The ancients said: "Living to be old, learning to be old." The Internet is one of the hardest industries. "Working overtime" is a "routine meal" for engineers. At the same time, Internet technology is changing with each passing day. Many engineers are struggling to cope and complain. . As a result, there has been a widespread misunderstanding for a long time: 35 years old is the end of a programmer's job.
How to accumulate technology and build personal core competitiveness in busy work is a question that many engineers are thinking about. This article is a summary of my own, trying to answer from three aspects:
- The first part explains some learning principles. At any time, following some proven principles is an important factor affecting efficiency, and the correct method is the secret of success.
- Another important factor to improve work and study efficiency is confusion and a good attitude. The second part analyzes some typical confusions I encountered and saw in my work.
- Becoming an excellent architect is the phased goal of most junior and intermediate engineers. The third part analyzes the competence model of the architect, so that everyone has a clearer understanding of the capabilities required by the target.
How should we learn? The following are some of my own experiences, hoping to help some colleagues. (At the end of the article, the recently compiled PDF documents are reproduced.)
In the busy work, perseverance, continuous learning and progress is an arduous task that requires strong perseverance and firm determination. If the method is improper, it will get twice the result with half the effort. Fortunately, our ancients and current philosophers have summarized many excellent learning methodologies. Here are some important principles. Following these methods will definitely benefit everyone's work and study.
Persistence
It is reported that the amount of knowledge in the past few decades has exceeded the total amount of knowledge in the previous thousands of years. The computer field is definitely one of the areas with the fastest update of contemporary knowledge. Therefore, engineers must accept the reality that the profound knowledge system they now master will soon be eliminated. If you want to continue to be an excellent architect in the computer field, you must keep learning and master the latest technology. In short, it is impossible to learn.
The so-called "frozen three feet, it is not a day's cold, water drop and stone, not a day's work", the road to the architect is long and arduous. If you give up easily, all your efforts will be in vain. If you want to be a good architect, you have to persevere!
Although knowledge is updated very quickly, the basic theory changes very slowly. This is the relationship between "Dao" and "Xiang". Even though there are all phenomena in the world, Tao is invariably changeable. For those very basic theoretical knowledge, we need to review it frequently, that is, "learning and learning from time to time".
Value practice
The ancients said: "It is always shallow on paper, and you must practice it." There is the so-called 721 model in the field of learning: 70% of personal growth comes from job practice, 20% from learning from others, and 10% from training. Although this theory is controversial, it is generally good for engineers to rank the importance according to the way of practice, learning and training. Therefore, attach importance to practice and grow in practice is the most important learning principle.
There are two kinds of human cognition: perceptual cognition and rational cognition. These two cognitions are irreplaceable. To a large extent, practice comes from perceptual learning, and reading books is more like rational learning. Taking learning to drive a car as an example, it is hard to imagine anyone who can drive a car only by studying books.
Book knowledge is mainly about evangelism-telling abstract archetypes, but the description of its specific application scenarios is often vague, and the relationship between abstract archetypes is also a bit of a taste. Using the same precise language to describe application scenarios and relationships will lose focus and make people confused. So, just reading a book to grow is like walking on one leg.
Paying attention to practice, making full use of perceptual cognitive potential, and tempering yourself in projects is the correct way to learn. In practice, deliberate practice on certain key movements will also achieve a multiplier effect with half the effort.
Value communication
Newton said: "If I see farther than others, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants." We need to learn from others. Learning from teachers, leaders, colleagues, subordinates and even opponents is an important means of rapid growth.
Learning from teachers and leaders is already part of people's habits. But learning from colleagues and even opponents is also important because these people are more similar to ourselves. So observe more, take the best and discard the shortcomings. For the little brothers and subordinates of the team, we must also "not ashamed to ask."
In addition, it is also very important to actively participate in the discussion of specific schemes in the project. Participants perceive the relevant background a priori, and the opinions and suggestions discussed are also a synthesis of the speakers' multiple knowledge and skills. Therefore, the discussion allows participants to have a very comprehensive and three-dimensional understanding of book knowledge. At the same time, when discussing with masters, their views will be like a pruner cutting branches, quickly cutting out the doubts in their field of knowledge.
