En primer lugar, permítanme describir mi entorno. Me gusta jugar, así que instalé 3 sistemas operativos en mi computadora, a saber, ubuntu22.04, opensuse 15.5 y manjora. Normalmente los uso indistintamente. Estos tres sistemas usan particiones raíz separadas / y /particiones raíz respectivamente, pero montan la misma partición de datos /u01 (almacenan archivos de datos y software, etc.)
Estos tres sistemas operativos están todos instalados con el software que uso habitualmente, como libreoffice, typora, etc.
Antes, era necesario instalar la versión deb del software en ubuntu, la versión rpm del software en openuse y la versión binaria del software en manjaro.
Más tarde, descubrí que muchos programas de Linux tienen una versión de imagen de aplicación, que puede ejecutarse sin instalación. Por ejemplo, navicat y algunos programas pueden ejecutarse siempre que estén descomprimidos, como idea.
Entonces, comencé a abandonar la versión rpm/deb y descargué la imagen de la aplicación y el paquete comprimido binario en su lugar, por lo que siempre que el archivo .desktop se cree en /usr/share/applications de acuerdo con el formato, habrá un icono correspondiente en el menú de inicio, simplemente ábralo Ejecución, muy conveniente.
De esta forma, no hay necesidad de instalar paquetes deb/rpm/binary para los 3 sistemas por separado. Solo necesita escribir el script, instalar el sistema operativo, ejecutar el script y crear .desktop para el software, respectivamente.
La mayoría de los archivos .desktop son similares, con solo dos elementos principales, uno es la ruta del programa y el otro es el ícono del programa. Para tener el mismo efecto que la instalación de rpm/deb, me refiero al contenido del archivo .desktop generado por la instalación de rpm/deb y extraigo el icono original de la imagen de la aplicación. Escriba el script de creación a continuación para su referencia.
Dividido en tres partes, a saber, libreoffice, software appimage, software de paquete de compresión binaria.
El software libreoffice incluye escritor, calc, matemáticas, impress, base, draw, etc., correspondientes a word, excel, powerpoint, access, viso y otro software en office respectivamente. También hay math (editor de fórmulas) que no tiene un producto de oficina correspondiente, y libreoffice es equivalente a la entrada. Así que hay 7 accesos directos para crear en total.
El método de escritura es un poco complicado y se enumera por separado. Ambos ubuntu22.04/opensuse 15.5/manjaro pasaron la prueba
#libreoffice
cat > /usr/share/applications/libreoffice-startcenter.desktop <<EOF
[Desktop Entry]
Version=7.5.2.2
Terminal=false
NoDisplay=false
Icon=libreoffice-startcenter
Type=Application
Categories=Office;X-Red-Hat-Base;X-SuSE-Core-Office;X-MandrivaLinux-Office-Other;
Exec=/u01/3.software/3.crossplatfrom/office/LibreOffice-7.5.2.2.standard-x86_64.AppImage %U
MimeType=application/vnd.openofficeorg.extension;x-scheme-handler/vnd.libreoffice.cmis;x-scheme-handler/vnd.sun.star.webdav;x-scheme-handler/vnd.sun.star.webdavs;x-scheme-handler/vnd.libreoffice.command;x-scheme-handler/ms-word;x-scheme-handler/ms-powerpoint;x-scheme-handler/ms-excel;x-scheme-handler/ms-visio;x-scheme-handler/ms-access;
Name=LibreOffice
GenericName=Office
Comment=The office productivity suite compatible to the open and standardized ODF document format. Supported by The Document Foundation.
