Introduction-Introduction
Raspbian is an operating system dedicated to the ARM card-based computer Raspberry Pi® "Raspberry Pi". It is developed based on Debian and optimized for Raspberry Pi hardware.
Raspbian is not officially supported by The Raspberry Pi Foundation, the Raspberry Pi development and maintenance organization. Its maintainer is a group of enthusiasts of Raspberry Pi hardware and Debian project.
Prepared materials
Laptop Windows 10
decompression software (the latest version of win10 comes with zip decompression), download 7zip
Raspberry Pi 2B motherboard + power supply
keyboard + mouse
monitor + HDMI cable + power
network cable or wireless network card (Pi 2 does not have wifi module, after the second generation) Only)
The mouse and keyboard are basically useless after one use. . The monitor is just a regular computer monitor, there is no need to buy an exclusive pit screen for Raspberry Pi, it can be solved remotely later
LED indicator interpretation
Pi 2
parameter
CPU: 900MHz ARM Cortex-A7
RAM: 1GB
USB ports: 4
40 GPIO pins
Support HDMI
3.5mm audio interface
Camera interface (CSI)
Display interface (DSI)
MicroSD card
Micro USB 5V, power 5W
RJ45 network cable interface (no WiFi, no Bluetooth )
Good
Download the system image Raspberry Pi OS
Raspberry Pi OS (previously called Raspbian) is our official operating system for all models of the Raspberry Pi.
This passage comes from the berry Pi Downloads-Software for the Raspberry Pi in Rasp. In Mandarin, the native system of the Raspberry Pi family supports all types of Raspberry Pi, so I choose the Raspberry Pi OS system (previously called Raspbian). It is a hardware driver and software program deeply customized by the official Raspberry Pi. This is my first time using Raspberry Pi, so it's better to download this one.
Raspberry Pi OS is also divided into three types:
32-bit Lite version (no desktop)
32-bit desktop version
32-bit desktop version (including commonly used software)
I chose the 32-bit desktop version, the official Raspberry Pi os download address (net speed is touching) 。。。), attached to Tsinghua’s ras os armhf link.
Tucao under the Tsinghua Raspberry Pi mirror source, people look silly. . It took a long time to understand. . It seems that I am not good enough,
but the Qt and conda mirrors of Tsinghua mirror are really cool to use
Tsinghua download link of raspios32-bit Lite version (no desktop)
Unzip the OS
Write OS to SD card
About SD card size
SD cards size requirements official explanation
For installation of Raspberry Pi OS with desktop and recommended software (Full) via NOOBS the minimum card size is 16GB. For the image installation of Raspberry Pi OS with desktop and recommended software, the minimum card size is 8GB. For Raspberry Pi OS Lite image installations we recommend a minimum of 4GB.
The above mentioned is the OS desktop version (version with common software) at least 16G card installed through NOOBS, image installation OS desktop version (version with common software) at least 8G, OS lite (no desktop) at least 4G
About SD card class type
The card class determines the sustained write speed for the card; a class 4 card will be able to write at 4MB/s, whereas a class 10 should be able to attain 10 MB/s. However, it should be noted that this does not mean a class 10 card will outperform a class 4 card for general usage, because often this write speed is achieved at the cost of read speed and increased seek times.
What has been said above is the same as what has not been said. Of course class10 is faster than class4, but it does not say the lowest class. . .
Required software
Win32DiskImager foreign download address
or Raspberry Pi Imager for windows download address
Of course, the download address of foreign xx website is slow. Give the Raspberry Pi Imager for windows Tsinghua download address. After
installing the imager, open it and click the leftmost button to select ERASE format, the middle button Select the SD card, and then start Write formatting.
