Spirit of Taoism - Duo
Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, Chinese history has been a kind of popular witchcraft is essentially religious, but it has very excellent, deep Taoist school of thought do it according to the theory, and I Bong its founder, claiming they are able to Taoist. Laozhuang care of future generations, he said virtually no relationship between Taoism and Taoism, Taoist Taoism life and took to do their own amulet, it is despicable means of Taoism, Taoist not enough to hurt the innocent. And those who stand guarding the Confucian and Taoism faint of heresy who also admitted Taoism Taoism is fallen. On the two factions who deliberately partial to the former school of Taoism, but did not fully grasp the essence of Taoism, after school, although how much of Taoism malicious, but a better understanding of Taoism, but still can not help but to "skin deep." Such people can be said to lack a point of historical perspective. A thing of a higher to a lower stage of degradation, of course, is a common phenomenon, but whether a higher stage also have to have a history of it? Higher stage did not reach before, it seems can not do without a lower class, I often suspect this Taoism philosophy or metaphysics must have a predecessor, but the former is likely to be some kind of primitive religion full of mystical thought, or more specifically, point of speaking a witch to teach. This religion, I am afraid no big difference with the later Taoism in the basic nature, though very different in form as possible and organization. The unknown ancient religion, we can tentatively called ancient Taoism, Taoist consequent since the Eastern Han Dynasty to call it a new Taoism. I thought as it is said that the new Taoism Taoist fallen, as it is the resurrection of ancient Taoism. No, the ancient Taoist perhaps have never had died. New ancient Taoist Taoism is just a normal, natural tissue only. Here we should separate religion and philosophy, as two accounts to liquidation. Ancient Taoism Taoism is to develop a new system, it should be ranked in a line. Philosophy of Taoism is an ancient Taoist quality secreted out. Now that secreted essence, that the dregs left behind, no matter what play fermentation, the essence is not responsible. After a gestation period of ancient Taoism, then fermented to form a kind of Taoism, which is the religion their own thing, and it is already out of Taoism and religious relations ware? Taoism Taoism fallen not only on the new behavior can sue innocent, and it is sorry for the ancient Taoist also to extract some of the best achievements. Taoism Taoist only be grateful. But Taoism is born in Taoism, is probably the true facts, if it is suspected that inferiority, and want to evade or deny, that it is not deserved.
I called the ancient Taoist what kind of things? Detailed description herein is not promised to space, I can only pull out to make a few to talk about.
New generations of Taoist Feng, although I was the founder, but really close to the religion of Taoism or Chuang Tzu. "Zhuangzi" the book is really full of mystical thought, this idea it is clear that anti-shadow An Ancient religion. Although the "I" in the book but also with a very strong mystery, but compared to "Zhuangzi" it seems to be much lighter. In this respect, we must also agree to the views of the majority of modern scholars, at least that age, "I" of this book, as in "Zhuangzi" post. As recorded under these fragments of the book "Zhuangzi" is not always "Forgetting the Words" readers think Zhuang Zi "Fables", or even the wording of rhetoric or something right?
God mountain people living Gushe Miao Yan, if snow skin, graceful if the child does not eat grains, suction drink dew, by clouds, imperial dragon, and travel outside the almost universal; Shenning which the defect was not Pandora , while in the valley cooked. ...... the people, was injured Mo, big dip protracted days without drowning, flow stone drought, soil Hill Coke without heat. ( "Escape")
Cardiff Road love letter, inaction invisible, and can not be passed by; Ke Deer invisible, since from this root No world, since ancient times to sequestration, God Emperor spirits, raw natural, in Tai Chi and not for the first high, but not as deep under the six-pole, for the first heaven and earth refuses to long, not for longer than the ancient old. Herba of Webster have to pull out the world, have the V's play, to the passage of gas mother, Weidou too, the Intuit Zhonggu not give the sun and moon, Zhonggu endless, worthy of too bad to attack Kunlun, Yi Feng get it to travel Okawa, shoulder I get it, in order to place the mountain, the Yellow Emperor was the order to board the sky, was the Zhuanxu to place Genkyu, Yu Jiang get it, stand almost Arctic, West Queen Mother was the sitting almost less broad , Mozhi its beginning, Mozhi finally, to give the PANG, and there is a danger, and the five primary, Fu put, the relative Wu Ding, the world has suddenly, by East-dimensional, rather than riding Kei tail to USS . ( "Great master")
Human god men, Osawa not burning hot, milky congealed but not cold, in terror of death broken hill, Piaofeng Zhenhai not scared. If so, who, by clouds, sun and moon ride, and travel outside the almost universal, no change in own life and death. ( "Equality of Things")
These are just a few examples drawn from "the articles", the remaining "Outer Chapters" still many similar words. These must not be said to be fables, (Chuang Tzu called "Fables" has its special meaning, not discussed here). That is a fable, and the author himself must first possibility for the authenticity of which no doubt, and then trust it has finally agreed to clarify or confirm the utility of a truth. You will never use "false" to demonstrate "true" or with "impossible" to prove "possible", Chuang Tzu would not want such a dialectic. In fact, Chuang Tzu called "God" and "reality" and the like, in his own genuinely believe that they are indeed "people". He also believed that authentic "person" is as transcendent, and now the reason people did not, but the result was the chop funeral of acquired moral virtue and the like. He called it authentic "person" as "real" or "God" or "day" on the grounds will be in here.
