One:
Html web page request
import urllib.request
r=urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(type(r))<class 'http.client.HTTPResponse'>The above method of using the results urlopen urllib request module library.
The following is a module requests get method.
import requests
r=requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(type(r))<class 'requests.models.Response'>If the page is returned in JSON format, you can call json () method, you can return the result is a string JSON format is converted dictionary.
import requests
r = requests.get(” http://httpbin.org/get”)
print(type(r.text))
print(r.json())
print ( type(r.json()))<class ’ str ’ >
{'headers': {'Accept-Encoding ':’gzip, deflate', ' Accept' : '*I * ’,’Host' : 'httpbin. org', 'User-Agent ’ .
’ p y thon-requests /2 . 10.0 ’｝，’ url ’：’ http://httpbi「1. org/get ’,’ args ’:{},’origin ’:’ 182.33.248.131 '}
<class ’dict ’>If the return is not JSON format with json () method will complain.
import requests
r=requests.get('https://www.d4j.cn/')
print(r.json())json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)
two:
Binary data acquisition
Get Picture:
import requests
r=requests.get('https://www.d4j.cn/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/touxiang1.jpg')
with open('touxiang1.jpg','wb') as f:
f.write(r.content)Obtaining an audio:
import requests
r=requests.get('https://m10.music.126.net/20200311095903/04035a624339d0162516f5b54a0458bd/yyaac/obj/wonDkMOGw6XDiTHCmMOi/1631712277/7d44/28fe/7d74/cb614488c90af705a440a4c5332112d8.m4a')
print(type(r))
with open('pachong.m4a','wb') as f:
f.write(r.content)
three:
Add to request headers.
import requests
headers={
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.132 Safari/537.36'
}
r=requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore',headers=headers)
print(r.text)
four:
Use post requests
import requests
headers={
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.132 Safari/537.36'
}
data={'name':'lingxiaoyun','age':'22'}
r=requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',data=data,headers=headers)
print(r.text)
Fives:
Nature of the response of various
import requests
r=requests.get('https://www.jianshu.com/')
print(type(r.status_code))<class 'int'>
print(type(r.headers))<class 'requests.structures.CaseInsensitiveDict'>
print(type(r.cookies))<class 'requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar'>
print(type(r.url))<class 'str'>
print(type(r.history))<class 'list'>
six:
requests also offers a built-in status code query object requests.codes,
Comparison can take the status code returned and built-in status code.
r.status_code==requests.codes.+对应状态码英文
Seven:
File Upload
import requests
files={'file':open('touxiang1.jpg','rb')}
r=requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',files=files)
print(r.text){
"args": {},
"data": "",
"files": {
"file": "data:application/octet-stream;base64,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"
},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Content-Length": "6587",
"Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=f1c122b2b66b7ff7cd2fb863746bea81",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.23.0",
"X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-5e6a1a5a-eb33730e81ad596002b15563"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "120.239.40.206",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}
Eight:
Get cookies
import requests
r=requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(r.cookies)
for key,value in r.cookies.items():
print(key+'='+value)<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie BDORZ=27315 for .baidu.com/>]>
BDORZ=27315You can also copy directly on the page.
#用cookies维持模拟登录状态
import requests
headers={
'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.132 Safari/537.36' ,
'cookie':'_zap=3d265c1d-a192-40ae-b161-ebbdcfbc5de5; d_c0="ANDbo3r35hCPTlutBRPg1B1PlU0z9dIwk24=|1583157820"; _ga=GA1.2.665609525.1583157823; _xsrf=EVP0fTWfL0GSZPNLIW8VJ5l2ZtAzHLim; _gid=GA1.2.271137614.1583896687; capsion_ticket="2|1:0|10:1583896794|14:capsion_ticket|44:ZmJjZWU3NmRjMjI3NDNjNGFiMDM1MzEyMzQ0YjFjYTk=|e4c0624ebeb242170a53e8a54bea8a3dfe8bcc13f6eb570320b70075fbc67fd9"; z_c0="2|1:0|10:1583896815|4:z_c0|92:Mi4xcEdHU0VBQUFBQUFBME51amV2Zm1FQ1lBQUFCZ0FsVk43NlpWWHdBYlYwZ0QxZHRoVTBYUHNGNG95MDFiRnQtQmNB|0a04f55bbaeabd1a3965d304b6721c81a3f1f47d2e5a71586bf278babab30a87"; tst=r; q_c1=978b2b08310547e0a04c7aa973618e49|1583897071000|1583897071000; _gat_gtag_UA_149949619_1=1; Hm_lvt_98beee57fd2ef70ccdd5ca52b9740c49=1583637094,1583637203,1583896687,1583979866; Hm_lpvt_98beee57fd2ef70ccdd5ca52b9740c49=1583979881; KLBRSID=53650870f91603bc3193342a80cf198c|1583979881|1583979747'
}
response=requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com',headers=headers)
print(response.text)
nine:
Session to maintain
Before the session is not maintained, the program is the equivalent of two different request a different browser. Although cookies can be used to maintain, but more complicated, we can easily use the Session object to maintain the session.
import requests
requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456')
r=requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
print(r.text){
"cookies": {}
}
Here with Session:
import requests
s=requests.Session()
s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456')
r=s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
print(r.text){
"cookies": {
"number": "123456"
}
}Session object can maintain the same session, use more.
ten:
Ignore certificate warnings before using the 12306, but now people have credentials, regardless of use.
import requests
from requests.packages import urllib3
urllib3 . disable_warnings()
response = requests.get('https:／／www.12306.cn',verify= False)
print(response.status_code)
eleven:
Proxy Settings
import requests
proxies={
'http':'',
'https':'',
}
requests.get('https://www.taobao.com',proxies=proxies)
twelve:
Authentication
Reading.
thirteen:
The request is represented as a data structure
Reading.
