The “new infrastructure” currently officially identified mainly covers seven major areas: 5G base station construction, UHV, inter-city high-speed railway and urban rail transit, new energy vehicle charging piles, big data centers, artificial intelligence, and industrial Internet. Among them, 5G is in the new The primacy of infrastructure.
Today, the editor shares a piece of "5G Development and Scenario Implementation from the Perspective of New Infrastructure" produced by Investor Network·Investor Research Institute.
5G overview
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What is 5G?
5G (5th-Generation) refers to the fifth-generation mobile communication technology, which is an extension of 4G technology. The theoretical transmission speed of 5G can reach 10GB/s, which is 100 times that of 4G. In the 4G era, we may need to wait for more than ten minutes to download a movie, while in the 5G era, it only takes a few seconds to complete. If 5G can be fully rolled out, everything can be connected wirelessly in the future, opening a new chapter in the Internet of Everything.
As an important part of the new infrastructure, 5G continues to integrate with AI, big data and other technologies with its characteristics of high speed, low latency, and large connections to promote the development of multiple fields such as medical and health, industrial production, media and entertainment, and promote industrial upgrading , To ease the downward pressure on my country's economy and inject new vitality into economic development.
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Evolution of mobile communication technology
Evolution of mobile communication technology
5G and 4G technology comparison
The evolution of 5G technical standards
· On July 9, 2020, the 35th (ITU-R WP5D#35e) meeting of the International Telecommunication Union’s Wireless Communications Department was concluded. At the meeting, the 3GPP standard was determined to be the 5G standard recognized by the ITU, and it was also the only standard.
· 3GPP (International Standards Organization) officially announced the freezing of the second version of the 5G standard R16 on the evening of July 3, representing the official completion of the first version of the 5G standard R15.
R15: The 5G core network standard has been approved and frozen, and the business requirements specification and the NSA and SA system architecture specifications have been completed.
R16: The deployment of ultra-low-latency, high-reliability communication and massive machine communication means that applications such as autonomous driving and the industrial Internet will accelerate to land. It is expected that 5G R16 will be commercially available on a large scale in Q4 of 2020 or in the first half of 2021.
R17: It may resolve the specifications for further radio access network (RAN) upgrades, update existing agreements and cover more new technologies.
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Global 5G development overview
5G construction progress in major countries in the world
Since 2016, countries around the world have entered the 5G deployment stage, and currently five major regions have been formed: China, the United States, South Korea, Japan, and the European Union. From the perspective of 5G construction progress, South Korea, the United States and China are in the first echelon of global 5G development; the European Union and Japan are in the second echelon.
China's 5G development status
From the perspective of 5G patents, Chinese companies are emerging in a new round of technology cycles. According to the latest 5G industry patent report released by the internationally renowned patent data company IPLytics in 2020, there are two Chinese companies among the top ten companies with 5G-related patents in the world in 2019. Among them, Huawei ranked first in the world with 3147 patents in the 5G industry; ZTE ranked third with 2,561 patents.
From the perspective of 5G terminals, as of June 2020, my country's 5G smartphone shipments reached 17.513 million units, accounting for 61.2% of mobile phone shipments in the same period. From January to June 2020, the cumulative shipments of 5G mobile phones in the domestic market totaled 63.597 million units.
From the perspective of the proportion of domestic mobile phone market shipments and domestic 5G mobile phone shipments, there have been large fluctuations during the severe epidemic period, but the domestic shipments of new 5G phones are still on the rise, mainly due to the increase in user demand and various supplies The chain's technology for 5G is relatively mature.
5G deployment of Chinese operators
• On June 6, 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology officially issued 5G commercial licenses to China Telecom, China Mobile, China Unicom, and China Radio and Television. It has been one year since its first anniversary.
• The actual 5G capital expenditures of the three major operators in 2019 are all higher than planned expenditures. The planned 5G capital expenditures in 2020 will increase significantly, accounting for more than 50% of the overall planned expenditures in 2020.
• According to data from the operators’ public semi-annual reports, China Unicom, China Telecom, and China Mobile’s 5G-related capital expenditures in the first half of 2020 will be approximately 12.6 billion yuan, 20.153 billion yuan, and 55.2 billion yuan respectively, accounting for 36% of the 5G capital expenditure planned at the beginning of the year. 46.7%, 54.65%.
