The rise of digital government is the self-adaptation of government departments to the evolution of the economy to a digital form, and it is also a key measure for my country to deepen reforms and empower the development of the digital economy. In the face of changes in the characteristics and challenges of the market system under the conditions of the digital economy, this article proposes that the core of digital government empowerment is to enhance market functions, and then to better play the role of the market; the key to empowerment lies in the release of elements, the cultivation of entities, and market order Effective maintenance and dynamic adjustment and innovation of public policies.
Combining with the practice in developed regions, this article extracts five innovative paths for digital government empowerment, including the release of elements based on data openness, coordinated promotion based on rapid response, subject cultivation based on credit profile, market regulation based on online co-management, and scenario based Related policy innovation; and on how to further strengthen the empowerment of digital government, it is proposed to build an integrated government service platform to enhance inter-regional linkage and collaboration, and to enhance the application efficiency of digital government through innovative competitions in service scenarios, and to use technical guarantees and institutional norms Strengthen the credibility of the digital government, and enhance the autonomy of the digital government with the cultivation of the digital capabilities of leading cadres.
Keywords: digital economy; digital government; enabling logic; market enhancement
I. Introduction
At present, my country's economic development has entered a new stage with the digital economy as the core driving force. The digital economy accounts for more than 30% of GDP and contributes more than 60% to GDP growth. Different from the traditional economy, the digital economy uses digital knowledge and information as key production factors, and promotes the deep integration and rapid development of digital technology and the real economy through digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. The emergence of new technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, as well as the emergence of new formats such as the sharing economy, unmanned driving, and digital currency, has caused great changes in the characteristics of the market system, and also brought greater challenges to the original governance model . Facing various phenomena such as ambiguity of data property rights, monopoly of platform companies, and rampant e-commerce fakes, government governance generally faces problems such as lack of services, lack of rules, and lack of supervision.
Properly handling the relationship between the government and the market is the key to stable, long-term and healthy economic development. Changes in economic patterns will naturally put new demands on the superstructure. In order to adapt to the digital wave, accelerating the construction of digital government has become an important practice for the government to optimize governance. Driven by the central government's policies and local innovations such as "run at most once" and "no-face-to-face approval", my country's digital government construction has accelerated in an all-round way. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee proposed to "establish and improve the system and rules for the use of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and other technical means for administrative management. Promote the construction of digital government, strengthen the orderly sharing of data, and protect personal information in accordance with the law." The concept of digital means to broaden the governance system and enhance governance capabilities has been further strengthened.
Whether the establishment of government functions can be coordinated with market development is the most important factor and the most obvious sign in the modernization process [1]. Digital technology has given government governance new tools and methods. Many scholars have conducted many discussions on specific issues such as digital government's business processes, technical architecture, and platform components, but to some extent they have overlooked that the construction of digital government should better promote market performance The role is the fundamental orientation of the foothold. It is difficult for a weak government to support a strong market, but a strong and innocent government cannot support a strong and good market [2]. As the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee emphasized, the key to speeding up the transformation of development mode with deepening economic system reform is to give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources and to give better play to the role of the government. When only emphasizing the accuracy and predictability of big data, even if optimists believe that it is expected to solve the information problem required by the planned economy, the construction of digital government will undoubtedly deviate from the direction and cause serious violations of the role of the market.
Based on the actual demands of the development of the digital economy, we believe that the essence of the construction of digital government is: in the process of promoting the adaptation of production relations to productivity, and the superstructure to the economic foundation, how the government uses modern and digital concepts and methods to optimize the relationship with the market Relationship, with the improvement of market function as the key goal, and creatively promote the overall improvement of the competitiveness of the digital economy. How to make the digital government a promising government and accelerate the cultivation of an effective market that supports the high-quality development of the digital economy has become the focus of this article. The remaining content of this article is arranged as follows: The second part is about the characteristics of the market system under the conditions of the digital economy and the challenges it faces; the third part is the internal logic of the digital government to enable the development of the digital economy; the fourth part is the digital government to enable the development of the digital economy Innovation path; The fifth part is countermeasures and suggestions to further strengthen the empowerment of digital government.
