1. List Linux distributions by series and describe the connections and differences between different distributions.
The distribution of Linux can be roughly divided into two categories: 1. The distribution maintained by commercial companies, represented by RedHat; 2. The distribution maintained by community organizations, represented by Debian;
There are now dozens of various distributions, including mainstream distributions: Debian, RedHat, SUSE;
the difference:
There are some differences in the details of different distributions. Debian is by far the most compliant Linux system for gun specifications. He is divided into stable, testing, and unstable branches, and is managed by apt-get / dpkg package; RetHat is Red Hat R & D and release version, including fedora, RHEL, CENTOS, Oracle linux, and other versions;
suse linux, for individual users.
http://www.mindpin.com/d3js-demo/linux/
2. Download the mirror
1. Website: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.7.1908/isos/x86_64/
Click to download. (
Of course, if you want to download another version, you can also find it in https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/)
Two.2, create a virtual machine (a lot of vmware installation tutorial online, you can find it online)
1. Open VMware and create a new virtual machine
You can also enter from [File] to create a new virtual machine
2. Select the virtual machine configuration type (newbies are recommended to select typical, custom will choose the compatibility of the virtual machine)
2.3. Select operating system location
I chose to install it later;
Installer CD-ROM: generally use the CD-ROM, generally do not select this option
Installer CD image file: select the location of the centos image file on the computer
2. 4. Select the operating system type
II.5. Virtual machine name and storage location
II.6 Specify the disk size (I chose 200g, fill it in with my actual situation)
Finally click Finish, and the virtual machine is created.
Two.7 installation system
1. First select the mirror
Then start the virtual machine and start installing the system.
2. The first time to install this image, we choose to detect and install, as shown below:
3. Choose language and time zone (we generally choose Shanghai)
Then click continue to continue to the next step.
4. Software source
The following figure 2, general default, if there are encountered not able to find the source of the software, you can configure their own source: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/ (network configuration The premise of the source is to configure the network first)
5. Partition
Choose your own partition
Click done to finish.
Then partition
/ Directory divided into 100g
/ boot minute 100m
Virtual machine memory 2g (virtual memory, if the memory is small, it is generally 1.5 or 2 times the memory. If the memory is large, it is generally 8g or 16g)
Create another space / data for your own experiment
Then click finish
Finally save, partition is completed
6. Configure the network
Open the network and click Finish
start installation
7. Configure root and common user passwords
Finally wait for the installation to complete, it is ok.
Third, configure the environment variables, you can see the time to execute the command when implementing history
First modify the configuration file vim / etc / profile
After saving, use history to view the history command to see the time of history command
If you just use it temporarily, you can also execute the HISTTIMEFORMAT = "% F% T" command directly.
Fourth, summarize the Linux philosophy.
1. Everything is a document
2. Provide many small single-purpose programs
3. Link programs to complete complex functions together
4. Avoid confusing user interface
5. Configuration data is stored in text
5. Summarize the format of common Linux commands and use examples to illustrate. Such as echo, screen, date, ifconfig, export and other commands
Command syntax general format: #command (command) options (options) argument (parameters, subject)
Command:
Initiate—Command: Request the kernel to run a secondary system program as a process:
Program-> Process
Static-> Dynamic (with life cycle)
The command itself is an executable program file: a file in binary format, which may call a shared library file:
Most program files are placed in: / bin, / sbin, / usr / bin, / usr / sbin, / usr / local / bin, / usr / local / sbin
Common commands: / bin, / usr / bin, / usr / local / bin
Management commands: / sbin, / usr / sbin, / usr / local / sbin
Summary: Most are in bin and sbin
Shared libraries: / lib, / lib64, / usr / lib, / usr / lib64, / usr / local / lib, / usr / local / lib64
32bits library: / lib, / usr / lib, / usr / local / lib
64bits library: / lib64, / usr / lib64, / usr / local / lib64
Summary: both in lib and lib64
note:. Executable program files corresponding to the directory
Commands must follow specific format specifications: exe, msi, EFE (LINUX)
~】#file /bin/ls
Commands are divided into two categories:
Commands that come with shell programs: built-in commands (builtin)
Independent executable program file, the file name is the command name: external command
The Shell program is an independent program that is responsible for parsing the commands provided by the user:
Environment variables:
PATH: Find the command file corresponding to the command string entered by the user from those paths:
~】#echo ￥PATH
Search order: from left to right
View command type: type command
Options:
Specify the running characteristics of the command:
There are 2 forms of options:
Short options: -c, for example -l, -d
Note: Some command options do not have-;
If the same command uses multiple segment options at the same time, most can be merged: -l, -d = -ld
Long options: --word, for example --help, --human-readable
Note: Long options cannot be merged;
Note: Some options can take parameters, this item is an option parameter;
Argument (parameter):
The object of the command: what the command takes effect;
Note: the parameters of different commands: some commands can take multiple parameters at the same time, and the multiples are separated by blank characters;
For example: ls -ld / var