China's 5G market size forecast
According to data from the "Analysis Report on the Operation Status and Development Prospects of China's 5G Communication Equipment Industry for 2020-2025" released by Zhiyan Consulting, China's 5G communication industry will usher in explosive growth from 2020 to 2025, with the implementation of standards and the upgrading of terminal products And more mature scenarios and applications will bring economic growth to the whole society. It is estimated that in 2025, China's 5G communications market will reach 3.8 trillion yuan. At the same time, 5G communications will drive the 5G industry chain, and it is expected that the 5G industry market will reach 3.5 trillion yuan in 2025.
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5G driving factor analysis
Drivers of 5G Development: National Strategic Policy Support
National policy support is a key driving factor for the development and application of 5G technology.
Drivers of 5G Development: New Technology Application Development Demand
The development needs of industries such as the digital economy, mobile Internet and the Internet of Things are important driving forces for the development of future mobile communications, and will provide broad application prospects for 5G.
Drivers of 5G development: Consumers look forward to experience upgrades
• At the beginning of Gengzi, the outbreak of the new crown epidemic forced communities and public places to take mandatory isolation measures. Online education, online medical care, online conferences, online entertainment, etc. rose up, and user habits have changed during the epidemic. Now in the post-epidemic period, consumer demand has not diminished, and they are beginning to look forward to experience upgrades.
• Based on the advantages of 5G's high speed, low latency, and wide connection, the full implementation of 5G will surely make a qualitative leap in user experience.
• In the 3G era, social QQ and group buying are gradually becoming popular; in the 4G era, short videos, live streaming, and online games are becoming popular. With the advent of the 5G era, what products will it give birth to?
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The impact of 5G on the social economy
The contribution of 5G development to the global economy
According to IHS Markit predictions,
(1) During 2020-2035, global real GDP will maintain an average annual growth rate of 2.9%, of which 0.2% will be contributed by 5G.
(2) In 2035, global industry applications driven by 5G are expected to create about 12.3 trillion yuan in sales, accounting for 4.6% of the actual global output in 2035.
The impact of 5G development on China's economy
The development of 5G will make an important contribution to my country's GDP growth, and indirectly drive various industries and fields of the national economy to create more economic added value.
The impact of the 5G value chain on the social economy
• The investment focus of the 5G industry chain has gradually shifted from the initial basic technology research and development and network infrastructure construction to 5G applications and service products. Long-term capital investment will help promote the landing of 5G applications, thereby stimulating the output potential of the entire 5G value chain. The United States and China are expected to become the dominant players in this "long-term capital game."
• Compared with previous generations of communication technologies, 5G will become a more versatile technology. By 2035, the global 5G value chain will create 3.5 trillion US dollars in output and provide 22 million jobs; among them, China’s 5G value chain will create With an output of USD 984 billion, considering the relative size of the population and the scale of capital investment, 5G will undoubtedly create more employment opportunities for China.
The impact of 5G on the economy and society
5G Industry Chain
Introduction to 5G Industry Chain
5G core technologies include edge computing, quantum communication, IDC, and cloud computing technologies. The related industry chain consists of upstream infrastructure construction (including planning and design, base station radio frequency, baseband chips, etc.), midstream equipment network, downstream terminal equipment and application scenarios.
Upstream of the industrial chain: infrastructure construction
At present, the global 5G commercialization is gradually expanding, and my country's 5G development ranks first in the world, but there is still a lot of room for development.
Midstream of the industry chain: equipment and network
Downstream of the industry chain: terminal + application scenarios
5G typical application scenarios
5G application scenarios
5G has the three key features of high connection rate, large capacity, high density, and low latency. The Internet of Everything will become a reality due to the implementation of 5G. Application scenarios such as smart cities, smart homes, Internet of Vehicles, autonomous driving, and VR/AR are gaining momentum. The support of the network environment will have an impact on people's lives and even various industries.
The key capabilities of a technology often determine the scope of its application. In the 5G standard (IMT-2020) formulated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), based on the three key indicators of 5G, the future application scenarios of 5G are divided, namely eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), mMTC (massive Machine communication), uRLLC (ultra-reliable, low-latency communication).
