PyQt5-02- About window

Window Type Description

• Three classes can be used to create a window, can be used directly, it can also be inherited after use
• QMainWindow: The main window GUI program, including the menu bar, toolbar, status bar, title bar, is the most common form of window
• QWidget: base class for all user interface objects, all windows or controls directly or indirectly inherits from QWidget class, may be used as top-level window, it may also be embedded into other windows
• QDialog: dialog window of the base class, the main task to perform short-term, or interact with the user, it can be modal or a non-modal

Display the status window

• .showFullScreen() full-screen display
• .showMaximized() Zoom
• .showMinimized() Minimum Show
• .hide() Hidden windows are also suitable for use with most components
• .show() Display window, also suitable for use with most components
• .windowState() Returns the window state
• isMinimized() If the window is minimized, the return value is True; otherwise, False;
• isMaximized() If the window is maximized, the return value is True; otherwise, False;
• isFullScreen() If the window full-screen display, the return value is True; otherwise, False;
• isActiveWindow() If it is the active window, the return value is True; otherwise, False ;;

QMainWindow

• QMainWindow is a subclass of QWidget
• It contains 状态栏, 工具栏and 菜单栏the classic application framework
• If the window is the root inherited such general

• You can use absolute layout, you can not use the box layout

  Status Bar

• To display the state information of the serial member of the window shown on the left lowermost

  Menu Bar

• Drop-down menu

  toolbar

• Toolbar provides a quick way to perform the most frequently used commands

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QAction, qApp
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class FirstWindow(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUi()

    def initUi(self):
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 200, 200)
        self.setWindowTitle("第一个窗口")

        #给生成的二级菜单添加一个内容，绑定图标，文本，绑定类(这个按钮属于哪个控件)
        exit_menu = QAction(QIcon(r"1.ico"), "退出", self)
        #绑定一个快捷键
        exit_menu.setShortcut("Ctrl+Q")
        #生成一个菜单按钮链接事件，执行退出命令
        exit_menu.triggered.connect(qApp.quit)

        copy_menu = QAction(QIcon(r"2.ico"), "复制", self)
        copy_menu.setShortcut("Ctrl+C")

        version_menu = QAction(QIcon(r"3.ico"), "版本", self)

        #生成菜单栏
        menubar = self.menuBar()
        #生成一个二级菜单，并命名
        file_bar = menubar.addMenu("文件")
        #给生成的二级菜单添加上面代码生成的二级内容
        file_bar.addAction(exit_menu)
        edit_bar = menubar.addMenu("编辑")
        edit_bar.addAction(copy_menu)
        help_bar = menubar.addMenu("帮助")
        help_bar.addAction(version_menu)

        #生成一个工具
        exit_tool = QAction(QIcon(r"4.ico"), "退出", self)
        exit_tool.triggered.connect(qApp.quit)
        #生成一个工具栏，并给整个工具栏命名
        toolbar = self.addToolBar("工具栏")
        #添加工具
        toolbar.addAction(exit_tool)
       
        #生成每个按钮的状态栏信息
        exit_menu.setStatusTip("退出程序")
        copy_menu.setStatusTip("复制")
        version_menu.setStatusTip("版本")
        exit_tool.setStatusTip("退出程序")
        #生成状态栏
        self.statusBar()

def mainGui():
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    #设置显示风格Fusion及windows
    app.setStyle('Fusion')
    firstwindow = FirstWindow()
    firstwindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

if __name__ == "__main__":
    mainGui()

QWidget

• All that can be displayed in all PyQt5 QWidget subclasses

1. Control .setToolTip ( "bubble content display")

• Control may be provided a bubble content display
• Been from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QToolTipimported
• By QToolTip.setFont(QFont('SansSerif', 30))setting the font and size of text bubbles

2. Get Screen Size

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QDesktopWidget
#获得屏幕尺寸
screen = QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()
#获得屏幕的宽度
width = screen.width()
#获得屏幕的高度
height = screen.height()

3. Access to the Properties window

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
firstwindow = QWidget()
print(firstwindow.width()) #获取窗口宽度
print(firstwindow.height()) #获取窗口高度
print(firstwindow.x()) #获取窗口左上角的X坐标
print(firstwindow.y()) #获取窗口左上角的Y坐标