As long as we remember the immortal soul belief is a basic starting point of religion, this thought of Zhuangzi, I do not feel the bizarre. His so-called "God" or "reality", which actually means personified soul. The "channel" or "day" actually means "soul" instead of the word. The soul is no birth and no death, the body is life, it is true, consequent, which in turn physical presence is false. Really "days" fake "people." A full range of Chuang Tzu thought can be said from this point. More or less close and Chuang Tzu, to your own rebirth for the purpose of Taoism in other tribes, but also said to be inferring from Zhuangzi down emotions. The sequential arrangement of these tribes down, we can find mystery more shallow, the more proximate reality, Chen Yi also lower the low to an extreme, is immortal home, in the family room (this according to the "Han Dynasty" category) and other low-level perverted form of raising technology. Mr. Feng Zhisheng once said, Yang Zhu school of your birth weight has been said is just not to hurt the students of the road, while others hurt me to deal with only one way to avoid tactics. However, changing endless personnel, victims do not have to avoid those. I of the study, is found General of the universe things change, then those who know it can be applied, it may be desirable "No body will not be threatened." Zhuangzi "Human World" also studied in this world, and how I can into it and not suffer. However, these methods are not foolproof Paul I to. Cover personnel status quo infinite, invisible factors which much of it also. So the old school is for the punch through the back wall of teaching:
So we have a large patient, as I virtual Expo. And no body, I have hang?
This really Taichetaiwu words. Following this village school and say "Let's life and death, my colleagues." Not to harm harm, so is the real harm can not hurt. From the above analysis, a conclusion next Fung, "I of the study, the study one step further cover on Yang Zhu Chuang Tzu of the study, even more into the story too." Fung position on the philosophy of the Young Laozhuang the three Chen sense, as arranged by the coarse and fine sequence, right. We may now stand religious thought, said Chuang Tzu mystery heaviest, with the closest religion, I followed his immediate reality Yang Zhu, also the farthest away from the religion, by the Yang Zhu further room into a fairy Zhu Yang the square-shaped skills, further, once a "gradual" approach to "support" shaped not work hard, but the best kind of a "meal" or "change" form of herbs, it would be sent to the Qin and Han generation seek "elixir" of the activities. Zhuang and always repose, Yang Zhu described as health, home school is a fairy-shaped support and those who are deformation - seek to change this dead flesh immortal soul by the demand, which means the internal strength to change the external work, external work, he also made gradually as well as Dayton, - this will include the Warring States, Qin, Han between Taoism and most of the technical side, and dating back to its original roots of faith is a religion.
In addition to the Taoist immortal home, then there are two factions "significant learning", is the yin and yang with the Mohists. And the relationship between these two religious scholars have long been noticed, without expounding here. We should now examine is the relationship between the two and what happens is that kind of religion - that is, above the so-called ancient Taoism, or another or several religions. On this point, we can first answer, they are not part of religious Confucianism. As seen by the ancient peoples of complex situations, ancient religion should be more than one. Although unwilling to Confucian religious pretensions, it is actually derived from or freed of religion, and this religion and ancient Taoist completely different. What is it Confucian religion? Mr. Hu enumerated three main points of ancient religious superstition:
(A) will have a perception, can Shangshanfae of Heaven;
(B) the nature worship germplasm force of superstition, such as mountains and rivers offering heaven and earth and the like;
(Iii) the spirits of superstition, that the dead have to know, to make fortune, it must sacrifice to support them.