2. Characteristic changes and challenges of the market system under the conditions of the digital economy
Since the 1970s, the development of the digital economy has gone through an electronic phase characterized by stand-alone applications and a network phase characterized by Internet applications. It is currently entering an intelligent phase driven by big data. The process of electronization, networking and intelligence has changed the structure of production factors and the behavior of producers and consumers in the market system, forming a different market object, market subject and market carrier structure.
(1) Changes in the characteristics of the market system under the conditions of the digital economy
1. Data as the object structure of key production factors. In the factor market, data has become a key factor in addition to labor, capital, technology, management, and natural resources. The analysis, mining, and utilization of data contain great value. The output value of my country's big data industry reached 850 billion yuan in 2019 and is expected to exceed one trillion yuan in 2020. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee proposed for the first time to improve the mechanism for data elements to be contributed by market evaluation and remuneration determined by contribution. This shows that data elements have developed from the input stage to the output and distribution stage, and there is a strong demand for capitalization. In the product market, the development of the digital economy has spawned many smart products and new types of services represented by software services, e-commerce, and digital cultural creation. According to statistics, the scale of my country's information consumption in 2018 was about 5 trillion yuan, of which the scale of information service consumption exceeded that of information products for the first time, and structural changes have occurred. More importantly, both smart products and digital services are constantly generating large amounts of data, showing a development trend of "products as elements".
2. The main structure led by platform companies. The scale of transaction entities in the digital economy is extremely large, and the long tail theory has fully demonstrated that digitalization has greatly expanded the scope of consumer participation, making many niche markets possible. On the supply side, the rise of platform companies is a prominent phenomenon in the development of the global digital economy. The so-called platform company refers to an organization that connects two or more specific groups and stimulates cross-border network effects to profit from it by meeting the needs of each group [3]. Harvard University Thomas Eisman's research found that 60 of the world's 100 largest companies have their main income derived from platform business models. As of December 2019, 8 of the world's top ten companies by market value are platform companies, with a market value of US$6.23 trillion.
3. Borderless, all-weather carrier structure. In the digital economy, the natural borderlessness of the Internet has broken the geographical and time constraints of market transactions, and the formation of a global, all-weather ubiquitous market has changed the carrier structure of the traditional market. At present, more than 12% of cross-border goods trade in the world has been realized through digital platforms. In 2019, the online retail sales of consumer goods in my country exceeded 10 trillion yuan, accounting for 25.8% of total retail sales. The ubiquity of the trading market and China Unicom have brought about extensive reorganization and aggregation of market resources, market transactions have become more convenient, the interactive behavior of market entities has become more frequent and diverse, online collaboration has increased significantly, and competition and cooperation between enterprises have become more complicated. The success or failure of the rise and fall is also accelerating.
(2) Challenges brought by new changes in the market system
Under the current market conditions of the digital economy, the freedom of flow of elements and commodities, the fairness of market competition, and the effectiveness of market contract implementation are all facing huge challenges, forming an urgent demand for government empowerment.
1. The lag in the construction of the data element market. The free flow of elements is the basic guarantee for high-quality development. Compared with the rapid development of the digital economy, the market construction of data elements in my country is obviously lagging behind. First, many businesses of enterprises, governments, and society have not yet been digitized, and most of the existing data has a single format, weak timeliness, and uneven quality; second, data transactions have value uncertainty and ambiguity in the scope of rights, and market transactions lack accuracy. Various standards such as access, privacy protection, security classification, quality value assessment, and data interface. The greatest value of clear property rights is to encourage market entities to form investment motives. However, under current conditions, various entities are unwilling to spend large investments or trade existing high-quality data. Limited by the scale, type, and quality of data, the data applications of enterprises are mainly concentrated in limited scenarios such as precision marketing. The illegally sourced and unprocessed black market data are mainly used for commercial killing, precision fraud, human flesh search and other bad behaviors, which has further caused disorder in the data element market.
2. Market monopoly caused by platform companies. The market subject structure formed by the empowerment of digital technology has given birth to a new power structure. Platform companies have become a local market, where many market players conduct economic activities and social interactions. Faced with the pressure of international competition, even Internet giants such as Alibaba and Tencent face serious existential threats. At present, these companies are accelerating their entry into the industrial Internet, digital government, and smart cities through mergers and acquisitions and business expansion. Enriching application scenarios and further expanding the industrial ecosystem has become the only choice for platform companies to compete. However, because platform companies have the dual identities of market transaction subjects and market arbiter, their behavior has natural limitations [4]. The current phenomena of big data and the infringement of the rights and interests of small and medium-sized businesses and entrepreneurs all show that issues such as equal opportunities and fair competition affect the high-quality development of the digital economy.
