Common instructions
| instruction | effect |
|---|---|
| pwd | Show current path |
| tree | List the contents of the tree in a tree |
| tree aaa | Display the content of aaa files in a tree shape |
| ls | List files or folders in the directory |
| ls -a | Show all files |
| -l | Use longer format to list details ls -l |
| -h | Use -l to display the file size in a user-friendly way ls -l -h |
Switch directory
| instruction | effect |
|---|---|
| cd | Switch directory |
| cd / | Root directory |
| cd ~ some cd | Back to home directory |
| cd - | Back to the last location |
| cd … | Parent directory |
| cd . | Current directory |
| cd path | Switch to the specified path |
Create delete changes
| instruction | effect |
|---|---|
| mkdir xxx | Create Folder |
| mkdir -p a/b/c/d | Create folders recursively |
| touch xxx | Create a file |
| gedit xxx | Open the xxx file for editing. Not all Linux distributions support this command |
| rm xxx | Deleted files or folders are not recoverable |
| rm -i xxx | Add delete tips |
| rm -ra | Recursively delete everything in a and a |
Copy move
| instruction | effect |
|---|---|
| cp aaa acopy | Copy aaa source file path acopy target file path |
| cp -v and aa acopy | You can see the copy process |
| cp -i aaa acopy | You will be prompted to confirm before overwriting the file |
| cp -r aaa acopy | Copy directory If the source file is a directory file, all subdirectories and files in the directory will be copied recursively |
| cp -a aaa acopy | Copy the original attribute is usually used when copying the directory to retain the link file attribute and recursively copy |
| mv aaa xxx | Move source path target path |
| mv -i aaa xxx | Add tips |
| mv -v aaa xxx | Show moving process |
| mv old file name new file name | Move rename in a directory |
other
| instruction | effect |
|---|---|
| clear or control l | Clear screen |
| tab键 | Autocomplete |
| which xx | View the location of the instruction |
| control c | Terminate the execution of instructions |
| control shift = | Enlarge the font displayed on the terminal |
| control shift - | Reduce the font displayed on the terminal |
View files or merge file contents
| instruction | effect |
|---|---|
| cat xxx | View file xxx |
| cat -n xxx | Add numbers for each line starting from 1 |
| cat -b xxx | Number non-blank lines |
| cat -s xxx | Only one continuous blank line is displayed |
| cat xxx aaa | Connect files xxx and aaa |
| more xxx | 查看xxx文件内容的一部分 |
| more +num xxx | num为数字 从num行开始查看xxx文件内容 |
| more -p xxx | 先清屏再显示xxx文件内容 |
| more -s xxx | 连续的空行 只显示一行 |
| 快捷键 | … |
| 空格 | 查看下一屏 |
| 回车 | 查看一行 |
| control b | 查看上一屏 |
| control f | 查看下一屏 |
| q | 退出 |
指令扩展
| 指令 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| cal | 显示当前月的日历 |
| cal -3 | 显示当前月以及上下月 |
| cal -y | 显示一年 |
| cal-j | 一年中的第xx天当前天数 |
| cal 1970 | 显示1970年日历 |
| date | 当前年月日和时间 |
| date “+%Y年” | 当前年份 |
| date “+%Y年%m” | 当前年月 |
| date “+%F” | 当前年月日 |
| histroy | 查看历史指令 |
| histroy 30 | 显示最近使用的30条指令 |
| !10 | 再重新执行一次曾经使用过的编号为10的指令 |