Hu believes these three superstition "can be regarded as the state religion of ancient China, the leader of the state religion of the 'Son of Heaven'" and that "the name of the Son of Heaven, but there is this ancient state religion of irrefutable evidence." Mr. Hu to three points ancient religious center, "state religion" in China is right, but what he called "ancient China" seems to include west Qinlong, ancient northern ethnic entire Yellow River Basin east of Qilu, it seems there is room for discretion, the Fu Mr. Meng true the nation was divided into two major ancient Chinese system is a very important observation. (However, the so-called thing when referring to their places of origin when they are ancient, the later stuff migration each other, the situation is more complex.) I think that Mr. Hu so-called "state religion", can only be said to be religious Oriental peoples, but also is Confucianism source. As he cited three, in fact, it can only be counted, because the first two points can be merged into the third spot to go. The so-called "known to have died, to make fortune" and "superstitious" indeed is the core of religious belief. In fact, that "superstitious" not as good as one that "ghosts of superstition," because of the disparity in the Confucian mind, God only higher ghost, only two levels, with no kind of difference. The so-called ghost, that is also deemed dead and not dead, to diet, to action. He can make good evil, it is necessary to sacrifice the means to bribe or reward him. In short thing and senior ghost ghost - the word of God, as people do, because that is who he lived in a different state, he and strangers too, is a substance that is not a fantasy existence. Understand this layer, a first look at point Hu cited. Since that person as a leader of the "Son of Heaven" - the Son of Heaven, the "day" that the father of the emperor, the emperor is a "person", the father of the emperor supposedly must also be a "group". Those legends from the days of the emperors sense born, can also be pushed to the same conclusion. We know that is from Confucian classic Oriental peoples of days, personal days lattice, it is not surprising that the. The gods can Xin Xiang diet, can lord it over, that he is just a ghost who died in the most senior person fills god that is a ghost, the first point will be included in Mr. Hu's third point.
"Zulu" carrying a story, Wu said the more cutting, drilling will Jishan, get a piece of that very large bones, Wu happened to the appointment of Lu, Confucius ask the way to the gallery at the banquet. Confucius thought that is a wind's former vassal remains. He says:
Mountains of the world began with sufficient Ji Gang, its defensive to God, to keep the boat's princes, all belonging to the king.
The Wu asked: "? What is the wind that defend" He replied:
Wang is also the king's Mountain, hikers keep the closure mountain range also, to paint surname in Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou as Wang's Mountain, in the week long Di, this is an adult.
This proves that God called the ancient oriental nation of mountains and rivers but the former died of pipe collar mountains that person, rather than the mountains themselves. Hu said according to festival mountains like the "worship of nature superstitions force of nature", it would mean that Confucianism is a pantheist. In fact, they have no faith in this means. Second Hu cited third point may be classified.
Confucian notion of truth spirits figured out, we can now turn the discussion back to the Taoists. As we have said above, the whole idea is Taoism derivation out of the immortality of the soul concept to Confucianism and control the look, it seems that the so-called Confucian dead dead, is dead Xinghai, Taoism is the immortality of the soul. Xinghai die, so to burial, even for long periods eternal sacrifice. The so-called in, but the presence of substances "such as sacrifice in, ritual, such as God" feeling. But it can not be afraid, "as in", so to set up the corpse, to ensure the highest degree of authenticity that "as in" the. This attitude can be considered clinging to the extreme, to the very practical, but also a very mediocre to. On the contrary, I believe Xinghai Taoist immortal soul can be death, the soul is a kind of non-existence of matter, so his stand opposite position for the Funeral and Memorial everywhere and Confucianism. "Zhuang Zi" chapter contains Zhuangzi his opposition burial passage, but theories have very shallow, no doubt due to the Zhuangzi's handwriting. Han Dynasty touches "to learn the art of Huang-Lao" and advocated "anti buried naked truth," the Sun-Young made a theory, really represents the concept of Taoism.