3. Insufficient supervision of effective contract execution. The signing of the contract does not mean the effective execution of the contract. Changes in the market carrier structure of the digital economy have enhanced the convenience of transactions, but the diversification, complexity, virtualization, and concealment of transaction entities have also produced extensive credit risks. In the process of the market moving from bounded to unbounded, market transactions are prone to chaos due to information asymmetry and imperfect legal systems. In the generalized market relationship, social capital such as reputation, reciprocity, and trust is difficult to play a role, leading to the prevalence of illegal behaviors such as fake sales, credit speculation, and online fraud. According to statistics, in 2018, the national market supervision and administration department accepted a total of 1.682 million online shopping complaints of counterfeit and shoddy, false advertisements, an increase of 126.2% over the previous year. For regulatory authorities, in the face of online, cross-field, and cross-regional massive transactions, the traditional "batch management", "emphasis on approvals and less supervision", and localized management models have fallen far behind the pace and pace.
4. The rapid response capability of the policy-making department is weak. In the development of the digital economy, the speed of product and industry upgrading is much faster than before. The rapid changes in the market place higher requirements on policy-making departments, not only to establish effective rules in market access, circulation, supervision, social integrity, market exit, and market incentives, but also to have rapid response, iterative and innovative policies. Adjustment ability. Moreover, the digital economy is a convergent economy, and many new formats such as the industrial Internet and the sharing economy involve coordination of multiple departments. However, in the traditional governance model, the response of the policy-making departments is generally lagging. It is difficult to find the corresponding laws and regulations for many new problems, or there are many political issues, and the policy and standard requirements of different departments conflict. It reflects that the policy-making departments do not have a good understanding of new technologies and new economies, and are faced with the awkward situation of unclear service targets and difficulty in adapting to the original regulatory principles and methods.
3. The internal logic of digital government empowering the development of digital economy
Digital government construction is a process in which government departments use digital technology to improve the supply of information and services, encourage people to participate in decision-making, and make the government more responsible, more transparent and effective [5]. Corresponding to the development stage of the digital economy, the construction of digital government has also gone through three stages of e-government, networking and intelligence. In the stage of intelligence, the concept of government integrity and open operation and the orientation of the service market have been further strengthened, providing a realistic foundation for empowering the development of the digital economy.
(1) Operating principle of digital government
According to the degree of digital influence, Janowski (2015) divides the construction of digital government into three changes: Transformation, Engagement, and Contextualization. Among them, "transformation" is mainly reflected in the government itself, and "participation" is mainly manifested For the changes in the relationship between the government, the people, and economic and social sectors, “scenarios” delineate the application orientation of digital government construction, such as facing sustainable development and pursuing specific public policies [6]. Compared with the process of my country's digital government construction, these three changes are inherently coupled with the three stages of e-government affairs, government affairs networking, and government affairs intelligentization experienced by digital government construction.
The construction of my country's digital government started in the early 1980s. Party and government office automation, departmental informatization, and the Jinguan, Jinka, and Jinqiao "Three Gold Projects" launched in 1993 all marked the in-depth advancement of electronic government affairs, but this stage Based on the construction of the government intranet, the focus is on transformation within the government. Since 1999, the "government online" project has been launched nationwide, and the construction of government websites has been extended to township departments. In 2002, the State Council Information Office was established, and then the "National Informatization Leading Group's Guiding Opinions on my country's E-Government Construction" was issued. The basic framework of "one station, two networks, four banks, and twelve funds" accelerated the network of government services. It is also in the ten years since then that the number of Internet users in my country has ushered in explosive growth, especially in 2014, the proportion of mobile Internet surfing exceeded that of desktop computers for the first time, providing a basis for the public and enterprises to obtain online access and flexibly participate in government services. In March 2015, "Internet +" appeared in the government work report for the first time. In July of the same year, the "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Promotion of "Internet + Government Services"" was issued, indicating the active orientation of government departments in promoting the network of government affairs . At the end of 2016, the "run at most once" reform was proposed for the first time in Zhejiang, which means that the scene-based innovation of my country's digital government construction has accelerated. Based on the original electronic and networked foundations, the government is moving towards a higher level of policy supply and service. At this stage, scenarioization becomes dominant, and the government is forced to accelerate internal transformation and strengthen public participation driven by data intelligence. Opening data to the society and seeking solutions together has become an important part of the data application at this stage [7].