StartupNotify=true
X-GIO-NoFuse=true
StartupWMClass=libreoffice-startcenter
X-KDE-Protocols=file,http,ftp,webdav,webdavs
X-AppStream-Ignore=True
Actions=Writer;Calc;Impress;Draw;Base;Math;
[Desktop Action Writer]
Name=Writer
Exec=libreoffice --writer
[Desktop Action Calc]
Name=Calc
Exec=libreoffice --calc
[Desktop Action Impress]
Name=Impress
Exec=libreoffice --impress
[Desktop Action Draw]
Name=Draw
Exec=libreoffice --draw
[Desktop Action Base]
Name=Base
Exec=libreoffice --base
[Desktop Action Math]
Name=Math
Exec=libreoffice --math
EOF
cat > /usr/share/applications/libreoffice-writer.desktop <<EOF
[Desktop Entry]
Version=7.5.2.2
Terminal=false
Icon=libreoffice-writer
Type=Application
Categories=Office;WordProcessor;
Exec=/u01/3.software/3.crossplatfrom/office/LibreOffice-7.5.2.2.standard-x86_64.AppImage --writer %U
MimeType=application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master-template;application/vnd.sun.xml.writer;application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.template;application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.global;application/msword;application/vnd.ms-word;application/x-doc;application/x-hwp;application/rtf;text/rtf;application/vnd.wordperfect;application/wordperfect;application/vnd.lotus-wordpro;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document;application/vnd.ms-word.document.macroEnabled.12;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template;application/vnd.ms-word.template.macroEnabled.12;application/vnd.ms-works;application/vnd.stardivision.writer-global;application/x-extension-txt;application/x-t602;text/plain;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-flat-xml;application/x-fictionbook+xml;application/macwriteii;application/x-aportisdoc;application/prs.plucker;application/vnd.palm;application/clarisworks;application/x-sony-bbeb;application/x-abiword;application/x-iwork-pages-sffpages;application/x-mswrite;application/x-starwriter;
Name=LibreOffice Writer
GenericName=Word Processor
Comment=Create and edit text and graphics in letters, reports, documents and Web pages by using Writer.
StartupNotify=true
X-GIO-NoFuse=true
Keywords=Text;Letter;Fax;Document;OpenDocument Text;Microsoft Word;Microsoft Works;Lotus WordPro;OpenOffice Writer;CV;odt;doc;docx;rtf;
InitialPreference=5
StartupWMClass=libreoffice-writer
X-KDE-Protocols=file,http,ftp,webdav,webdavs
Actions=NewDocument;
[Desktop Action NewDocument]
Name=New Document
Icon=document-new
Exec=libreoffice --writer
EOF
cat > /usr/share/applications/libreoffice-calc.desktop <<EOF
[Desktop Entry]
Version=7.5.2.2
Terminal=false
Icon=libreoffice-calc
Type=Application
Categories=Office;Spreadsheet;
Exec=/u01/3.software/3.crossplatfrom/office/LibreOffice-7.5.2.2.standard-x86_64.AppImage --calc %U
MimeType=application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-template;application/vnd.sun.xml.calc;application/vnd.sun.xml.calc.template;application/msexcel;application/vnd.ms-excel;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.macroEnabled.12;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template;application/vnd.ms-excel.template.macroEnabled.12;application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.binary.macroEnabled.12;text/csv;application/x-dbf;text/spreadsheet;application/csv;application/excel;application/tab-separated-values;application/vnd.lotus-1-2-3;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart-template;application/x-dbase;application/x-dos_ms_excel;application/x-excel;application/x-msexcel;application/x-ms-excel;application/x-quattropro;application/x-123;text/comma-separated-values;text/tab-separated-values;text/x-comma-separated-values;text/x-csv;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-flat-xml;application/vnd.ms-works;application/clarisworks;application/x-iwork-numbers-sffnumbers;application/x-starcalc;
Name=LibreOffice Calc
GenericName=Spreadsheet
Comment=Perform calculations, analyze information and manage lists in spreadsheets by using Calc.
StartupNotify=true
X-GIO-NoFuse=true
Keywords=Accounting;Stats;OpenDocument Spreadsheet;Chart;Microsoft Excel;Microsoft Works;OpenOffice Calc;ods;xls;xlsx;
InitialPreference=5
StartupWMClass=libreoffice-calc
X-KDE-Protocols=file,http,ftp,webdav,webdavs
Actions=NewDocument;
[Desktop Action NewDocument]
Name=New Spreadsheet
Icon=document-new
Exec=libreoffice --calc
EOF
cat > /usr/share/applications/libreoffice-impress.desktop <<EOF
[Desktop Entry]
Version=7.5.2.2
Terminal=false
Icon=libreoffice-impress
Type=Application
Categories=Office;Presentation;
Exec=/u01/3.software/3.crossplatfrom/office/LibreOffice-7.5.2.2.standard-x86_64.AppImage --impress %U
MimeType=application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-template;application/vnd.sun.xml.impress;application/vnd.sun.xml.impress.template;application/mspowerpoint;application/vnd.ms-powerpoint;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation;application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroEnabled.12;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template;application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroEnabled.12;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slide;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow;application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slideshow.macroEnabled.12;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-flat-xml;application/x-iwork-keynote-sffkey;
Name=LibreOffice Impress
GenericName=Presentation
Comment=Create and edit presentations for slideshows, meeting and Web pages by using Impress.
