The method of compiling qemu-system-aarch64 from qemu source code

foreword

• When debugging RT-Thread bsp recently qemu-virt64-aarch64, I encountered a problem that the network equipment could not be used, and finally confirmed that the apt installinstalled qemu qemu-system-aarch64version used by the current ubuntu 20.04 system is too low.

• The network device in RT-Thread qemu-virt64-aarch64needs a newer qemu qemu-virt64-aarch64version

environment

• win10 64位 VMware Workstation Pro 16

• ubuntu 20.04

• gcc: gcc version 9.4.0 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1), install with ubuntu 20.04 apt install

download qemu

• clone using gitgit clone https://github.com/qemu/qemu.git

• The current latest qemu version contains some sub-warehouses, so you need to update the git submodule,git submodule update --init --force --recursive

compile qemu-system-aarch64

• You can only compile qemu-system-aarch64, which is faster and the compiled directory will be smaller

• Before compiling, you need to install some software package dependencies, the main one is glib-2.0, the installation commandsudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev

• The command to compile qemu-system-aarch64is as follows:

• First, create a build directory in the external directory of the qemu code, such as qemu_build, and then enter the qemu_build directory

# qemu 代码目录的外部创建 
mkdir qemu_build

# 进入 qemu_build 目录
cd qemu_build

# 执行 configure
../qemu/configure --prefix=/home/zhangsz/tools/qemu8 --enable-virtfs --enable-slirp --target-list=aarch64-softmmu

# 可以使用 make 或者 ninja 进行编译
ninja -j12

# 可以使用 ninja 或者 make install 进行安装到 prefix 目录（如果指定）
ninja install

• instruction manual

• ../qemu/configure: under the qemu source code pathconfigure

• --prefix=/home/zhangsz/tools/qemu8Specify the installation directory, if not specified, it will be installed in the system directory, you can view it after configurationprefix

• --enable-virtfs: Turn on the virtfs option,

• --enable-slirp: enable network card useroption

• --target-list=aarch64-softmmu: Only compile is specified here qemu-system-aarch64, without this option, all platforms will be compiled

• Compilation: make or ninja, multi-threaded compilation is recommended, the speed is faster

• To install install : you can use ninja installormake install

Platforms supported by qemu

• configs/targets/You can view the directory under the qemu source code directory

View compiled products

• After make install or ninja install, the product is as follows:

• Currently compiled version:

$ ./qemu-system-aarch64 --version
QEMU emulator version 8.0.50 (v8.0.0-2304-g408015a97d-dirty)
Copyright (c) 2003-2023 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