(2) The fundamental orientation of digital government to empower the digital economy
The so-called empowerment refers to providing a new method, path and possibility for the action subject to achieve the goal [8]. Looking back at the evolution of digital government, it can be seen that the rise of digital government is the self-adaptation of government departments to the evolution of the economy to the digital form. However, passive and simplified adaptation cannot support the orderly development of the digital economy: First, economic development in a transitional period will inevitably face changes in the rules of the game and the pattern of interests, and government departments need to participate in removing obstacles to reform. The second is that the more advanced the economic system, the more demanding a high level of coordination of diversified market activities. Compared with the traditional economy, the coordination activities of the digital economy are more complicated. The diversification of market entities, the generalization of credit risks, and the intensification of platform monopoly all fully illustrate this point. In the face of market coordination failures, government departments must and must play an active role in the cultivation of the market system.
But this kind of proactiveness is by no means a comprehensive intervention in the microeconomic process. Under the influence of digital technology, the government is closer to the market than ever before, and can obtain real-time behavioral data and operating data of market entities in a more convenient way and at a lower cost. In practice, when there is too much emphasis on the whole process, all-round, and "worldwide network" intervention in the market to obtain data, and even active and passive collusion formed by the capture of capital power and technology platforms, the "supporting hand" that digital government should have will evolve into With "predatory hands", the sense of security and innovative vitality of market entities will be severely restrained.
On this point, Masahiko Aoki’s "market enhancement theory" provides an important perspective for understanding the fundamental orientation of digital government empowerment. The theory of market enhancement transcends the "market-friendly view" and "developmental state view". It believes that the government and the market are not substitutes for each other, or either. Coordination failures are common in economic development. As a participant in the economic system, the government also faces the problem of insufficient information. When it is impossible to judge what is the best solution, excessive intervention will limit the diversification of the market and various coordinated experiments. But this does not negate the role of the government, but should shift the focus of its role to promote the development and coordination of market entities such as enterprises and financial intermediaries, and guide them to enhance their ability to solve market failures. Encouraging market entities to make diversified attempts and gradual exploration of coordinated activities is the key to enhancing market function [9]. The theory discusses the development of industrial economy, but the relevant arguments are still valid in the digital economy environment. First, coordination failures in the digital economy are widespread. Second, even governments with large amounts of data cannot cover all solutions and select the best path from them. Faced with the reality that the market system of the digital economy is not well developed, the element resources are lacking, and the market order is unstable, the fundamental orientation of digital government construction is still to promote the better functioning of the market, and the effectiveness of its empowerment is determined by whether it is for government departments Market function, to promote the development of market system and the expansion of market order provides a new method and path. If this point cannot be achieved, the so-called innovation or superiority of the governance model will not be reflected.
(3) The key link of digital government empowering digital economy
The free flow of elements and commodities, the independent operation of enterprises, fair competition, consumers' independent choice, and equal opportunity are the prerequisites for the market to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, and are also important signs of the gradual improvement of the market system [10]. Under the conditions of the digital economy market, in response to the challenges faced by development, accelerating the release of elements and the cultivation of subjects, strengthening the effective maintenance of market order, and the dynamic adjustment and innovation of public policies constitute the key link in the empowerment of digital government.
1. Release of empowering elements and cultivation of subjects. Under the logic of market enhancement, the government no longer participates in the production and supply of competitive goods and services, and the main body of the market is the core of the generation and expansion of the market system. When a large number of enterprises “build islands of conscious power in an ocean of unconscious cooperation”, supplement it with With ample production factors, the possibility of independent market coordination has greatly increased.
