How Celery is used in a Django project

Others 2020-09-14 17:49:22 views: null

Create a directory celery_pro, and create the following two files under celery_pro

celery.py

# celery.py
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
#1. absolute_import 可以使导入的celery是python绝对路基的celery模块，不是当前我们创建的celery.py
#2. unicode_literals 模块可能是python2和3兼容的，不知道
from celery import Celery
# from .celery import Celery        #这样才是导入当前目录下的celery
			# 填写你的项目名
app = Celery('project',
             broker='redis://localhost',
             backend='redis://localhost',
             include=['celery_pro.tasks',
                      'celery_pro.tasks2',
                      ])
#celery——pro是存放celery文件的文件夹名字

#实例化时可以添加下面这个属性
app.conf.update(
   result_expires=3600,        #执行结果放到redis里，一个小时没人取就丢弃
)

# 配置定时任务：每5秒钟执行 调用一次celery_pro下tasks.py文件中的add函数
app.conf.beat_schedule = {
    'add-every-5-seconds': {
        'task': 'celery_pro.tasks.add',  # 寻找tasks下面的add函数
        'schedule': 5.0,
        'args': (16, 16)
    },
}
app.conf.timezone = 'UTC'   # 配置的时间规范

if __name__ == '__main__':
   app.start()

task.py

# task.py
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
from .celery import app       #从当前目录导入app

#写一个add函数
@app.task
def add(x, y):
    return x + y

task2.py

# task2.py
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
from .celery import app
import time,random

@app.task
def randnum(start,end):
    time.sleep(3)
    return random.randint(start,end)

tasks2.py

Touch the init .py
New celery_pro __init__.py file in the directory, otherwise it will error when executing the command

Execute the following two commands to let celery execute tasks regularly

  1. Start a worker: execute
    celery -A celery_pro worker -l info in the outer directory of celery_pro

  2. Start the task scheduler celery beat
    celery -A celery_pro beat -l info

  3. Execution effect
    See that the execution result of the add function is returned every 5 seconds in the celery running log

Start the celery worker: each machine can start 8 workers

  1. Start the worker in the /pythondir/celery_pro/ directory in the pythondir directory

celery -A celery_pro worker -l info

  1. Start the worker in the background: execute in the /pythondir/celery_pro/ directory
celery multi start w1 -A celery_pro -l info             #在后台启动w1这个worker

celery multi start w1 w2 -A celery_pro -l info       #一次性启动w1,w2两个worker

celery -A celery_pro status                       #查看当前有哪些worker在运行

celery multi stop w1 w2 -A celery_pro                   #停止w1,w2两个worker

celery multi restart w1 w2 -A celery_pro               #重启w1,w2两个worker

You can also manually assign tasks to celery: execute under /pythondir/

python3
from celery_pro import tasks,tasks2

t1 = tasks.add.delay(34,3)
t2 = tasks2.randnum.delay(1,10000)             
t1.get()
t2.get()

手动给celery分配任务：在/pythondir/下执行

Best practices for celery and Django projects

pip3 install Django==2.0.4
pip3 install celery==4.3.0
pip3 install redis==3.2.1
pip3 install ipython==7.6.1 

find ./ -type f | xargs sed -i 's/\r$//g'     # 批量将当前文件夹下所有文件装换成unix格式
celery  multi start celery_test -A celery_test -l debug --autoscale=50,5        # celery并发数：最多50个，最少5个
http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/reference/celery.bin.worker.html#cmdoption-celery-worker-autoscale
ps auxww|grep "celery worker"|grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9       # 关闭所有celery进程

Introduction to using celery in Django (celery cannot run under windows)

  1. When using celery in Django, the celery file must be tasks.py

  2. Django will automatically find the tasks.py file in each APP

Create a Django project celery_test, and app01

Create celery.py in the directory with the same name as the project

# celery.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
from celery import Celery

# 只要是想在自己的脚本中访问Django的数据库等文件就必须配置Django的环境变量
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'celery_test.settings')

