The author once installed centOS7.6 on VMware, mainly to complete the construction of hyperledger fabric with the help of GUI features more suitable for Linux. At the time, centOS had released version 8.1, but the mainstream was 7.6. When I need to use a Linux virtual machine on another device, I simply installed 8.1–w0c, which is really easy to use!
Here are some new features of CentOS8,Suitable for Linux beginners。
centOS8 installation brief
CentOS8 was finally released on September 24, 2019. Since this is a Linux distribution derived from Red Hat Enterprise linux (RHEL), the CentOS team must build an infrastructure to support the newly introduced RHEL 8.
It is worth mentioning that this is the case. VMware Workstation 15.5 does not yet support the installation of centos8, so choose red hat enterprise linux 8 64-bit when installing.
Other installation procedures are not described here, and they are basically the same as other VMware Workstation methods for installing virtual machines, but rememberWhen choosing the installation source，Remember to choose the server with GUITo choose the services you need.
To be careful of,It is recommended to configure the network and host name when installingOtherwise, it will be configured once after installation.
Choose to open here, then the corresponding IP address will appear, and you can use this address to directly access later.
Overview of the new features of CentOS8
Unlike the previous CentOS version, the default installation does not include a GUI. The default desktop environment for CentOS 8 is GNOME 3.28. Moreover, the GNOME display manager now uses Wayland as the default display server (unlike the X.org server).
Latest GNOMEIncludes many useful features, including:
Extended device support. GNOME now integrates Thunderbolt 3 connection support. Whenever Thunderbolt 3 establishes a connection and activates, you will be notified. This feature allows you to closely monitor all connections and detect any security breaches or data leaks or theft attempts.
New box features. The GNOME application contains some new features for managing remote and virtual machines. The updated version simplifies the process of creating a virtual environment by automatically downloading the operating system. In addition, its drag and drop function allows you to easily transfer files between machines.
New on-screen keyboard. The GNOME team rewrote the latest version of the on-screen keyboard to try to solve pressing UI problems. Now, the function supports multiple layouts to support different regions, automatic keyboard activation and view switching, so users can clearly see the text when writing.
Updated UI interface. The new desktop environment also adds several additional features to improve the UI and UX. This includes multi-monitor processing, direct window processing, improved scaling, and more.
Internet functionThere are two major updates:
CentOS now provides TCP network stack version 4.16.
The default packet filtering framework used is nftables.
Most importantly, these changes ensure better stability, scalability, and performance.
Software warehouse update, The content is distributed in two main software repositories:
BaseoS repository
Appstream Repository
Although BaseOS contains all the underlying OS packages, AppStream contains application-related packages, development tools, databases, and other packages.
In other words, the BaseOS repository has the traditional RPM package that forms the core of the operating system. Once you update the system, it will automatically download and install any new versions of these packages.
Users can choose several software repositories by themselves, and it is GUI operation, which enriches the use of centOS.
There are also easy to install development tools, video music software, graphics processing software, etc., which is awesome
Mom no longer has to worry about yum install and apt-get install!
(Remembering that in order to install g ++ 's heady configuration environment, here is a straight python3.7, moved to tears)
( the biggest reason to push centOS 8.1 )
(but CLI is the essence of Linux)
If you use the command line:
在CentOS 8上安装Python 3.8
从源代码编译Python需要C/C++编译器和其他开发包。首先要做的是在CentOS 8上安装构建Python所需的包。为此，作为root或sudo用户运行以下命令:
[root@localhost /home/linuxidc/www.linuxidc.com]$dnf groupinstall 'development tools'
[root@localhost /home/linuxidc/www.linuxidc.com]$dnf install bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel \
ncurses-devel openssl-devel readline-devel \
sqlite-devel tk-devel xz-devel zlib-devel wget
使用wget从Python下载页面下载最新版本的源代码。 当前，最新的Python 3.8版本是3.8.1。 如果有可供下载的新版本，请在以下命令中更改VERSION变量：
[root@localhost /home/linuxidc/www.linuxidc.com]$VERSION=3.8.1
[root@localhost /home/linuxidc/www.linuxidc.com]$wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${VERSION}/Python-${VERSION}.tgz
[root@localhost /home/linuxidc/www.linuxidc.com]$tar -xf Python-${VERSION}.tgz
转到Python源目录并运行configure脚本，该脚本执行许多检查以确保系统上的所有依赖项都存在：
[root@localhost /home/linuxidc/www.linuxidc.com]$cd Python-${VERSION}
[linuxidc@localhost ~/www.linuxidc.com/Python-3.8.1]$./configure --enable-optimizations
--enable-optimizations选项通过运行多个测试来优化Python二进制文件。 这会使构建过程变慢。
通过运行以下命令启动Python 3.8构建过程：
[linuxidc@localhost ~/www.linuxidc.com/Python-3.8.1]$make -j 4
修改-j以对应于处理器中的内核数。 您可以通过键入nproc查找编号。
构建过程完成后，安装Python二进制文件：
[linuxidc@localhost ~/www.linuxidc.com/Python-3.8.1]$sudo make altinstall
OK。 CentOS系统上已经安装了Python 3.8，您可以开始使用它了。 通过键入以下内容进行验证：
[linuxidc@localhost ~/www.linuxidc.com]$python3.8 --version
Python 3.8.1
[linuxidc@localhost ~/www.linuxidc.com]$python3
Python 3.6.8 (default, Nov 21 2019, 19:31:34)
[GCC 8.3.1 20190507 (Red Hat 8.3.1-4)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
输出应显示Python版本：
Software management updates:
CentOS 8 comes with version 4.0.4 of the YUM package manager, which now uses DNF (Dandified YUM) technology as the backend. DNF is a new generation of YUM. The new operating system version allows you to use both tools to manage packages.
Other updates include virtualization updates, security updates, etc.,But the biggest update is CentOS Stream
CentOS Stream is a project that combines Fedora and RHEL. The CentOS team created the Stream version as a rolling release to try to eliminate delays and compatibility issues after major updates.
The basic idea of this project is to obtain the development update stream by changing several packages at a time. Get user feedback and resolve any issues raised by the CentOS community. Allows to build layered projects on CentOS Stream.
to sum up
In short, centOS8.1 is much easier to use than centOS7
centOS8 features finishing connection
centOS command line installation python3.8