2. Empower the effective maintenance of market order. The most active role of the government is to strengthen and develop each subject's ability to exercise will and economic activity. A stable, standardized, fair, and transparent institutional environment will greatly reduce the transaction costs of spontaneous coordination and cooperation among economic entities, creating favorable conditions for decentralized coordination experiments and cracking market failures.
3. Enabling the dynamic adjustment and innovation of public policies. In a large sense, government capacity is reflected in the ability to effectively formulate and implement public policies. The logic of coordination failure cannot justify policy intervention, but it cannot be seen as a reason to weaken the role of the government. The government tends to use market mechanisms to solve coordination problems under the guidance of market enhancement, but the specific effect depends on the perfection of the market system. As long as there are externalities or multi-subject coordination problems, there is room for public policy. In all stages and important links of market development, whether the construction of digital government can assess the situation and make dynamic adjustments and innovations of public policies based on changes in the capabilities of the private sector and actual needs. This is essential for whether it can effectively play the role of market development guide and booster Vital.
Fourth, the innovative path for digital government to empower the development of digital economy
According to statistics, in 2018, the national government funded bidding projects involved 149.646 billion yuan in information industry procurement, an increase of 28.62% over the previous year. Among them, the Internet of Things, big data, information security, artificial intelligence and other hot digital technology purchases were 30.985 billion yuan. An increase of 41.64% over the previous year. It can be seen that the construction of digital government itself provides a stable source of demand for the development of the digital economy. More importantly, based on the openness of public data, rapid response to market demand, credit profile of market entities, online collaborative co-management, and policy innovation under scenario correlation, my country's digital government construction has gradually explored and formed an innovative path that empowers the development of the digital economy.
(1) Release of elements based on data openness
After the e-government and networking stage, the government has accumulated a large amount of basic data, process data and result data. At the same time, government departments are important nodes connecting economic and social sectors. From enterprises to residents, from services to consumption, they can reach The data can be described as all-encompassing. Data openness is an important choice for government departments to actively provide public goods and release the core element of data. Data openness gives market entities the right to call public data, and encourages them to use technological advantages and service experience to explore the potential value of public data. Similar to Apple's AppStore, the government data open platform has become a "Gov Store". A large number of application innovations promote the flow and combination of data elements, and provide conditions for the formation and improvement of the data market. At present, data opening has become an important breakthrough in the construction of digital governments in various places. Take Shanghai as an example. In September 2019, the country's first public data opening regulations were issued, focusing on opening up data in the fields of finance, medical care, tourism, transportation, energy, and urban management, and using joint innovation laboratories to promote the value creation of public data. For example, in the field of financial inclusion, more than 300 data such as taxation, social security payment, housing provident fund, market supervision, invention patents, scientific and technological enterprise identification, environmental penalties, trademarks, judicial judgments, etc. have been centralized and opened to enrich the credit product system for the banking sector. Strengthened support for SME services.
(2) Coordination and promotion based on quick response
In the face of the agility of interactive behavior of market entities and the iterative of interactive relationships, strengthening rapid response has become an important guide for government departments to promote market coordination. The construction of digital government has realized the "dual online" between the government and market entities. In the face of diversified needs, the government has promoted "one reception at the front desk and collaborative processing at the back office" through cross-departmental, cross-system, and cross-jurisdictional business integration. Under the original functional framework The steady-state service of the company is transformed into agile service under the demand framework. The modes of "mobile office", "24-hour online service" and "government second batch" provide multi-category and multi-channel convenient services. Due to the dynamic changes of the market, it is difficult to say that the digital government has achieved precise service or demand forecasting, but it does bring about rapid iteration and continuous adjustment of government service capabilities. The online flow of business can promptly discover the complicated procedures, redundant links and redundant licenses in the administrative approval process. When existing services do not match the needs of the enterprise, digital technology applications and big data analysis can be used to find problems and quickly adapt. The reduced transaction costs and time saved by simplifying business establishment, reducing the project approval process, and "only entering one door" and "maximum running once" in business operations provide huge space for market entities to accelerate independent coordination and carry out decentralized experiments. .
