Basic operations and instructions for Ubuntu system

Terminal operations and command line

• Open the terminal: Use the shortcut key Ctrl + Alt + Tto open the terminal.
• Common command line operations:
  • Switch directories: use cdthe command, for example cd /path/to/directory.
  • View file contents: Use catthe command, for example cat filename.txt.
  • Create a file: use touchthe command, for example touch filename.txt.
  • Delete files: Use rmthe command, for example rm filename.txt.
• File and directory management:
  • List directory contents: Use lscommands such as lsor ls /path/to/directory.
  • Switch directories: use cdthe command, for example cd /path/to/directory.
  • To view the current directory path: use pwdthe command, for example pwd.
  • Create a directory: Use mkdirthe command, for example mkdir directoryname.
  • Delete a directory: use rmdirthe command, for example rmdir directoryname.
• Package management:
  • Install a package: Use apt-getthe command, for example sudo apt-get install packagename.
  • Update packages: Use apt-getthe command, for example sudo apt-get update.
  • Uninstall a package: use apt-getthe command, for example sudo apt-get remove packagename.
• System information and monitoring:
  • View system information: Use unamethe command, for example uname -a.
  • View system resource usage: Use topthe command, for example top.
  • View memory usage: Use freethe command, for example free -h.
  • View disk usage: Use dfthe command, for example df -h.
• Process management:
  • View processes: Use psthe command, for example ps aux.
  • Kill a process: Use killthe command, for example kill process_id.
• Network management:
  • View network interface information: Use ifconfigthe command, for example ifconfig.
  • Test network connectivity: Use pingthe command, for example ping hostname.
  • Remote connection: use sshthe command, for example ssh username@hostname.
• Permissions and user management:
  • Modify file permissions: use chmodthe command, for example chmod 755 filename.
  • Modify file owner: use chowncommand, for example chown username filename.
  • To add a new user: use useraddthe command, for example sudo useradd username.
  • To delete a user: use userdelthe command, for example sudo userdel username.
• Command line editor:
  • Using the nano editor: Use nanothe command, for example nano filename.
  • Using the vim editor: use vimthe command, for example vim filename.
• Script writing and execution:
  • Create a script file: Use a text editor to create a new file and add the script content.
  • Execute a script file: use bashthe command, for example bash scriptname.sh.