1 Introduction
What we need to do for read-write separation is to choose which database to execute for a SQL. As for who will choose the database, there are nothing more than two. Either the middleware does it for us or the program does it by itself. Therefore, generally speaking, there are two ways to realize the separation of reading and writing. The first is to rely on middleware (for example: MyCat), which means that the application is connected to the middleware, and the middleware helps us to separate SQL; the second is to separate the application itself. Here we choose the program to do it ourselves, mainly using the routing data source provided by Spring and AOP
However, the biggest weakness (deficiency) of the separation of reads and writes at the application level is that the database nodes cannot be dynamically added, because the data source configuration is written in the configuration. Adding a new database means adding a new data source, which must be changed. Configure and restart the application. Of course, the advantage is that it is relatively simple.
2. AbstractRoutingDataSource
Route to a specific data source based on a specific search key. It maintains a set of target data sources internally, and does a mapping between the routing key and the target data source, and provides a method to find the data source based on the key.
3. Practice
For configuration, please refer to " MySQL Master-Slave Replication Configuration "
3.1. maven dependency
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.cjs.example</groupId>
<artifactId>cjs-datasource-demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>cjs-datasource-demo</name>
<description></description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<!--<plugin>
<groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.46</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<configuration>
<configurationFile>${basedir}/src/main/resources/myBatisGeneratorConfig.xml</configurationFile>
<overwrite>true</overwrite>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>Generate MyBatis Artifacts</id>
<goals>
<goal>generate</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>-->
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.2. Data source configuration
application.yml
spring:
datasource:
master:
jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.31:3306/test
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
slave1:
jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.56:3306/test
username: pig # 只读账户
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
slave2:
jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.36:3306/test
username: pig # 只读账户
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
Multiple data source configuration
Here, we have configured 4 data sources, 1 master, 2 slaves, and 1 routing data source. The first 3 data sources are used to generate the fourth data source, and we will only use the last routing data source in the future.
MyBatis configuration
package com.cjs.example.config;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
@EnableTransactionManagement
@Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {
@Resource(name = "myRoutingDataSource")
private DataSource myRoutingDataSource;
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(myRoutingDataSource);
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/*.xml"));
return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
}
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager platformTransactionManager() {
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(myRoutingDataSource);
}
}
Since there are now 4 data sources in the Spring container, we need to manually specify a clear data source for the transaction manager and MyBatis.
3.3. Set routing key / find data source
The target data source is the first 3, which we know, but how to find the data source when using it?
First, we define an enumeration to represent these three data sources
package com.cjs.example.enums;
public enum DBTypeEnum {
MASTER, SLAVE1, SLAVE2;
}
Next, set the data source to each thread context through ThreadLocal
package com.cjs.example.bean;
import com.cjs.example.enums.DBTypeEnum;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
public class DBContextHolder {
private static final ThreadLocal<DBTypeEnum> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();
private static final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(-1);
public static void set(DBTypeEnum dbType) {
contextHolder.set(dbType);
}
public static DBTypeEnum get() {
return contextHolder.get();
}
public static void master() {
set(DBTypeEnum.MASTER);
System.out.println("切换到master");
}
public static void slave() {
// 轮询
int index = counter.getAndIncrement() % 2;
if (counter.get() > 9999) {
counter.set(-1);
}
if (index == 0) {
set(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE1);
System.out.println("切换到slave1");
}else {
set(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE2);
System.out.println("切换到slave2");
}
}
}
Get routing key
package com.cjs.example.bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
public class MyRoutingDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
@Nullable
@Override
protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
return DBContextHolder.get();
}
}
Set routing key
By default, all queries go to the slave database, and insert/modify/delete go to the master database. We distinguish operation types by method name (CRUD)
package com.cjs.example.aop;
import com.cjs.example.bean.DBContextHolder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Aspect
@Component
public class DataSourceAop {
@Pointcut("!@annotation(com.cjs.example.annotation.Master) " +
"&& (execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.select*(..)) " +
"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.get*(..)))")
public void readPointcut() {
}
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.cjs.example.annotation.Master) " +
"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.insert*(..)) " +
"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.add*(..)) " +
"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.update*(..)) " +
"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.edit*(..)) " +
"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.delete*(..)) " +
"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.remove*(..))")
public void writePointcut() {
}
@Before("readPointcut()")
public void read() {
DBContextHolder.slave();
}
@Before("writePointcut()")
public void write() {
DBContextHolder.master();
}
/**
* 另一种写法:if...else... 判断哪些需要读从数据库,其余的走主数据库
*/
// @Before("execution(* com.cjs.example.service.impl.*.*(..))")
// public void before(JoinPoint jp) {
// String methodName = jp.getSignature().getName();
//
// if (StringUtils.startsWithAny(methodName, "get", "select", "find")) {
// DBContextHolder.slave();
// }else {
// DBContextHolder.master();
// }
// }
}
There are general cases and special cases. In special cases, we need to force the reading of the main library. For this situation, we define a primary key and use the annotation to mark the main library.
package com.cjs.example.annotation;
public @interface Master {
}
For example, suppose we have a table member
package com.cjs.example.service.impl;
import com.cjs.example.annotation.Master;
import com.cjs.example.entity.Member;
import com.cjs.example.entity.MemberExample;
import com.cjs.example.mapper.MemberMapper;
import com.cjs.example.service.MemberService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class MemberServiceImpl implements MemberService {
@Autowired
private MemberMapper memberMapper;
@Transactional
@Override
public int insert(Member member) {
return memberMapper.insert(member);
}
@Master
@Override
public int save(Member member) {
return memberMapper.insert(member);
}
@Override
public List<Member> selectAll() {
return memberMapper.selectByExample(new MemberExample());
}
@Master
@Override
public String getToken(String appId) {
// 有些读操作必须读主数据库
// 比如,获取微信access_token,因为高峰时期主从同步可能延迟
// 这种情况下就必须强制从主数据读
return null;
}
}
4. Testing
package com.cjs.example;
import com.cjs.example.entity.Member;
import com.cjs.example.service.MemberService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class CjsDatasourceDemoApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private MemberService memberService;
@Test
public void testWrite() {
Member member = new Member();
member.setName("zhangsan");
memberService.insert(member);
}
@Test
public void testRead() {
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
memberService.selectAll();
}
}
@Test
public void testSave() {
Member member = new Member();
member.setName("wangwu");
memberService.save(member);
}
@Test
public void testReadFromMaster() {
memberService.getToken("1234");
}
}
View console
5. Engineering structure