(3) Subject cultivation based on credit profile
In the practice of digital government, the development, sharing, and opening of credit information on market entities is more convenient, and the value of credit-based supervision is further highlighted. First, the rapid sharing of credit information between departments has been achieved. Red and black lists, credit evaluations, and the improvement of credit files have provided support for departmental business collaboration. The second is that the "dual online" of the government and enterprises provides the possibility for transparency and scenario innovation of credit evaluation. Take Hangzhou as an example. In the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, the government and business platform "Qinqing Online" was first launched. One of the functions was "Enterprises do not need to submit any materials, and government policies are paid online." During this period, some companies violated their promises and the government Relying on data technology, the department timely discovered and disclosed its untrustworthy behavior. This "through train" online service provides the government with multiple credit evaluation dimensions and evaluation channels. Third, the opening of public credit data has effectively stimulated the active participation of social credit evaluation agencies, which is conducive to speeding up the improvement of the social credit system. The credit profile of market entities provides support for the government to implement joint rewards and punishments and scientific supervision, and also creates a good credit environment for the development of the digital economy. In the 2019 government work report, the term credit supervision appeared for the first time, which means that the supervision mechanism with credit evaluation as the core will become an important starting point for the cultivation of digital economy market entities.
(4) Market regulation based on online co-management
In response to the borderless, all-weather and ubiquitous market carrier structure of the digital economy, government departments have also used online joint law enforcement and social participation in co-management to strengthen market regulations. Take Zhejiang Province as an example. In 2018, the province established the country's first market supervision Internet law enforcement case handling platform, which realized various links including reporting, filing, investigation, service, proof, notification, review, punishment, payment, and publicity. The whole process is online, in order to accelerate the comprehensive law enforcement of market supervision, and strive to solve the problems of difficulty in finding, landing, obtaining evidence, and enforcement in traditional Internet-related cases. At the same time, digital transformation has created conditions for market players and social forces to participate in governance on a larger scale and at a deeper level. The online co-management model of social participation brings together different subjects and diversified supervision ideas, methods and tools, which is conducive to the more accurate detection of problems by government departments and the search for practical solutions. Under the operating logic of platformization and ecologicalization, the digital government has fully stimulated the market and social sectors to participate in the market and social sectors with the concept of "platform to platform" and "ecology to ecology", and has formed a regulatory pattern that checks and balances and interacts with platform companies. It has played a positive role in strengthening platform governance and protecting the rights and interests of participating users.
(5) Policy innovation based on scenario correlation
In the process of coordinating the market, government departments have the value of participation only if they provide information that is not available in the market. Digital government is a synthesis of service scenarios. The diversification of scenarios promotes the shift of government data from a single source to multi-source heterogeneous. The data association of different scenarios builds a "nervous system" for the government to perceive social, economic, and environmental aspects. For the government itself, strengthening the monitoring, forecasting, and analysis capabilities of macroeconomic trends will help optimize decision-making. For market players, the digital government gathers and coordinates information from different companies and industries, and comprehensive information disclosure based on scenario correlation and policy innovation can provide diversified and multi-faceted cognitive references for market decisions. Take Hangzhou as an example. During the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, the health code was first introduced on February 11, 2020, and it became the national standard in a short time. The health code comprehensively uses the data of government affairs, telecom operators, Internet companies and other parties. According to the principle of "data is available and not visible", the "red, yellow and green code" generation specifications are set to effectively distinguish between close contacts and people from key epidemic areas. , Healthy people greatly facilitate the management of enterprises' resumption of work. In addition, the industrial chain power resumption index launched by various regions also provides a systematic reference for market resumption decision-making, forming a good market guidance.
5. Countermeasures and suggestions to further strengthen the empowerment of digital government
It is true that the construction of my country's digital government is still in its infancy, and the above-mentioned generalizations of innovation paths are mostly derived from the practical observations of some developed regions, including ideal constructs and discussion of potential possibilities. Compared with reality, it can be found that my country's digital government construction is facing problems such as insufficient top-level design, fragmentation of departmental business applications, segmentation of government services, low level of data resource development and utilization, limited support for scientific decision-making, and serious imbalances in regional development. The potential of the government to empower the development of the digital economy is far from being realized. To change this pattern, this article puts forward the following suggestions.