StartupNotify=true
X-GIO-NoFuse=true
Keywords=Slideshow;Slides;OpenDocument Presentation;Microsoft PowerPoint;Microsoft Works;OpenOffice Impress;odp;ppt;pptx;
InitialPreference=5
StartupWMClass=libreoffice-impress
X-KDE-Protocols=file,http,ftp,webdav,webdavs
Actions=NewDocument;
[Desktop Action NewDocument]
Name=New Presentation
Icon=document-new
Exec=libreoffice --impress
EOF
cat > /usr/share/applications/libreoffice-draw.desktop <<EOF
[Desktop Entry]
Version=7.5.2.2
Terminal=false
Icon=libreoffice-draw
Type=Application
Categories=Office;FlowChart;Graphics;2DGraphics;VectorGraphics;
Exec=/u01/3.software/3.crossplatfrom/office/LibreOffice-7.5.2.2.standard-x86_64.AppImage --draw %U
MimeType=application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-flat-xml;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template;application/vnd.sun.xml.draw;application/vnd.sun.xml.draw.template;application/vnd.visio;application/x-wpg;application/vnd.corel-draw;application/vnd.ms-publisher;image/x-freehand;application/clarisworks;application/x-pagemaker;application/pdf;application/x-stardraw;image/x-emf;image/x-wmf;
Name=LibreOffice Draw
GenericName=Drawing Program
Comment=Create and edit drawings, flow charts and logos by using Draw.
StartupNotify=true
X-GIO-NoFuse=true
Keywords=Vector;Schema;Diagram;Layout;OpenDocument Graphics;Microsoft Publisher;Microsoft Visio;Corel Draw;cdr;odg;svg;pdf;vsd;
InitialPreference=5
StartupWMClass=libreoffice-draw
X-KDE-Protocols=file,http,ftp,webdav,webdavs
Actions=NewDocument;
[Desktop Action NewDocument]
Name=New Drawing
Icon=document-new
Exec=libreoffice --draw
EOF
cat > /usr/share/applications/libreoffice-base.desktop <<EOF
[Desktop Entry]
Version=7.5.2.2
Terminal=false
Icon=libreoffice-base
Type=Application
Categories=Office;Database;
Exec=/u01/3.software/3.crossplatfrom/office/LibreOffice-7.5.2.2.standard-x86_64.AppImage --base %U
MimeType=application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.database;application/vnd.sun.xml.base;
Name=LibreOffice Base
GenericName=Database Development
Comment=Manage databases, create queries and reports to track and manage your information by using Base.
StartupNotify=true
X-GIO-NoFuse=true
Keywords=Data;SQL;
InitialPreference=5
StartupWMClass=libreoffice-base
X-KDE-Protocols=file,http,ftp,webdav,webdavs
Actions=NewDocument;
[Desktop Action NewDocument]
Name=New Database
Icon=document-new
Exec=libreoffice --base
EOF
cat > /usr/share/applications/libreoffice-math.desktop <<EOF
[Desktop Entry]
Version=7.5.2.2
Terminal=false
NoDisplay=false
Icon=libreoffice-math
Type=Application
Categories=Office;Math;
Exec=/u01/3.software/3.crossplatfrom/office/LibreOffice-7.5.2.2.standard-x86_64.AppImage --math %U
MimeType=application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula;application/vnd.sun.xml.math;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula-template;text/mathml;application/mathml+xml;
Name=LibreOffice Math
GenericName=Formula Editor
Comment=Create and edit scientific formulas and equations by using Math.
StartupNotify=true
X-GIO-NoFuse=true
Keywords=Equation;OpenDocument Formula;Formula;odf;MathML;
InitialPreference=5
StartupWMClass=libreoffice-math
X-KDE-Protocols=file,http,ftp,webdav,webdavs
Actions=NewDocument;
[Desktop Action NewDocument]
Name=New Formula
Icon=document-new
Exec=libreoffice --math
EOF