• Currently supported virtual appliances

$ ./qemu-system-aarch64 -M ?
Supported machines are:
akita                Sharp SL-C1000 (Akita) PDA (PXA270)
ast1030-evb          Aspeed AST1030 MiniBMC (Cortex-M4)
ast2500-evb          Aspeed AST2500 EVB (ARM1176)
ast2600-evb          Aspeed AST2600 EVB (Cortex-A7)
bletchley-bmc        Facebook Bletchley BMC (Cortex-A7)
borzoi               Sharp SL-C3100 (Borzoi) PDA (PXA270)
bpim2u               Bananapi M2U (Cortex-A7)
canon-a1100          Canon PowerShot A1100 IS (ARM946)
cheetah              Palm Tungsten|E aka. Cheetah PDA (OMAP310)
collie               Sharp SL-5500 (Collie) PDA (SA-1110)
connex               Gumstix Connex (PXA255)
cubieboard           cubietech cubieboard (Cortex-A8)
emcraft-sf2          SmartFusion2 SOM kit from Emcraft (M2S010)
fby35-bmc            Facebook fby35 BMC (Cortex-A7)
fby35                Meta Platforms fby35
fp5280g2-bmc         Inspur FP5280G2 BMC (ARM1176)
fuji-bmc             Facebook Fuji BMC (Cortex-A7)
g220a-bmc            Bytedance G220A BMC (ARM1176)
highbank             Calxeda Highbank (ECX-1000)
imx25-pdk            ARM i.MX25 PDK board (ARM926)
integratorcp         ARM Integrator/CP (ARM926EJ-S)
kudo-bmc             Kudo BMC (Cortex-A9)
kzm                  ARM KZM Emulation Baseboard (ARM1136)
lm3s6965evb          Stellaris LM3S6965EVB (Cortex-M3)
lm3s811evb           Stellaris LM3S811EVB (Cortex-M3)
mainstone            Mainstone II (PXA27x)
mcimx6ul-evk         Freescale i.MX6UL Evaluation Kit (Cortex-A7)
mcimx7d-sabre        Freescale i.MX7 DUAL SABRE (Cortex-A7)
microbit             BBC micro:bit (Cortex-M0)
midway               Calxeda Midway (ECX-2000)
mori-bmc             Mori BMC (Cortex-A9)
mps2-an385           ARM MPS2 with AN385 FPGA image for Cortex-M3
mps2-an386           ARM MPS2 with AN386 FPGA image for Cortex-M4
mps2-an500           ARM MPS2 with AN500 FPGA image for Cortex-M7
mps2-an505           ARM MPS2 with AN505 FPGA image for Cortex-M33
mps2-an511           ARM MPS2 with AN511 DesignStart FPGA image for Cortex-M3
mps2-an521           ARM MPS2 with AN521 FPGA image for dual Cortex-M33
mps3-an524           ARM MPS3 with AN524 FPGA image for dual Cortex-M33
mps3-an547           ARM MPS3 with AN547 FPGA image for Cortex-M55
musca-a              ARM Musca-A board (dual Cortex-M33)
musca-b1             ARM Musca-B1 board (dual Cortex-M33)
musicpal             Marvell 88w8618 / MusicPal (ARM926EJ-S)
n800                 Nokia N800 tablet aka. RX-34 (OMAP2420)
n810                 Nokia N810 tablet aka. RX-44 (OMAP2420)
netduino2            Netduino 2 Machine (Cortex-M3)
netduinoplus2        Netduino Plus 2 Machine (Cortex-M4)
none                 empty machine
npcm750-evb          Nuvoton NPCM750 Evaluation Board (Cortex-A9)
nuri                 Samsung NURI board (Exynos4210)
olimex-stm32-h405    Olimex STM32-H405 (Cortex-M4)
orangepi-pc          Orange Pi PC (Cortex-A7)
palmetto-bmc         OpenPOWER Palmetto BMC (ARM926EJ-S)
qcom-dc-scm-v1-bmc   Qualcomm DC-SCM V1 BMC (Cortex A7)
qcom-firework-bmc    Qualcomm DC-SCM V1/Firework BMC (Cortex A7)
quanta-gbs-bmc       Quanta GBS (Cortex-A9)
quanta-gsj           Quanta GSJ (Cortex-A9)
quanta-q71l-bmc      Quanta-Q71l BMC (ARM926EJ-S)
rainier-bmc          IBM Rainier BMC (Cortex-A7)
raspi0               Raspberry Pi Zero (revision 1.2)
raspi1ap             Raspberry Pi A+ (revision 1.1)
raspi2b              Raspberry Pi 2B (revision 1.1)
raspi3ap             Raspberry Pi 3A+ (revision 1.0)
raspi3b              Raspberry Pi 3B (revision 1.2)
realview-eb          ARM RealView Emulation Baseboard (ARM926EJ-S)
realview-eb-mpcore   ARM RealView Emulation Baseboard (ARM11MPCore)
realview-pb-a8       ARM RealView Platform Baseboard for Cortex-A8
realview-pbx-a9      ARM RealView Platform Baseboard Explore for Cortex-A9
romulus-bmc          OpenPOWER Romulus BMC (ARM1176)
sabrelite            Freescale i.MX6 Quad SABRE Lite Board (Cortex-A9)
sbsa-ref             QEMU 'SBSA Reference' ARM Virtual Machine
smdkc210             Samsung SMDKC210 board (Exynos4210)
sonorapass-bmc       OCP SonoraPass BMC (ARM1176)
spitz                Sharp SL-C3000 (Spitz) PDA (PXA270)
stm32vldiscovery     ST STM32VLDISCOVERY (Cortex-M3)
supermicro-x11spi-bmc Supermicro X11 SPI BMC (ARM1176)
supermicrox11-bmc    Supermicro X11 BMC (ARM926EJ-S)
sx1                  Siemens SX1 (OMAP310) V2
sx1-v1               Siemens SX1 (OMAP310) V1
tacoma-bmc           OpenPOWER Tacoma BMC (Cortex-A7)
terrier              Sharp SL-C3200 (Terrier) PDA (PXA270)
tiogapass-bmc        Facebook Tiogapass BMC (ARM1176)
tosa                 Sharp SL-6000 (Tosa) PDA (PXA255)
verdex               Gumstix Verdex Pro XL6P COMs (PXA270)
versatileab          ARM Versatile/AB (ARM926EJ-S)
versatilepb          ARM Versatile/PB (ARM926EJ-S)
vexpress-a15         ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A15
vexpress-a9          ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A9
virt-2.10            QEMU 2.10 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.11            QEMU 2.11 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.12            QEMU 2.12 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.6             QEMU 2.6 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.7             QEMU 2.7 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.8             QEMU 2.8 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.9             QEMU 2.9 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-3.0             QEMU 3.0 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-3.1             QEMU 3.1 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-4.0             QEMU 4.0 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-4.1             QEMU 4.1 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-4.2             QEMU 4.2 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-5.0             QEMU 5.0 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-5.1             QEMU 5.1 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-5.2             QEMU 5.2 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-6.0             QEMU 6.0 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-6.1             QEMU 6.1 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-6.2             QEMU 6.2 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-7.0             QEMU 7.0 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-7.1             QEMU 7.1 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-7.2             QEMU 7.2 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-8.0             QEMU 8.0 ARM Virtual Machine
virt                 QEMU 8.1 ARM Virtual Machine (alias of virt-8.1)
virt-8.1             QEMU 8.1 ARM Virtual Machine
witherspoon-bmc      OpenPOWER Witherspoon BMC (ARM1176)
xilinx-zynq-a9       Xilinx Zynq Platform Baseboard for Cortex-A9
xlnx-versal-virt     Xilinx Versal Virtual development board
xlnx-zcu102          Xilinx ZynqMP ZCU102 board with 4xA53s and 2xR5Fs based on the value of smp
yosemitev2-bmc       Facebook YosemiteV2 BMC (ARM1176)
z2                   Zipit Z2 (PXA27x)

Instructions

• You can modify the environment variables of the system to make it qemu-system-aarch64take effect

• Modify /etc/profile, sudo vim /etc/profile, and finally add qemu-system-aarch64the installation path of qemuexport PATH=$PATH:/home/zhangsz/tools/qemu8/bin

• Then execute it source /etc/profile, it will take effect, and then execute it directly qemu-system-aarch64, without the full path

summary

• qemu-system-aarch64This article mainly records how to use the qemu source code to compile a newer version

• The current version of qemu installed by default apt install on ubuntu 20.04 is relatively low. You can try to manually compile qemu and upgrade the version of qemu

• To compile other platforms, for example qemu-system-arm, only need to change the compilation configuration:--target-list=arm-softmmu

# 执行 configure
../qemu/configure --prefix=/home/zhangsz/tools/qemu8 --enable-virtfs --enable-slirp --target-list=arm-softmmu