# app名字
app = Celery('celery_test')

# 配置celery
class Config:
    BROKER_URL = 'redis://192.168.56.11:6379'
    CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'redis://192.168.56.11:6379'

app.config_from_object(Config)
# 到各个APP里自动发现tasks.py文件
app.autodiscover_tasks()

Add the following content to the init.py file in the directory with the same name as the project

# __init__.py 
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals

# 告诉Django在启动时别忘了检测我的celery文件
from .celery import app as celery_ap
__all__ = ['celery_app']

Create app01/tasks.py file

# tasks.py
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
from celery import shared_task

# 这里不再使用@app.task,而是用@shared_task，是指定可以在其他APP中也可以调用这个任务
@shared_task
def add(x, y):
   return x + y

Specify the configuration of the redis server in the settings.py file

# settings.py
CELERY_BROKER_URL = 'redis://localhost'
CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'redis://localhost'

Copy the Django project celery_test to the django_test folder of centos7.3

Ensure that redis-server is started

Start a celery worker

celery -A celery_test worker -l info

Start the Django project in Linux

python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9000

Visit http://1.1.1.3:9000/celery_call/ to get the task id

~~~~~~~~~

Obtain the corresponding value according to the task id in 11

http://1.1.1.3:9000/celery_result/?id=5065b65b-0c01-430a-a67f-9531fe3e8d90

Based on the steps ↑: use the scheduled task function in django

To use celery timing tasks in Django requires django-celery-beat to be installed

pip3 install django-celery-beat

Register django_celery_beat in Django settings

INSTALLED_APPS = (
        ...,
        'django_celery_beat',
    )

Execute the create table command

python3 manage.py makemigrations

python3 manage.py migrate

python3 manage.py startsuperuser

Run the Django project

celery -A celery_test worker -l info

python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9000

Login http://1.1.1.3:9000/admin/ and you can see three more tables

~~~~~~

Add a clock for tasks that are executed every 5 seconds in the intervals table

~~~~~~~~~~`

Create tasks in the Periodic tasks table

````````````

Execute the following command in the /django_test/celery_test/ directory

celery -A celery_test worker -l info                                                   #启动一个worker

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9000                           #运行Django项目

celery -A celery_test beat -l info -S django                                                   #启动心跳任务

说明：

运行上面命令后就可以看到在运行celery -A celery_test worker -l info         窗口中每5秒钟执行一次app01.tasks.add： 2+3=5

The heartbeat must be restarted when adding a new task

  1. Every time you add a task to the Django table, you must restart beat

  2. But there is a djcelery plugin in Django that can help us not to restart

cdjango+celery+redis implements asynchronous periodic tasks

Note: Python's celery module version 4.2.0 is not version 4.1.1 installed at the beginning, but the timing task is not executed

Configure celery in settings.py

# settings.py
#1、如果在django中需要周期性执行，在这里需要注册 django_celery_beat 中间件
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    '''
    'django_celery_beat',
    '''
]


TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'  # 将默认的UTC时区给成中国时区


#2、celery：配置celery
BROKER_URL = 'redis://localhost:6379'
CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'redis://localhost:6379'
CELERY_ACCEPT_CONTENT = ['application/json']
CELERY_TASK_SERIALIZER = 'json'
CELERY_RESULT_SERIALIZER = 'json'
CELERY_TASK_RESULT_EXPIRES = 60 * 60
CELERY_TIMEZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
CELERY_ENABLE_UTC=False
CELERY_ANNOTATIONS = {'*': {'rate_limit': '500/s'}}
CELERYBEAT_SCHEDULER = 'djcelery.schedulers.DatabaseScheduler'

Create celery.py in the directory with the same name as the project

For more timing reference official website: http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/userguide/periodic-tasks.html#crontab-schedules

# # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
from celery import Celery
from celery.schedules import crontab
from datetime import timedelta
from kombu import Queue


# set the default Django settings module for the 'celery' program.
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'celery_test.settings')

from django.conf import settings

app = Celery('celery_test')

