Chapter 1: Introduction to Software Engineering
1. What is software?
①A collection of programs, data, and related documents.
Program: A sequence of instructions for function execution.
Data: A data structure that enables the program to manipulate information.
Documents: Graphic materials
②Interdependence with hardware
2. Software features:
① Logical entity abstract
② Different production and hardware, no obvious manufacturing process
③ No aging and mechanical wear
④ Limited by hardware
⑤ Not getting rid of manual operation
⑥ Actual problems and complicated logical structure
⑦ High cost
⑧ Social factors involved
3. Classification of
software ①Function ②Software scale ③Work mode ④Scope of software service ⑤Usage frequency ⑥The influence of software failure
4. Software development stage
①program design stage 50-60s machine language assembly
②program system stage 60-70s workshop style
③software engineering stage 70s-present documentation, productization
Software crisis: causes, manifestations, solutions
5. Life cycle
Concept: the survival process of gestation, birth, growth, maturity, and decline
Model:
① waterfall model 
②b model
③ rapid prototyping model
④ incremental model
⑤ spiral model 
⑥ fountain model 
6. Software Engineering
(1) concept: modern science and technology program design and construction documents for the development of maintenance-related operation.
(2) Three elements: methods, tools, and processes
(3) Goals:
①Low cost
②Easy to transplant functions and performance ③Low
maintenance costs
④Complete development tasks on time
(4) Principles:
①Decomposability ②Consistency ③Independence④ Completeness