In the past ten years, artificial intelligence has moved from laboratories to industrialized production. The value of reshaping traditional industry models and leading the future has been highlighted, and it has made significant contributions to global economic and social activities. The current global artificial intelligence wave is surging, and scholars from all over the world are striving to realize the leap from perception to cognition in artificial intelligence, so that it has reasoning, interpretability, and cognition. In the next ten years, artificial intelligence technology will achieve new breakthroughs from perceptual intelligence to cognitive intelligence.
Recently, Tsinghua University Artificial Intelligence Research Institute and Tsinghua-Chinese Academy of Engineering Knowledge Intelligence Joint Research Center jointly released the "Artificial Intelligence Development Report 2020."
The report is based on the "Science and Technology Intelligence Big Data Mining and Service Platform" (AMiner) platform independently developed by the team of Professor Tang Jie of Tsinghua University. It is based on the top journals and conferences (44 in total) in the field of artificial intelligence from 2011 to 2020. All the papers and patent data fully show the major scientific research progress, achievement output and scientific research hotspots obtained so far in the development of artificial intelligence. The report not only shows the latest progress of artificial intelligence in the past ten years in terms of talent status, technological trends and technological influence, but also summarizes and analyzes the artificial intelligence strategic support policies of major countries in the world, as well as the talent reserves and patent applications of various countries. The report is unique in its ingenuity, combining knowledge graphs with natural language processing, visualization, bibliometrics and other technical means, and analyzing the technical research hotspots and development trends of artificial intelligence and its sub-fields, as well as the characteristics of high-level talents. In addition, based on the Gartner technology maturity curve, the report also deeply explores the future development blueprint of artificial intelligence, proposes major changes and challenges in theory, technology, and application, and how to empower other industries to develop and other important topics.
AMiner selected the top ten artificial intelligence research hotspots in the past ten years
According to the papers published in the top international journals and conferences in the field of artificial intelligence in the past 10 years, the AI algorithm is used to calculate the AMiner influence index of different technical research directions, so as to obtain the total list of research hotspots in the field of artificial intelligence, and select the past ten years Top Ten Research Hotspots in Artificial Intelligence".
The results of this evaluation show that the top ten research hotspots in the past decade are: deep neural networks, feature extraction, image classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, representation learning, generative adversarial networks, semantic networks, collaborative filtering, and machine translation. The AMiner index of various research hotspots is shown in the table.
Table 1 Top 10 AI research hotspots selected by AMiner in the past decade
In the past ten years, 5 scholars in the field of artificial intelligence have won the Turing Award
Through the AMiner intelligent engine, it is possible to automatically collect information about Turing Prize winners and their papers and scholar portraits over the years. The Turing Award in the past ten years has been officially awarded to the field of artificial intelligence three times.
In 2010, Leslie Valiant won the Turing Award for his contributions to computational theory (PAC, enumeration complexity, algebraic computing, and parallel distributed computing), which is one of the mathematical foundations of the rapid development of artificial intelligence.
In 2011, Judea Pearl was awarded for its contribution to artificial intelligence through probability and causal reasoning;
In 2018, three great gods in the field of deep learning, Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey Hinton, and Yann LeCun, won the Turing Award for their breakthroughs in concept and engineering that promoted deep neural networks to become a key technology in the computer field. Hinton's Back Propagation (BP) algorithm, LeCun's promotion of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Bengio's contribution to Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are the basis for the leap-forward development of image recognition, speech recognition, natural language processing, etc. .
AI high-level talents gather in the United States
There are a total of 155,408 high-level talents in the global artificial intelligence field, and a total of 17,368 high-level talents in the field of artificial intelligence in China.
Judging from the distribution of AI high-level scholars by country, the United States has the largest number of AI high-level scholars, with 1244 person-times, accounting for 62.2%. China ranks second after the United States with 196 person-times, accounting for 9.8%.
Chinese AI high-level scholars are mainly distributed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions. Beijing is still the domestic city with the largest number of AI high-level scholars, with 79.
Among the TOP10 institutions with high-level scholars in the global artificial intelligence field, the overall number of high-level scholars in American institutions is far ahead. At the top of the list is Google in the United States, with 185 people. Tsinghua University is the only Chinese institution to be included in the TOP10, and the rest are all US institutions.
From the perspective of the number of papers in sub-fields, the development of American universities and scientific and technological institutions in various subdivisions of AI is relatively balanced, and more than 10 sub-fields such as natural language processing, chip technology, machine learning, information retrieval and mining, human-computer interaction, etc. The development of the field is in the leading position in the world.
China's AI institutions are strong in the fields of speech recognition, classic AI, computer networks, multimedia, visualization, and the Internet of Things, and have all entered the world's leading ranks.
China leads the world in AI patent applications
In the past ten years, the number of patent applications in the field of artificial intelligence in China was 389,571, ranking first in the world, accounting for 74.7% of the global total and 8.2 times that of the second-ranked United States. In general, the number of patent applications related to artificial intelligence in China is on the rise year by year, and the growth rate has accelerated significantly after 2015.
Annual trend of China's artificial intelligence patent applications
(Patent application data as of October 2020)
Artificial intelligence technology empowers the development of social people's livelihood
At present, artificial intelligence technology is deeply integrated with traditional industries, and is widely used in transportation, medical care, education, industry and other fields. It can effectively reduce labor costs, optimize products and services, and create new markets and employment. Bring a revolutionary change.
Machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, speech recognition, computer vision, computer graphics, robotics, human-computer interaction, databases, information retrieval and recommendation, knowledge graphs, knowledge engineering, data mining, data mining, security and privacy, deep neural Artificial intelligence technologies such as networks, visualization, and the Internet of Things have been introduced into application scenarios such as electronic medical records, image diagnosis, medical robots, health management, remote diagnosis, new drug development, and gene sequencing in the medical field;
Application scenarios such as smart customer acquisition, identity recognition, smart risk control, smart investment advisory, smart customer service, mobile payment, and business process optimization introduced into the financial field;
Smart adaptive learning, educational robots, smart campus, smart classroom, smart question bank, voice evaluation, human-computer dialogue, educational assistance and other scenarios introduced into the education field,
It has also been introduced into the manufacturing field of smart factories, engineering design, engineering process design, manufacturing, CIMS, generation scheduling, fault diagnosis, smart logistics, smart MES production information management system, etc.,
As well as smart government affairs, urban command centers, urban public safety, logistics and building service systems, energy systems, transportation systems, urban environmental management systems, smart homes, medical systems, automatic driving, and other application scenarios introduced into the field of urban management.
In the future, artificial intelligence will develop more in the direction of reinforcement learning, neuromorphic hardware, knowledge graphs, intelligent robots, and interpretable AI.
At present, more than 10 countries and regions, including the United States, China, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, and Canada, have issued AI-related national development strategies or policy plans to support the future development of AI.
Almost all of these countries regard artificial intelligence as a cutting-edge and strategic technology that leads the future and reshapes the structure of traditional industries, actively promotes the development and application of artificial intelligence, and focuses on the training of artificial intelligence talent teams. This is an important historical opportunity for the future development of AI.
Based on the analysis of the maturity curve of artificial intelligence technology in 2020 and combining with the development status of artificial intelligence, this report predicts that the key development directions of artificial intelligence in the next ten years include: reinforcement learning, neuromorphic hardware, knowledge graphs, intelligent robots, Explainable AI, digital ethics, knowledge-guided natural language processing, etc.
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