# Using a string here means the worker will not have to
# pickle the object when using Windows.
class Config:
    BROKER_URL = 'redis://1.1.1.3:6379'
    CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'redis://1.1.1.3:6379'
    CELERY_ACCEPT_CONTENT = ['application/json']
    CELERY_TASK_SERIALIZER = 'json'
    CELERY_RESULT_SERIALIZER = 'json'
    CELERY_TIMEZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
    ENABLE_UTC = False
    CELERY_TASK_RESULT_EXPIRES = 60 * 60
    CELERY_ANNOTATIONS = {'*': {'rate_limit': '500/s'}}
    # 每次取任务的数量
    # CELERYD_PREFETCH_MULTIPLIER = 10
    # 每个worker执行多少次任务之后就销毁，防止内存泄漏。相当于--maxtasksperchild参数
    CELERYD_MAX_TASKS_PER_CHILD = 16
    # 防止死锁
    # CELERYD_FORCE_EXECV = True
    # 任务发出后，经过一段时间还未收到acknowledge , 就将任务重新交给其他worker执行
    # CELERY_DISABLE_RATE_LIMITS = True
    # CELERYBEAT_SCHEDULER = 'djcelery.schedulers.DatabaseScheduler'


app.config_from_object(Config)
app.autodiscover_tasks()

#crontab config
app.conf.update(
    CELERYBEAT_SCHEDULE = {
        # 每隔三分钟执行一次add函数
        'every-3-min-add': {
            'task': 'app01.tasks.add',
            'schedule': timedelta(seconds=180)
        },
        # 每天下午15:420执行
        'add-every-day-morning@14:50': {
            'task': 'app01.tasks.minus',
            'schedule': crontab(hour=15, minute=20, day_of_week='*/1'),
        },
    },
)

Queue('transient', routing_key='transient',delivery_mode=1)

celery.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
from celery import Celery
from celery.schedules import crontab
from datetime import timedelta
from kombu import Queue


# set the default Django settings module for the 'celery' program.
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'celery_test.settings')

from django.conf import settings

app = Celery('celery_test')

# Using a string here means the worker will not have to
# pickle the object when using Windows.
class Config:
    BROKER_URL = 'redis://1.1.1.3:6379'
    CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'redis://1.1.1.3:6379'
    CELERY_ACCEPT_CONTENT = ['application/json']
    CELERY_TASK_SERIALIZER = 'json'
    CELERY_RESULT_SERIALIZER = 'json'
    CELERY_TIMEZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
    ENABLE_UTC = False
    CELERY_TASK_RESULT_EXPIRES = 60 * 60
    CELERY_ANNOTATIONS = {'*': {'rate_limit': '500/s'}}
    # 每次取任务的数量
    # CELERYD_PREFETCH_MULTIPLIER = 10
    # 每个worker执行多少次任务之后就销毁，防止内存泄漏。相当于--maxtasksperchild参数
    CELERYD_MAX_TASKS_PER_CHILD = 16
    # 防止死锁
    # CELERYD_FORCE_EXECV = True
    # 任务发出后，经过一段时间还未收到acknowledge , 就将任务重新交给其他worker执行
    # CELERY_DISABLE_RATE_LIMITS = True
    # CELERYBEAT_SCHEDULER = 'djcelery.schedulers.DatabaseScheduler'


app.config_from_object(Config)
app.autodiscover_tasks()

#crontab config
app.conf.update(
    CELERYBEAT_SCHEDULE = {
        # 每隔三分钟执行一次add函数
        'every-3-min-add': {
            'task': 'app01.tasks.add',
            'schedule': timedelta(seconds=180)
        },
        # 每天下午15:420执行
        'add-every-day-morning@14:50': {
            'task': 'app01.tasks.minus',
            'schedule': crontab(hour=15, minute=20, day_of_week='*/1'),
        },
    },
)

Queue('transient', routing_key='transient',delivery_mode=1)

Create tasks.py under any app (django will automatically find this tasks file in each app)