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Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) <Virtual Reality>
eMMB scenario: virtual reality
The corresponding scenarios of eMBB are mainly 3D/ultra-high-definition video, virtual reality and other high-traffic mobile broadband services. The advancement of 5G communication technology can enhance the user's picture quality experience and real-time operation sense. At the same time, with the development of software and hardware technology and the enrichment of VR/AR related content, the user experience is becoming more and more real and smooth, and the demand will become stronger. This chapter focuses on virtual reality technology and its application scenarios.
Virtual reality classification
Since the development of virtual reality, different types of VR applications have long been derived. From the first VR technology that simulates reality in virtual devices, it extends to augmented reality AR technology that adds virtual information to the real world, and finally to the hybrid display MR technology that seamlessly connects the virtual world and the real world.
Different types of VR can be applied to different scenarios. According to the VR function from low to high, it can be divided into 4 categories: desktop VR, immersive VR, distributed VR, and augmented reality VR (AR).
Virtual reality: industrial scale
5G is expected to break the VR/AR growth ceiling
(1) 5G assists the cloudification of processors, improves algorithm capabilities, and optimizes device size. Cloud VR/AR can not only provide better content on the basis of reducing the computing power of all-in-one terminals, it can also use cloud technology to reduce terminal costs, and achieve lightweight, mobile, and cordless.
5G is expected to break the VR/AR growth ceiling
(2) The 5G network will achieve a higher degree of visual immersion in VR/AR services and optimize the user's viewing experience.
(3) 5G+cloud is expected to bring VR/AR into more application scenarios
Comparison of VR technology and 5G+VR technology
VR/AR device side
The prices of popular VR/AR devices continue to fall, and there is still room for decline in the future.
After the exploration period, several major manufacturers have already had more mature VR/AR equipment facing the market. Driven by technological progress and the effect of diminishing margins, the price of equipment has continued to fall; at the same time, the resolution, refresh rate and other indicators have undergone technological upgrades. The replacement has been optimized, greatly improving the experience of using the device.
VR/AR content terminal
The supply of virtual reality content continues to be enriched, mainly concentrated in game audiovisual and pan-educational content.
According to research data from the Head Leopard Research Institute, games (42.6%) and pan-video content (38.3%) account for most of the content of virtual reality, while other content mainly focuses on security, fire protection, education, and publicity.
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Great Connectivity Internet of Things (mMTC) <Internet of Things>
"5G + Internet of Things" empowers many industries
The integration of the Internet of Things and 5G is not only a simple realization of the "Internet of Everything", but more importantly, the in-depth integration of the two can empower the development of other industries.
Internet of Things: Industry Map
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uRLLC ultra-high reliability and low-latency communication <Internet of Vehicles>
Internet of Vehicles: Policy Support
Internet of Vehicles: Overview of C-V2X
C-V2X is expected to become a unified standard for the underlying communication technology of global intelligent networked vehicles. Currently, there are two major communication technology standard schools in the world, DSRC (dedicated short-range communication technology) and C-V2X (vehicle network communication based on cellular technology). DSRC's overseas development started earlier and the industrial chain is relatively mature.
However, due to the instability of DSRC's own technology, its reliability in high-speed scenes is poor, and the delay is high, so DSRC cannot be applied to high-speed mobile and high-density scenes. The technical defects of DSRC gave rise to the industry's idea of redesigning V2X based on cellular technology, and C-V2X was born from this.
Throughout the world, the Internet of Vehicles solutions adopted by the United States, Japan and other countries are still based on DSRC, while China has been focusing on C-V2X for a long time. Patent deployment has independent and controllable advantages. The industry ecology has been initially established, and it is expected to achieve curve overtaking. .
Internet of Vehicles: C-V2X Industry Map
Compared with DSRC technology, my country has made positive progress in C-V2X technology and has a relatively complete industrial chain, laying the foundation for the industrialization of V2X. The C-V2X industry chain mainly includes communication chips, communication modules, terminals and equipment, vehicle manufacturing, vehicle networking solutions, testing and verification, and operations and services.
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uRLLC ultra-high reliability and low-latency communication <Industrial Internet>
Industrial Internet: Industrial Architecture
Industrial Internet System
According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology's "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the "Internet + Advanced Manufacturing" Development of the Industrial Internet", my country summarizes the development of the Industrial Internet into three major systems, namely: network, platform and security. Among them, the network is the foundation, the platform is the core, and security is the guarantee.
Industrial Internet System: Platform System
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