A:
solicitud de la página web HTML
import urllib.request
r=urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(type(r))<class 'http.client.HTTPResponse'>El método anterior de la utilización de los resultados urlopen biblioteca pedir módulo urllib.
El siguiente es un módulo de peticiones método GET.
import requests
r=requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(type(r))<class 'requests.models.Response'>Si la página se devuelve en formato JSON, puede llamar al método JSON (), puede devolver el resultado es un formato de cadena JSON es convertida diccionario.
import requests
r = requests.get(” http://httpbin.org/get”)
print(type(r.text))
print(r.json())
print ( type(r.json()))<class ’ str ’ >
{'headers': {'Accept-Encoding ':’gzip, deflate', ' Accept' : '*I * ’,’Host' : 'httpbin. org', 'User-Agent ’ .
’ p y thon-requests /2 . 10.0 ’｝，’ url ’：’ http://httpbi「1. org/get ’,’ args ’:{},’origin ’:’ 182.33.248.131 '}
<class ’dict ’>Si el retorno no es formato JSON con JSON () método se quejará.
import requests
r=requests.get('https://www.d4j.cn/')
print(r.json())json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)
dos:
adquisición de datos binarios
Obtener imagen:
import requests
r=requests.get('https://www.d4j.cn/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/touxiang1.jpg')
with open('touxiang1.jpg','wb') as f:
f.write(r.content)La obtención de un sonido:
import requests
r=requests.get('https://m10.music.126.net/20200311095903/04035a624339d0162516f5b54a0458bd/yyaac/obj/wonDkMOGw6XDiTHCmMOi/1631712277/7d44/28fe/7d74/cb614488c90af705a440a4c5332112d8.m4a')
print(type(r))
with open('pachong.m4a','wb') as f:
f.write(r.content)
tres:
Añadir a las cabeceras de solicitud.
import requests
headers={
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.132 Safari/537.36'
}
r=requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore',headers=headers)
print(r.text)
cuatro:
Utilice las peticiones POST
import requests
headers={
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.132 Safari/537.36'
}
data={'name':'lingxiaoyun','age':'22'}
r=requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',data=data,headers=headers)
print(r.text)
cinco:
La naturaleza de la respuesta de diversos
import requests
r=requests.get('https://www.jianshu.com/')
print(type(r.status_code))<class 'int'>
print(type(r.headers))<class 'requests.structures.CaseInsensitiveDict'>
print(type(r.cookies))<class 'requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar'>
print(type(r.url))<class 'str'>
print(type(r.history))<class 'list'>
seis:
Pide también ofrece un built-in de código de estado requests.codes objeto de consulta,
La comparación puede tomar el código de estado devuelto y construido en el código de estado.
r.status_code==requests.codes.+对应状态码英文
siete:
carga de archivos
import requests
files={'file':open('touxiang1.jpg','rb')}
r=requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',files=files)
print(r.text){
"args": {},
"data": "",
"files": {
"file": "data:application/octet-stream;base64,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"
},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Content-Length": "6587",
"Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=f1c122b2b66b7ff7cd2fb863746bea81",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.23.0",
"X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-5e6a1a5a-eb33730e81ad596002b15563"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "120.239.40.206",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}
ocho:
Recibe las cookies
import requests
r=requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(r.cookies)
for key,value in r.cookies.items():
print(key+'='+value)<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie BDORZ=27315 for .baidu.com/>]>
BDORZ=27315También puede copiar directamente en la página.
#用cookies维持模拟登录状态
import requests
headers={
'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.132 Safari/537.36' ,
'cookie':'_zap=3d265c1d-a192-40ae-b161-ebbdcfbc5de5; d_c0="ANDbo3r35hCPTlutBRPg1B1PlU0z9dIwk24=|1583157820"; _ga=GA1.2.665609525.1583157823; _xsrf=EVP0fTWfL0GSZPNLIW8VJ5l2ZtAzHLim; _gid=GA1.2.271137614.1583896687; capsion_ticket="2|1:0|10:1583896794|14:capsion_ticket|44:ZmJjZWU3NmRjMjI3NDNjNGFiMDM1MzEyMzQ0YjFjYTk=|e4c0624ebeb242170a53e8a54bea8a3dfe8bcc13f6eb570320b70075fbc67fd9"; z_c0="2|1:0|10:1583896815|4:z_c0|92:Mi4xcEdHU0VBQUFBQUFBME51amV2Zm1FQ1lBQUFCZ0FsVk43NlpWWHdBYlYwZ0QxZHRoVTBYUHNGNG95MDFiRnQtQmNB|0a04f55bbaeabd1a3965d304b6721c81a3f1f47d2e5a71586bf278babab30a87"; tst=r; q_c1=978b2b08310547e0a04c7aa973618e49|1583897071000|1583897071000; _gat_gtag_UA_149949619_1=1; Hm_lvt_98beee57fd2ef70ccdd5ca52b9740c49=1583637094,1583637203,1583896687,1583979866; Hm_lpvt_98beee57fd2ef70ccdd5ca52b9740c49=1583979881; KLBRSID=53650870f91603bc3193342a80cf198c|1583979881|1583979747'
}
response=requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com',headers=headers)
print(response.text)
nueve:
Sesión mantenga
Antes de la sesión no se mantiene, el programa es el equivalente de dos diversa petición de un navegador diferente. Aunque las cookies se pueden utilizar para mantener, pero más complicado, podemos utilizar simplemente el objeto Session para mantener la sesión.
import requests
requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456')
r=requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
print(r.text){
"cookies": {}
}
Aquí con la sesión:
import requests
s=requests.Session()
s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456')
r=s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
print(r.text){
"cookies": {
"number": "123456"
}
}objeto de sesión puede mantener la misma sesión, usar más.
diez:
No haga caso de las advertencias de certificado antes de usar el 12306, pero ahora la gente tiene credenciales, independientemente de su uso.
import requests
from requests.packages import urllib3
urllib3 . disable_warnings()
response = requests.get('https:／／www.12306.cn',verify= False)
print(response.status_code)
XI:
Configuración de proxy
import requests
proxies={
'http':'',
'https':'',
}
requests.get('https://www.taobao.com',proxies=proxies)
12:
autenticación
La lectura.
trece:
La solicitud se representa como una estructura de datos
La lectura.