Pay attention to summary and output
Engineers will master a lot of details in practice, but even if they master all the details, but do not have a deep summary and thinking, they will fall into the situation of "learning without thinking and failing". The "quantitative change" of growth comes from the gradual and in-depth control of details, while the real "qualitative change" comes from a deeper understanding of "Tao".
Exporting experience and accepting others' tests is a high-level summary. This kind of output not only helps others, but also benefits oneself. There are many ways to summarize, including organizing sharing, writing technical articles, and so on. Of course, "three times in Japan" is also a good way to summarize. In short, sum up a lot and share a lot.
Answering other people's questions is also an important means of personal growth. Sometimes, I don't understand a certain problem, but when I explain it to others, it suddenly becomes clear. Therefore, "teaching people tirelessly" benefits others and benefits themselves.
Pay attention to planning
Forewarned is forearmed, without prejudging the waste. For a long learning career, a good plan is half the battle.
long term planning
The implementation of long-term planning requires perseverance and determination, but correct long-term planning also requires far-sighted vision, super sensitive nerves and the luck of winning the jackpot. For most people, long-term planning is mainly "setting the direction." However, following the following principles can reduce the probability of making directional errors:
- Stay away from the industry at sunset.
- Do what interests you.
- Do things that accumulate.
- Watch as you walk, don't walk all the way to the dark.
Short-term planning
Good short-term planning should strike a balance between life, growth, performance and promotion. Most companies will formulate an assessment cycle-at least one month, as long as a year. Therefore, the assessment cycle may be used as a short-term learning planning cycle. Essentially, planning is a multi-objective optimization problem. It has a series of theoretical solutions, which are not detailed here. Based on related theories, I give a simple and easy solution:
- Prioritize goals. For example: growth, life, performance.
- Determine the lower limit of each goal. From the perspective of optimization theory, this is called a constraint. For example, the performance must be above average, the previously planned trip cannot be changed, and you must read "Effective Java" and so on.
- Prioritize the allocation of sufficient resources to the lower limit target. For example, if a pre-planned trip takes 10 days, these 10 days must be budgeted out.
- Allocate resources sequentially in the order of each main target. For example, the time allocated for learning is 10 days.
- Under a given learning budget, set learning goals and be radical. Then give the implementation plan. For example, the learning goal is to master basic statistics and become a Java expert. The specific plan is to complete the reading of the four books "Effective Java", "Java Performance", "Design Pattern" and "Head First Statistics".
- Sort the learning tasks in the plan according to the target priority, and start the task with the highest priority first. For example, if the highest priority is to master statistical theory, then you must read "Head First Statistics" first.
For this program, pay attention to the following points:
- The minimum goal must be a goal that can be easily achieved, otherwise, from the perspective of optimization theory, the proposition has no solution. For example, something like "Complete the promotion twice in half a year, perform all S, and become a Java expert from a rookie" is not suitable as a minimum goal. In short, we must distinguish between ideals and dreams.
- The main goal planning must have a certain degree of challenge, and it is necessary to plan out the impossible goals. Over-planning is essentially a greedy algorithm whose purpose is to maximize the value of the target. Because everything is variable, if other goals can be completed ahead of time, you might as well use these time to complete more learning goals. In short, the future must be bright and the road must be bumpy.
- Resources may not necessarily be shared between goals, and plans may not conflict with each other.
In addition, short-term planning can also be optimized from the following aspects:
- It is best to combine the study plan with the work plan, combine theory with practice, and quickly apply what you have learned. For example, if you plan to do some data analysis this quarter, you might as well set the learning goal as learning statistics.
- To be flexible about the planned goals and specific implementation steps, it is necessary to avoid "Zheng people buying shoes" jokes. Facing new challenges and changes, planning needs to be adjusted continuously.
summary
This article summarizes some of the above methods on how to learn based on some of their own experiences. If you feel rewarded after reading it, then start to act, act one day early, and one day from success.
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