(1) Enhance inter-regional linkage and coordination with the construction of an integrated platform for government services
In order to enhance the "one-stop" service capabilities of government departments at all levels and to enable the development of the digital economy on a larger scale, the top-level design should be further optimized, and the integrated construction of public support and comprehensive guarantee for my country's government services should be accelerated. The first is to promote the integration and intensive construction of infrastructure, and give full play to the role of the national government service platform as the general hub of public entrances, public passages, and public support to prevent repeated construction and waste of investment; the second is to accelerate the promotion of cross-regional, cross-level, and cross-level government data resources. Cross-departmental sharing and exchange, speed up the construction of basic, thematic, and business information resource catalogs, and further clarify the scope of unconditional, conditional, and non-sharing; third, the allocation of government resources has changed from segmentation to global deployment. We will comprehensively promote the “one-network service”. Except as otherwise provided by laws and regulations or involving state secrets, all government service matters are included in the platform for handling, and standard coordination of service matters and work processes is promoted nationwide.
(2) Enhance the application efficiency of digital government with innovative competitions in service scenarios
In the context of the in-depth promotion of the national integrated government service platform, local governments have become an important interface connecting local needs and national government resources, and accordingly have become competitors in the innovation of government service scenarios. At present, government services are gradually shifting from a single, shallow level of demand satisfaction to a diversified, deep level of demand satisfaction, and the complexity and innovative requirements of business are constantly increasing. Whether it can continuously launch new application scenarios such as "run at most once", "government second approval", "health code", and "electricity resumption index" has become a new cornerstone for optimizing the business environment and an important indicator of the effective empowerment of digital government. In this process, whether it is data opening, government service, credit profile, market supervision and policy innovation, all links need government departments to strengthen the concept of ecological construction. In other words, who can mobilize the participation motivation and information sharing of internal and external subjects on a larger scale and to the greatest extent will win this competition. Therefore, in order to improve the application efficiency of digital government construction, an incentive system should be constructed based on the integration of scenario innovation and ecological construction, and local governments should be encouraged to create more smart government "explosive products."
(3) Strengthen the credibility of digital government with technical guarantees and institutional norms
The reliability of digital government construction is facing two challenges: on the one hand, it is technical security, which needs to solve the problems of infrastructure security, sensitive data, and personal privacy protection; on the other hand, it is the standardization of the system. With help, how to prevent the government’s “supporting hand” from turning into a “predatory hand”? For this reason, in the process of driving digital government empowerment, it is necessary to simultaneously strengthen the security of technology and the standardization of the system: first, establish security The bottom-line thinking of the company, adhere to the independent and controllable technology, establish a sound security protection system, and ensure the stable, efficient and healthy operation of physical facilities, networks, platforms, applications, data and other levels; the second is to establish a security assessment mechanism for data flow, clearly The security level and flow mechanism of different data resources strengthen the guiding role of data market transactions and the privacy protection of personal and legal person information; the third is to strengthen the legal protection of digital government operations, optimize business processes in accordance with laws and regulations, and ensure that the law is not authorized The statutory duty must be, and at the same time strengthen the law enforcement supervision in the digital government operation and maintenance, rely on electronic supervision to achieve the whole process of keeping traces and documented, and regulate and restrict the operation of power.
(4) Enhance the autonomy of digital government with the cultivation of digital capabilities of leading cadres
The huge technical framework system in the construction of digital government puts forward high requirements on the scientific and technological literacy and ability of the staff. Good at obtaining data, analyzing data and using data have become the basic skills of leading cadres. The traditional leadership cadre training system mainly focuses on the improvement of the political literacy, leadership and coordination capabilities of the cadre team, which is far from the ideals, knowledge, and capabilities required for digital government operations. In addition, the construction of digital government mainly relies on external contractors. There is a general lack of technical talents in governments at all levels, and it is difficult to review the professionalism and norms of external personnel. The existence of "algorithm black boxes" and other issues are largely independent of digital government construction. Sex brings greater challenges. In order to prevent the construction of digital government from being captured by powerful capital forces and leading to a larger-scale monopoly in the development of the digital economy, government departments should accelerate the cultivation and construction of a young and professional team with proficient business, sophisticated technology and high quality, and effectively improve Digital government operations and management capabilities.
Source: "Learning and Exploration"
Author: Communist deputy director of Zhejiang Provincial Party School Digital Development Strategy Research Center, Associate Professor, Doctor of Management researcher at the Institute of Industrial Economics of CASS Xu Meng Zhou Lu iron
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