Ju Fu of the deceased's life, but it also was homeless. Are normalized to have, of those who have changed, which is true also of any anti thereof. Anti really tied, dead sound the death-shaped, is co affections. Outside Cardiff decorated with Chinese public, with burial Ge really, not to the homeless, of those who can not change, is also the matter of each of the missing. And I have heard it: there is also the spirit of those days, who Xinghai be of too. Releasing the spirit, the property of their true, so that the ghost, the ghost is also normalized words. However, their body parts to be alone, to know anything of zai? Wrapped in Bibo, Ge to the coffin, after network support beam body, including the mouth jade, not of desire, depression wax is dry, golden, rotten coffin, trusted by return to the earth, its true home, Yao is words, Yan with a long time off?
This is completely dead Xinghai, soul eternal truth, the soul is a kind of "invisible silent" supernatural being, naturally, we do not need to support a sacrifice. So the Confucian emphasis on ritual, and ritual importance because of Rebun, in the Taoist view, is really ridiculous. In short Confucian heavy Xinghai, thinking that after death, life continues to exist in Xinghai, they do not recognize the independent existence of the soul from the Xinghai. Taoism is the importance of the soul, that when living life temporarily resides in Xinghai, Xinghai once dead, the soul will be liberated, to obtain the existence of such absolute freedom, that is really life. This is not, is producing two religions of Confucianism and Taoism two watersheds thought to recognize the soul. Therefore, the universe of Second school of thought philosophers, life theory, or the theory of knowledge that political ideology, etc., all with the religion which runs counter to the inherent differences.
As a religious Confucianism and was the predecessor of both became clear, we can now return to the yin-yang and the Mohists. The yin-yang doctrine itself is a kind of cosmology, by their very nature speaks, and Confucianism and Taoism far and near, is the glance. As for the corresponding theoretical day they were people, and the people back in the days of Zhuang Zi said very similar, so he can assume the yin-yang of Taoism is the same for a primitive religion, Taoism talk about Sima said:
It is also fine, because Dashun yin and yang, good collection of Confucianism and, to summarize the name of Law.
Here is the yin-yang clearly thought Taoist thought of the body or inter-frame, and recognize the role of vice add only additional correction of Confucianism and the name of law. This may be the perception by the yin-yang of Taoism after impact. However, that is also visible in this blood and the yin-yang of Taoism, would have been very close, so their combination is particularly easy. Mr. Qian Bin four once said, "said Mo Mo's it, due to the funerals," I think that says how the relationship between the ink and funerals harder to determine, funerals for the most basic core Mohism, but it is possible, if the so-called "Shallow Grave" born meaning "festival with" that would be too shallow to see the Mohists. Not to mention the festival with a lot of special Mo is the big fuss about the funeral, would it not strange? I suspect buried theoretical section is influenced by soul light weight Xinghai traditional religious thought, the burial section and section even speak with them, it is better to commit suicide and Mohists Shigeyoshi attitude has always been seen as development, Jin Jin in "Body hair is affected by the parents, not damage "Confucian, while also stresses" Shashenchengren ", but whether it is forced out. This Mohists with light Xinghai religious traditions, so they went to the soup fire dance posture is natural that emotions are warm, and the Confucian really quite different. Mohists on its Confucian utilitarianism, although very close, but it can also be said Mo live in the East, accepted the influence of Confucianism, Taoism and the ink in the bones to reconcile much SONG Xing and YIN Wen is obviously not both send bridge between you? I suspect Mohist and Taoism also out of that ancient Taoism. Author of "Zhuangzi world" chapter of the Mo Di, poultry slip PCT also counted once heard of Gu Zhidao surgery, with SONG Xing, Wen Yin, Peng Meng, Tian Pian, Shen Dao, Guan Yin, the old Dan, Zhuang etc. together are counted as knowing "this number", and recognize "Lu Zou Shi, Mr. Jinshen" speaking of the "end of the" author "of the world," article clearly think Mohists in Taoist circles, only Confucianism as the exception. He added that "the world will crack Taoism," What, then one hundred (in terms of Ru) This is split off from a common road, this is not what division the previous "Road" is? Could it be that the so-called ancient Taoist it! This ancient Taoist If you really exist, I suspect it was originally a religion of a nation in ancient China the West, and that the Confucian compared from originate in Eastern religions, this religion is really outstanding more great and more beautiful and more, regardless of whether how does it stream-American is good for nothing!