After formatting is complete, click the leftmost button to select the image, drop down to the bottom and select Use Custom. The others are downloaded online (slow batch). After
selecting the img image and SD card you have downloaded , you can Started to write (Write), the software will automatically detect (Verify) whether programming is correct after writing is completed
Modify config.txt
Re-insert the card to the computer, open the configuration file, the default is the following
# For more options and information see
# http://rpf.io/configtxt
# Some settings may impact device functionality. See link above for details
# uncomment if you get no picture on HDMI for a default "safe" mode
#hdmi_safe=1
# uncomment this if your display has a black border of unused pixels visible
# and your display can output without overscan
#disable_overscan=1
# uncomment the following to adjust overscan. Use positive numbers if console
# goes off screen, and negative if there is too much border
#overscan_left=16
#overscan_right=16
#overscan_top=16
#overscan_bottom=16
# uncomment to force a console size. By default it will be display's size minus
# overscan.
#framebuffer_width=1280
#framebuffer_height=720
# uncomment if hdmi display is not detected and composite is being output
#hdmi_force_hotplug=1
# uncomment to force a specific HDMI mode (this will force VGA)
#hdmi_group=1
#hdmi_mode=1
# uncomment to force a HDMI mode rather than DVI. This can make audio work in
# DMT (computer monitor) modes
#hdmi_drive=2
# uncomment to increase signal to HDMI, if you have interference, blanking, or
# no display
#config_hdmi_boost=4
# uncomment for composite PAL
#sdtv_mode=2
#uncomment to overclock the arm. 700 MHz is the default.
#arm_freq=800
# Uncomment some or all of these to enable the optional hardware interfaces
#dtparam=i2c_arm=on
#dtparam=i2s=on
#dtparam=spi=on
# Uncomment this to enable infrared communication.
#dtoverlay=gpio-ir,gpio_pin=17
#dtoverlay=gpio-ir-tx,gpio_pin=18
# Additional overlays and parameters are documented /boot/overlays/README
# Enable audio (loads snd_bcm2835)
dtparam=audio=on
[pi4]
# Enable DRM VC4 V3D driver on top of the dispmanx display stack
dtoverlay=vc4-fkms-v3d
max_framebuffers=2
[all]
#dtoverlay=vc4-fkms-v3d
The screen I use is the 800*480 HDMI in the laboratory. Please refer to the Raspberry Pi configuration file config.txt for detailed introduction and modify
it. So after the modification, my config.txt is
# For more options and information see
# http://rpf.io/configtxt
# Some settings may impact device functionality. See link above for details
# uncomment if you get no picture on HDMI for a default "safe" mode
#hdmi_safe=1
# uncomment this if your display has a black border of unused pixels visible
# and your display can output without overscan
disable_overscan=1
# uncomment the following to adjust overscan. Use positive numbers if console
# goes off screen, and negative if there is too much border
#overscan_left=16
#overscan_right=16
#overscan_top=16
#overscan_bottom=16
# uncomment to force a console size. By default it will be display's size minus
# overscan.
framebuffer_width=800
framebuffer_height=480
# uncomment if hdmi display is not detected and composite is being output
hdmi_force_hotplug=1
# uncomment to force a specific HDMI mode (this will force VGA)
hdmi_group=2
hdmi_mode=2
# uncomment to force a HDMI mode rather than DVI. This can make audio work in
# DMT (computer monitor) modes
#hdmi_drive=2
# uncomment to increase signal to HDMI, if you have interference, blanking, or
# no display
#config_hdmi_boost=4
# uncomment for composite PAL
#sdtv_mode=2
#uncomment to overclock the arm. 700 MHz is the default.
#arm_freq=800
# Uncomment some or all of these to enable the optional hardware interfaces
#dtparam=i2c_arm=on
#dtparam=i2s=on
#dtparam=spi=on
# Uncomment this to enable infrared communication.
#dtoverlay=gpio-ir,gpio_pin=17
#dtoverlay=gpio-ir-tx,gpio_pin=18
# Additional overlays and parameters are documented /boot/overlays/README
# Enable audio (loads snd_bcm2835)
dtparam=audio=on
[pi4]
# Enable DRM VC4 V3D driver on top of the dispmanx display stack
dtoverlay=vc4-fkms-v3d
max_framebuffers=2
[all]
#dtoverlay=vc4-fkms-v3d
start_x=1
gpu_mem=128
Boot up
For the official Raspberry Pi OS, if you need to manually log in, the default user name is pi, with password raspberry. Remember the default keyboard layout is set to UK.