4. Add a small window to an icon

from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
firstwindow = QWidget()
firstwindow.setWindowIcon(QIcon(r"图标路径"))

The message window

#关闭窗口时弹出确认窗口
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMessageBox
def closeEvent(self, event):
    reply = QMessageBox.question(self,"确认退出","你确定要退出么？",QMessageBoxYes,
    QMessageBoxNo)
    if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
        event.accept()
    else:
        event.ignore()

Targeting

• Targeting into absolute layout, box layout, layout grid

1. Absolute positioning mode

• QMainWindow () and QWidget () The window class can use absolute positioning mode

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QLabel

class FirstWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUi()
    def initUi(self):
        self.setWindowTitle("第一窗口")
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 400)
        QLabel('Couldn\'t', self).move(15, 10)
        QLabel('care', self).move(35, 40)
        QLabel('less', self).move(55, 65)
        QLabel('and', self).move(115, 65)
        QLabel('then', self).move(135, 45)
        QLabel('you', self).move(115, 25)
        QLabel('kiss', self).move(145, 10)
        QLabel('me', self).move(215, 10)       
def guiMainLoop():
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    firstwindow = FirstWindow()
    firstwindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
if __name__ == "__main__":
    guiMainLoop()

2. Box Layout

• The QMainWindow () can not use the class window box layout, QWidget () class layout window box can be used
• After the can () member class center window The QMainWindow, setCentralWidget method by adding the QWidget () window class, a box layout
• QHBoxLayout () horizontal layout
• QVBoxLayout, () vertical layout
• .addWidget () member Add
• .addStretch () to add spacing element
• .setLayout () to generate the overall layout

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout

class FirstWindow(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUi()
    def initUi(self):
        self.setWindowTitle("第一窗口")
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 400)

        self.b1 = QPushButton("按钮1")
        self.b2 = QPushButton("按钮2")
        
        #建立一个水平布局
        self.h_box = QHBoxLayout()
        #从左往右添加一个间隔，两个按钮
        self.h_box.addStretch(1)
        self.h_box.addWidget(self.b1)
        self.h_box.addWidget(self.b2)
        
        #建立一个垂直布局
        self.v_box = QVBoxLayout()
        #从上往下添加一个间隔，上面的水平布局
        self.v_box.addStretch(1)
        self.v_box.addLayout(self.h_box)
        
        #生成总体布局
        self.setLayout(self.v_box)

def guiMainLoop():
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    firstwindow = FirstWindow()
    firstwindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
if __name__ == "__main__":
    guiMainLoop()

3. Grid Layout

• The QMainWindow () can not use the class window box layout, QWidget () class layout window box can be used
• After the can () member class center window The QMainWindow, setCentralWidget method by adding the QWidget () window class, using the grid layout
• The layout window space is divided into a number of rows and columns
• QGridLayout () Creates a grid layout
• .addWidget () member in the grid was added
• .setLayout () to generate the overall layout

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QGridLayout, QMainWindow

class FirstWindow(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUi()
    def initUi(self):
        self.setWindowTitle("第一窗口")
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 400)

        self.b1 = QPushButton("按钮1")
        self.b2 = QPushButton("按钮2")
        self.b3 = QPushButton("按钮3")
        self.b4 = QPushButton("按钮4")
        self.b5 = QPushButton("按钮5")
        self.b6 = QPushButton("按钮6")
        self.b7 = QPushButton("按钮7")
        self.b8 = QPushButton("按钮8")
        self.b9 = QPushButton("按钮9")

        #实例化一个网格布局
        self.grid = QGridLayout()
        #给网格布局添加部件
        self.grid.addWidget(self.b1, 0, 0)
        self.grid.addWidget(self.b2, 0, 1)
        self.grid.addWidget(self.b3, 0, 2)
        self.grid.addWidget(self.b4, 0, 3)
        self.grid.addWidget(self.b5, 1, 0)
        self.grid.addWidget(self.b6, 1, 1)
        self.grid.addWidget(self.b7, 1, 2)
        self.grid.addWidget(self.b8, 2, 0)
        #参数为 行，列，行跨度，列跨度
        self.grid.addWidget(self.b9, 2, 1, 5, 2)
        #生成总体布局
        self.setLayout(self.grid)

def guiMainLoop():
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    firstwindow = FirstWindow()
    firstwindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
if __name__ == "__main__":
    guiMainLoop()