# tasks.py
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
from celery import shared_task

# 这里不再使用@app.task,而是用@shared_task，是指定可以在其他APP中也可以调用这个任务
@shared_task
def add():
   print 'app01.tasks.add'
   return 222 + 333

@shared_task
def minus():
   print 'app01.tasks.minus'
   return 222 - 333

Add the following content to the init.py file in the directory with the same name as the project

# __init__.py
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals

# 告诉Django在启动时别忘了检测我的celery文件
from .celery import app as celery_ap
__all__ = ['celery_app']

Start the script (remember to open the celery service)

Start the django program

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

# service.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash

source ../env/bin/activate

export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=celery_test.settings

base_dir=`pwd`
mup_pid() {
echo `ps -ef | grep -E "(manage.py)(.*):8000" | grep -v grep| awk '{print $2}'`
}
start() {
 python $base_dir/manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 &>> $base_dir/django.log 2>&1 &
 pid=$(mup_pid)
 echo -e "\e[00;31mmup is running (pid: $pid)\e[00m"
}

stop() {
 pid=$(mup_pid)
 echo -e "\e[00;31mmup is stop (pid: $pid)\e[00m"
 ps -ef | grep -E "(manage.py)(.*):8000" | grep -v grep| awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9 &> /dev/null

}

restart(){
    stop
    start
}

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;

  restart)
        restart
        ;;

  *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
        exit 2
esac

Start the celery worker: each machine can start 8 workers

celery -A celery_test worker -l info

# start-celery.sh
#!/bin/bash
source ../env/bin/activate
export C_FORCE_ROOT="true"
base_dir=`pwd`


celery_pid() {
    echo `ps -ef | grep -E "celery -A celery_test worker" | grep -v grep| awk '{print $2}'`
}
start() {
    celery  multi start celery_test -A celery_test -l debug --autoscale=50,5 --logfile=$base_dir/var/celery-%I.log --pidfile=celery_test.pid
}
restart() {
    celery  multi restart celery_test -A celery_test -l debug
}
stop() {
    celery  multi stop celery_test -A celery_test -l debug
}
#restart(){
#    stop
#    start
#}


# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  restart)
        restart
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
        exit 2
esac

#nohup celery -A celery_test worker -l debug --concurrency=10 --autoreload  & >>celery.log

Start celery scheduled task run

celery -A celery_test beat -l debug

# celery-crond.sh
#!/bin/bash
#celery 定时任务运行
source ../env/bin/activate
export C_FORCE_ROOT="true"
base_dir=`pwd`


celery_pid() {
    echo `ps -ef | grep -E "celery -A celery_test beat" | grep -v grep| awk '{print $2}'`
}
start() {
    #django 调度定时任务
    #celery -A celery_test beat -l info -S django >> $base_dir/var/celery-cron.log 2>&1 &
    celery -A celery_test beat -l debug >> $base_dir/var/Scheduler.log 2>&1 &
    sleep 3
    pid=$(celery_pid)
    echo -e "\e[00;31mcelery is start (pid: $pid)\e[00m"
}
restart() {
    pid=$(celery_pid)
    echo -e "\e[00;31mcelery is restart (pid: $pid)\e[00m"
    ps auxf | grep -E "celery -A celery_test beat" | grep -v grep| awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -HUP &> /dev/null
}
stop() {
    pid=$(celery_pid)
    echo -e "\e[00;31mcelery is stop (pid: $pid)\e[00m"
    ps -ef | grep -E "celery -A celery_test beat" | grep -v grep| awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -TERM &> /dev/null
}


case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  restart)
        restart
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
        exit 2
esac

Script file written under windows, format is not recognized in Linux

Executing .sh script in Linux, abnormal /bin/sh^M: bad interpreter: No such file or directory

set ff=unix

dos2unix start-celery.sh
dos2unix celery-crond.sh

Common errors

Received unregistered task of type'XXX' Celery reports an error (the corresponding tasks.py file cannot be found in the timing task)

app = Celery('opwf', include=['api_workflow.tasks']) # api_workflow The tasks file in this app

Blog reference address

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