Ejercicio de fortalecimiento de respaldo de base de datos MySQL case combat-MySQL

Prefacio

Este entorno se basa en el sistema Centos 7.8 para construir MySQL-5.7.14 para
una construcción específica, consulte la construcción del entorno MySQL-5.7.14

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Preparación de material

# 1.创建student和score表
# 创建school数据库

create database school



CREATE  TABLE  student (

id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  ,

name  VARCHAR(20)  NOT NULL ,

sex  VARCHAR(4)  ,

birth  YEAR,

department  VARCHAR(20) ,

address  VARCHAR(50) 

);



# 创建score表。SQL代码如下：



CREATE  TABLE  score (

id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  AUTO_INCREMENT ,

stu_id  INT(10)  NOT NULL ,

c_name  VARCHAR(20) ,

grade  INT(10)

);



# 2.为student表和score表增加记录



# 向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：



INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');



# 向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

Los datos de copia de seguridad

	student库：
	mysql> select database();
	+------------+
	| database() |
	+------------+
	| school     |
	+------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

	score表：
	mysql> desc score;
	+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
	| Field  | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
	+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
	| id     | int(10)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
	| stu_id | int(10)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
	| c_name | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
	| grade  | int(10)     | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
	+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
	4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
	
	
	student表：
	mysql> desc student;
	+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
	| Field      | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
	+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
	| id         | int(10)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
	| name       | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
	| sex        | varchar(4)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
	| birth      | year(4)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
	| department | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
	| address    | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
	+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
	6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

	
	2.为student表和score表增加记录
	score表：
	mysql> select * from score;
	+----+--------+-----------+-------+
	| id | stu_id | c_name    | grade |
	+----+--------+-----------+-------+
	|  1 |    901 | 计算机    |    98 |
	|  2 |    901 | 英语      |    80 |
	|  3 |    902 | 计算机    |    65 |
	|  4 |    902 | 中文      |    88 |
	|  5 |    903 | 中文      |    95 |
	|  6 |    904 | 计算机    |    70 |
	|  7 |    904 | 英语      |    92 |
	|  8 |    905 | 英语      |    94 |
	|  9 |    906 | 计算机    |    90 |
	| 10 |    906 | 英语      |    85 |
	+----+--------+-----------+-------+
	10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
	
	student表：
	mysql> select * from student;
	+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
	| id  | name      | sex  | birth | department   | address            |
	+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
	| 901 | 张老大    | 男   |  1985 | 计算机系     | 北京市海淀区       |
	| 902 | 张老二    | 男   |  1986 | 中文系       | 北京市昌平区       |
	| 903 | 张三      | 女   |  1990 | 中文系       | 湖南省永州市       |
	| 904 | 李四      | 男   |  1990 | 英语系       | 辽宁省阜新市       |
	| 905 | 王五      | 女   |  1991 | 英语系       | 福建省厦门市       |
	| 906 | 王六      | 男   |  1988 | 计算机系     | 湖南省衡阳市       |
	+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
	6 rows in set (0.00 sec)



--- 开始备份

	3.备份数据库school到/backup目录 
	[root@mysql-yum ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B school > /backup/school_db.sql
	[root@mysql-yum ~]# ll /backup/school_db.sql 
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3447 Jan 31 19:48 /backup/school_db.sql

	4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库 
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B mysql > /backup/mysql.sql
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll /backup/mysql.sql 
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 772565 Jan 31 19:57 /backup/mysql.sql

	5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份 
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B mysql | gzip > /backup/mysql.sql.gz
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll /backup/mysql.sql.gz 
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 207823 Jan 31 19:59 /backup/mysql.sql.gz

	6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表
	mysql.user:
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 mysql user > /backup/mysql_user.sql
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll //backup/mysql_user.sql
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5906 Jan 31 20:02 //backup/mysql_user.sql
	school.student:
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 school student > /backup/school_student.sql
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll /backup/school_student.sql
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2384 Jan 31 20:04 /backup/school_student.sql

	7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备） 
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B db1 db2 school > /backup/db1_db2_school.sql
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll /backup/db1_db2_school.sql
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9506 Jan 31 20:06 /backup/db1_db2_school.sql

	8.仅仅备份数据库结构 
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B school -d > /backup/school_db_nodata.sql
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll /backup/school_db_nodata.sql
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2452 Jan 31 20:08 /backup/school_db_nodata.sql

	9.备份服务器上所有数据库 
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -A > /backup/all_db_data.sql
	mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll /backup/all_db_data.sql
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 788026 Jan 31 20:09 /backup/all_db_data.sql

	10.还原MySQL数据库 
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < /backup/mysql.sql

	11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库 
	[root@mysql-yum backup]# zcat /backup/mysql.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p123456

	12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库 
	[root@mysql-yum ~]# innobackupex -u root -p 123456 --no-timestamp /backup/mysql/all_db_`date +%F`

	13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份 
	[root@mysql-yum ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
	[root@mysql-yum ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
	[root@mysql-yum mysql]# rm -rf *
	[root@mysql-yum mysql]# innobackupex -u root -p 123456 --apply-log /backup/mysql/all_db_2021-01-31/
	[root@mysql-yum mysql]# innobackupex -u root -p 123456 --copy-back /backup/mysql/all_db_2021-01-31/
	[root@mysql-yum mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql
	[root@mysql-yum mysql]# systemctl start mysqld

	14.使用mydumper备份数据库 
	[root@mysql-yum ~]# mydumper -u root -p 123456 -B school -o /back/mysql/
	[root@mysql-yum ~]# ll /back/mysql
	total 24
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 136 Jan 31 22:58 metadata
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  65 Jan 31 22:58 school-schema-create.sql
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 331 Jan 31 22:58 school.score-schema.sql
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 352 Jan 31 22:58 school.score.sql
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 377 Jan 31 22:58 school.student-schema.sql
	-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 503 Jan 31 22:58 school.student.sql

	15.使用mydumper恢复数据库
	[root@mysql-yum ~]# myloader -u root -p 123456 -B school -o -d /back/mysql