's discovery of X-rays are dwindling. More scientific research results come from the laboratory's long-term accumulation. In the end it deserves its name. Do not expect to do research in one step. Don't design the subject too far. The same goes for fund review. Without prior accumulation, the possibility of obtaining funding is small. When choosing a mentor, think about it: Do you want to start from scratch or do you want to marry someone?
2. Documents to be tracked
The situation learned by searching the literature at the beginning of the question may be very different at the end of the question. Pay attention to tracking during the experiment. If you are lucky, you can get more clues; if you are not lucky, you find that others are ahead of you. Modify your experiment accordingly. Be sure to check the literature again before writing the paper.
3. Record to review
The previous experiment records should be reviewed frequently. As experience increases and awareness improves, you will find that your initial judgment may not be correct.
Writing his thesis
1. First outline
It's a bad habit to write up without an outline. A few hundred words are okay, a few thousand words are barely, tens of thousands of words are hard. The writing outline must be listed and then enriched and perfected to ensure the coherence of ideas and the balance of word count.
2. Write more often
Timely summarize the phased work, write more articles and contribute more. In the final stage, combining these words organically is a good graduation thesis.
3. Don't list all the data
In order to ensure the weight of graduation thesis, graduate students often observe more indicators. But graduation thesis is not as much data as possible. We must discard data that has little to do with the subject matter. Otherwise, it will either appear cumbersome and loose or become a flaw.
4. Print changes
Modifying directly on the computer will miss many errors. To reduce any errors as much as possible, be sure to print it out and modify it.
5. Let others point out mistakes
Modifying by yourself is still limited by personal habits. The mistake was there, but it was ignored. Let someone point out the mistake to you, whether he is in the same major as you or not.
How to read literature
1. Goal: aimlessly, it is inefficient, and it is inefficient if you cannot grasp the key points.
There may be a period of confusion before choosing a topic, and I don't know where to start. I read a lot of literature randomly, but I don't know why. Under the guidance of the instructor and the inspiration of the peers, some people can quickly clarify their goals and set the target. The entry point starts here. Even if the instructor doesn't guide and doesn't have a fixed topic, he must first set a specific question to read the literature. Whether you do these things in the future or not, it is better than not having a goal, and you are guaranteed to reap. The general rules of scientific research are common.
2. Levels: For a specific topic, the relevant literature falls into three levels: research direction, research field, and research topic.
When looking at the literature, it is necessary to distinguish which level the literature belongs to, which determines the extent to which you have to master it. Research direction-level literature: generally involved, basic knowledge, subject level, understand current major developments and trends, and reach the level of professionals; research field-level literature: understand the focus and hotspots, and the topics that have been/are/will be conducted, and reach the level of experts ; Research topic-level literature: it is necessary to comprehensively understand the history, current situation, prospects, main methods and means, and reach the level of No1 expert. Only by correctly distinguishing the level of the article can you use your energy on ideas.
3. Form: A broad literature includes all the forms of publication that can be read. Textbooks, monographs, conference abstract compilations, journals, web pages, and even ppt files.
For example, to know the latest developments, it is best to consult journals; to understand other people's research trends, it is best to attend conferences or read conference proceedings. Don't find the wrong information source.
4. Degree: The degree of familiarity with the literature is different, and the way of reading the literature is very different.
Novices learn to read, word by word, find out details, and master the most basic knowledge points. The first dozens or dozens of articles need to be read intensively, and the essence of the articles must even be recited. Veteran search-reading, familiar with the common patterns and routines of various researches, can quickly extract key information, grasp ideas, and often read out of regular order. Some people read pictures and speak, while others can read numbers. Critical reading masters, hit the nail on the head, point to the problem. In fact, no paper is invulnerable. Novices must be steady, veterans must be accurate, and masters must be ruthless. The representatives of novices, veterans, and masters are graduate students, mentors, and reviewers, respectively, but graduate students who study hard can completely change from novice to master in three years. Only when you have a clear positioning of yourself can you choose the right way of reading.
5. Contradiction: I read too much literature, and my mind is full of information.
The public says that the public is reasonable, and the mother-in-law says that the mother is reasonable, but at a loss what to do? In order to solve this problem, evidence-based medicine divides the level of clinical trial evidence; for the same reason, we should also pay attention to the strength of experimental evidence in the literature. Finding contradictions is the first step; finding the similarities and differences is the second step; thinking and solving is the third step. Finding the source of contradiction from the derivation of contradictory conclusions. At this time, if you can jump out of the circle, don't follow the fixed mindset, and start from the original scientific problem, "no tricks can be won", you really have reached another state. Why translate a foreigner’s review and falsely claim your review? Why repeat an experiment done by others and falsely claim your own ideas? (Recently, a scientific research exchange group has been formed. Those who are interested can walk along the road of scientific research together, WeChat yh10669500168)