According to the above description, the default account pi
default password raspberry after booting,
but now in 2020, you don’t need to enter a password anymore. . .
The default keyboard layout is UK, we need to modify the password and keyboard layout (US).
Here is if the monitor has a black border, tick it. I don’t care about
connecting to the network directly next
. It is recommended not to Next when you come to Update Software at random . Skip, after all, the speed of updating the software without setting up a domestic mirror is not flattering
change Password
There will be an update software update soon after the password is changed. Don’t update yet. The slow batch is a waste of time.
Set up domestic Tsinghua mirror
This step is to improve the success rate and speed when downloading the software later. The reason you know, foreign Internet speed junk (firewall saves life),
here to modify this file requires root privileges, enter the following command in the Raspberry Pi terminal and press Enter
sudo passwd root
Then you can set the root account password, it is not displayed when you enter it, run and rebootrestart after the modification , and then create a new file sources.list on the desktop, then open it and paste it into the following content, then save
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib rpi
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib rpi
Create a new file raspi.list on the desktop, then open it and paste into the content below, then save
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ buster main ui
Then logout (logout) the current user pi, select other after logout, enter root and password to use the root account.
Then open the folder, enter the /home/pi/Desktop directory, you can see the two files just created, and then copy the sources.list to it /etc/apt/sources.list, and a pop-up window will be selected to overwrite. Similarly, overwrite the newly created raspi.list To/etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list
Then open the terminal and use the sudo apt-get update command to update the software source list.
After about a minute after the update is complete, log out of the root account and return to the pi account. When you return to the pi account, you can delete the newly created file on the desktop.
Install remote connection
Method one SSH
Open SSH in Raspberry Pi
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start
View IP
ifconfig
Then use putty or other software that supports ssh login to log in to the IP displayed above.
Method two: remote desktop connection that comes with windows
Install the necessary software in the Raspberry Pi,
sudo apt-get install xrdp
apt-get install tightvncserver xrdp
Then ifconfigyou can check the IP and use the remote desktop connection that comes with windows (the laptop and the Raspberry Pi should be in the same internal network, which can be a campus network, mobile phone hotspot, etc., if there is a public network IP, I didn’t say it)
Conclusion
After I burn the image to the SD card and insert the Raspberry Pi, I cannot enter the configuration interface like a computer. . . . . I tried many times and spent several hours. Every time I couldn't open it, I wanted to quit the pit. Finally, I consulted a best friend. She taught me to set the config to enter the startup interface, and then it didn't work when I came by myself. . . Tried a lot of config content. . . Finally, I changed the power supply from Adafruit. . . . . They are all 5V2A plugs, so what about it? ? ?
Whatever. Thank my bestie for patient and time. Thank CAU HV Lab for support.
References
- Buy a Raspberry Pi 2 Model B
- Raspberry Pi Downloads - Software for the Raspberry Pi
- Raspberry Pi official os download address
- Raspbian mirror usage help
- Tsinghua’s ras os armhf link
- SD cards size requirements official explanation
- win32DiskImager foreign download address
- Raspberry Pi Imager for windows
- Raspberry Pi Imager for windows Tsinghua download link
- Tsinghua download link of raspios32-bit Lite version (no desktop)
- Raspbian Lite configuration
- Configure the Raspbian Pi wireless network WIFI on the Raspbian Lite version through the command line
- Explanation of Raspberry Pi LED indicator status
- Raspberry Pi configuration file config.txt is introduced in detail
- Customize Raspberry Pi Resolution
- Raspberry Pi Putty remote login + remote desktop connection
- Realize windows remote login Raspberry Pi desktop
- Raspberry Pi enable root login account
- Raspberry Pi set up SSH remote login root account