Softmax and classification model
softmax achieve zero
import torch
import torchvision
import numpy as np
import sys
sys.path.append("/home/kesci/input")
import d2lzh1981 as d2l
print(torch.__version__)
print(torchvision.__version__)
Obtain training data and test data sets
batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size, root='/home/kesci/input/FashionMNIST2065')
Model initialization parameters
num_inputs = 784
print(28*28)
num_outputs = 10
W = torch.tensor(np.random.normal(0, 0.01, (num_inputs, num_outputs)), dtype=torch.float)
b = torch.zeros(num_outputs, dtype=torch.float)
784
W.requires_grad_(requires_grad=True)
b.requires_grad_(requires_grad=True)
tensor([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.], requires_grad=True)
Dimensionally operating multidimensional Tensor
X = torch.tensor([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print(X.sum(dim=0, keepdim=True)) # dim为0，按照相同的列求和，并在结果中保留列特征
print(X.sum(dim=1, keepdim=True)) # dim为1，按照相同的行求和，并在结果中保留行特征
print(X.sum(dim=0, keepdim=False)) # dim为0，按照相同的列求和，不在结果中保留列特征
print(X.sum(dim=1, keepdim=False)) # dim为1，按照相同的行求和，不在结果中保留行特征
tensor([[5, 7, 9]])
tensor([[ 6],
[15]])
tensor([5, 7, 9])
tensor([ 6, 15])
Defined softmax operation
def softmax(X):
X_exp = X.exp()
partition = X_exp.sum(dim=1, keepdim=True)
# print("X size is ", X_exp.size())
# print("partition size is ", partition, partition.size())
return X_exp / partition # 这里应用了广播机制
X = torch.rand((2, 5))
X_prob = softmax(X)
print(X_prob, '\n', X_prob.sum(dim=1))
tensor([[0.2253, 0.1823, 0.1943, 0.2275, 0.1706],
[0.1588, 0.2409, 0.2310, 0.1670, 0.2024]])
tensor([1.0000, 1.0000])
softmax regression model
def net(X):
return softmax(torch.mm(X.view((-1, num_inputs)), W) + b)
Defined loss function
y_hat = torch.tensor([[0.1, 0.3, 0.6], [0.3, 0.2, 0.5]])
y = torch.LongTensor([0, 2])
y_hat.gather(1, y.view(-1, 1))
tensor([[0.1000],
[0.5000]])
def cross_entropy(y_hat, y):
return - torch.log(y_hat.gather(1, y.view(-1, 1)))
Define the accuracy of
our model training is over when the model predictions, we will use the exact rate defined here.
def accuracy(y_hat, y):
return (y_hat.argmax(dim=1) == y).float().mean().item()
print(accuracy(y_hat, y))#0.5
# 本函数已保存在d2lzh_pytorch包中方便以后使用。该函数将被逐步改进：它的完整实现将在“图像增广”一节中描述
def evaluate_accuracy(data_iter, net):
acc_sum, n = 0.0, 0
for X, y in data_iter:
acc_sum += (net(X).argmax(dim=1) == y).float().sum().item()
n += y.shape[0]
return acc_sum / n
print(evaluate_accuracy(test_iter, net))#0.1445
Trainer
num_epochs, lr = 5, 0.1
# 本函数已保存在d2lzh_pytorch包中方便以后使用
def train_ch3(net, train_iter, test_iter, loss, num_epochs, batch_size,
params=None, lr=None, optimizer=None):
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
train_l_sum, train_acc_sum, n = 0.0, 0.0, 0
for X, y in train_iter:
y_hat = net(X)
l = loss(y_hat, y).sum()
# 梯度清零
if optimizer is not None:
optimizer.zero_grad()
elif params is not None and params[0].grad is not None:
for param in params:
param.grad.data.zero_()
l.backward()
if optimizer is None:
d2l.sgd(params, lr, batch_size)
else:
optimizer.step()
train_l_sum += l.item()
train_acc_sum += (y_hat.argmax(dim=1) == y).sum().item()
n += y.shape[0]
test_acc = evaluate_accuracy(test_iter, net)
print('epoch %d, loss %.4f, train acc %.3f, test acc %.3f'
% (epoch + 1, train_l_sum / n, train_acc_sum / n, test_acc))
train_ch3(net, train_iter, test_iter, cross_entropy, num_epochs, batch_size, [W, b], lr)
epoch 1, loss 0.7851, train acc 0.750, test acc 0.791
epoch 2, loss 0.5704, train acc 0.814, test acc 0.810
epoch 3, loss 0.5258, train acc 0.825, test acc 0.819
epoch 4, loss 0.5014, train acc 0.832, test acc 0.824
epoch 5, loss 0.4865, train acc 0.836, test acc 0.827
Model predicts
Now our model training is over, it can be predicted that in the end we have an accurate model of the training is not accurate. Now we can show how the image is classified. Given a series of images (the third line of image output), we compare their true label (the first line of text output) and model predictions (second line of text output).
X, y = iter(test_iter).next()
true_labels = d2l.get_fashion_mnist_labels(y.numpy())
pred_labels = d2l.get_fashion_mnist_labels(net(X).argmax(dim=1).numpy())
titles = [true + '\n' + pred for true, pred in zip(true_labels, pred_labels)]
d2l.show_fashion_mnist(X[0:9], titles[0:9])
softmax simple realization
# 加载各种包或者模块
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import init
import numpy as np
import sys
sys.path.append("/home/kesci/input")
import d2lzh1981 as d2l
print(torch.__version__)
Initialization parameters and data acquisition
batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size, root='/home/kesci/input/FashionMNIST2065')
Defining network model
num_inputs = 784
num_outputs = 10
class LinearNet(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, num_inputs, num_outputs):
super(LinearNet, self).__init__()
self.linear = nn.Linear(num_inputs, num_outputs)
def forward(self, x): # x 的形状: (batch, 1, 28, 28)
y = self.linear(x.view(x.shape[0], -1))
return y
# net = LinearNet(num_inputs, num_outputs)
class FlattenLayer(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(FlattenLayer, self).__init__()
def forward(self, x): # x 的形状: (batch, *, *, ...)
return x.view(x.shape[0], -1)
from collections import OrderedDict
net = nn.Sequential(
# FlattenLayer(),
# LinearNet(num_inputs, num_outputs)
OrderedDict([
('flatten', FlattenLayer()),
('linear', nn.Linear(num_inputs, num_outputs))]) # 或者写成我们自己定义的 LinearNet(num_inputs, num_outputs) 也可以
)
Model initialization parameters
init.normal_(net.linear.weight, mean=0, std=0.01)
init.constant_(net.linear.bias, val=0)
Parameter containing:
tensor([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.], requires_grad=True)
Defined loss function
loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 下面是他的函数原型
# class torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss(weight=None, size_average=None, ignore_index=-100, reduce=None, reduction='mean')
Defined optimization function
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.1) # 下面是函数原型
# class torch.optim.SGD(params, lr=, momentum=0, dampening=0, weight_decay=0, nesterov=False)
training
num_epochs = 5
d2l.train_ch3(net, train_iter, test_iter, loss, num_epochs, batch_size, None, None, optimizer)
epoch 1, loss 0.0031, train acc 0.751, test acc 0.795
epoch 2, loss 0.0022, train acc 0.813, test acc 0.809
epoch 3, loss 0.0021, train acc 0.825, test acc 0.806
epoch 4, loss 0.0020, train acc 0.833, test acc 0.813
epoch 5, loss 0.0019, train acc 0.837, test acc 0.822
