Lobachevsky
Any one branch of mathematics, no matter how abstract it, will one day find application in the real world.
Lobachevsky (Н.И.лобачевский, 1792 ~ 1856, the Russian mathematician) is one of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry, but his work has not been appreciated in his time at which, instead of being mocked and hit. shortly after his death, it was discovered that the great mathematician Gauss manuscript describes a similar outcome with respect to non-Euclidean geometry, his ideas gradually being accepted. Lobachevsky was an outstanding educator and administrator, Kazan founded the school of mathematics and school mathematics education in Kazan, in the infinite series theory (especially trigonometric series), calculus and probability theory and other areas have excellent work. Lobachevsky against Kant's idealist view that the concept of the human mind arising from physical movement of the objective world. abstract mathematical concepts from the real world and summed up, many reflecting the nature and the number of things in common objective aspects of the relationship between form and space. So no matter how abstract mathematical theory, certain will be applied in practical problems. This is true, he created non-Euclidean geometry has been described in some applications space structure.
Chebyshev
Mathematics from the actual needs, locked up like the cow would not let her contact with the Bulls.
This is a very classic cut those uttered when lightly applied mathematics mathematician Chebyshev critics say.
Chebyshev (П.Л.Чебьшев, 1821 ~ 1894, Russian mathematician, mechanics home) was the founder of the St. Petersburg school of mathematics, which is characterized by a close connection with the mathematical theory and the practice of natural science and technology, which makes many of his scientific creation has extremely important practical value, for example, he set off from the research commandment principle, the theory of polynomial approximation of continuous function, the creation of a new branch of mathematics relationship between science and practice, Chebyshev pointed out..: "Science won the right leadership in practice", "development of science itself is under the influence of practice, but also for the practice developed a new study."
Whistler
Though critics shouted: 2 plus 2 shall be equal to 5; amateur artists portrait of crying: 2 plus 2 should be equal to 3; to mathematicians, 2 plus 2 equals 4 forever.
The most notable feature is a mathematical rigor theory , generally from two aspects:
First, the stringency of mathematical reasoning ,
The second is a mathematical certainty conclusion.
Whistler's famous words just above illustrates the latter humor
Whistler (J.M.Whistler, 1834 ~ 1903, American painter) early admitted to West Point, I855年去巴黎, settled in England in 1859, served as chairman of British Artists Association. Masterpiece "next to the piano," "white girl "has caused a sensation in his later years to pursue Oriental interesting works, painting girl often wears the Japanese kimono and put a few pieces of Chinese porcelain. works are etchings" French paintings "portraits" mother "and paintings" Thames "and so on.
Hankel
In most disciplines, generation buildings are often destroyed by another generation, a man destroyed by the creation of another person; with the exception of mathematics, each generation adding one floor in the old building.
When explaining characteristics of mathematical science, most people talked about three things: rigor, breadth of application of highly abstract, the system often overlooked its fourth feature: the continuity of this development, Han Kerr made wonderful discussed above, this is a significant difference between mathematics and the other Zirankexue.
Hankel (H. Hankel, 1839 ~ 1873, the German mathematician, historian of mathematics) both by contributions in the complex and super-complex theory, function theory, mathematics, history, etc. He corrected Peacock form invariance law, proved that any hypercomplex system can not meet all the ordinary laws of arithmetic, emphasizing the nature of the measure set point, the system describes the Riemann integrability criterion, discussed the classification of integrable functions and various functions, and proposed to construct rational the method of point singularity function. Hankel is a famous historian of mathematics, his book "the last few centuries of mathematical development," "ancient and medieval history of Mathematics" and other renowned historian of mathematics by Cantor, Cayo years, Heath and other attention.
Cantor
The essence of mathematics lies in its freedom.
Cantor (GFLPCantor, 1845 ~ 1918, the German mathematician) often noticed that some theory can not be universally accepted in mathematics development process, such as probability theory. So he put forward the "essence of mathematics lies in its freedom," that does not have to suffer the shackles of traditional concepts and made infinite set theory in the 1870s. this was full of revolutionary contemporary academic thought by some scholars to oppose and ridicule, but also supported by several great mathematicians such as Dedekind, Vail . Strasser, Hilbert, etc. since the 1920s, set theory has enjoyed a high reputation, as Hilbert said in a speech in 1926 emphasized that: "no one can take from us Kang Thor is the paradise we created off! "Russell put the job Cantor praised as" probably the greatest era can boast of work. "
Grameen homes
For any kind of a discipline and its history attempt to split off, I'm sure, no greater loss than a discipline of mathematics.
Compared with other natural sciences, mathematics is unique in that it is the accumulation of science, which itself is a historical record, or mathematical integration in the past now and into the future. It is to emphasize the importance of the history of mathematics, Georgia Levin homes say more famous.
Grameen homes (JWL.Glaisher, 1848 ~ 1928, English mathematician, astronomer) in 1867 into Trinity College, Cambridge to study, stayed on to teach after graduation. Unmarried life, dedicated to scientific research, he has published nearly 400 articles and notes 1871 as the "math messenger" edit, 1878 part-time "math Quarterly" editor. the main contribution to the special function (in particular elliptic modular functions) theory and the history of mathematics, etc., in addition to astronomy research. 1884 either the London mathematical Society, chairman of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1901 any director. he is also a member of the Royal Society and a number of other scientific groups.
Fuse Si
Mathematics is one of the oldest science, but it is one of the most active science because its strength from the vitality of eternal youth.
18th-century mathematician future mathematics had felt at a loss, Lagrange's letter to D'Alembert in 1781 is quite typical: "In my opinion, it seems that (mathematical) mines have been excavated very deep, unless the discovery of new veins, otherwise sooner or later is bound to give it up. "However, in the new century mathematics indeed discovered a new vein, resulting in a large number of new branches. Moreover, the rapid development of mathematical organizations and publications, a sharp increase in the number of mathematicians, mathematics ideas with each passing day, more and more widespread application of mathematics. Mathematics "continue to use it to tie in nature and thinking deep roots nourished," Fuse Si described it as "its power from the vitality of eternal youth."
Forsyth (ARForsyth, 1858 ~ 1942, British mathematician) 1877, studied at Trinity College, Cambridge. Mathematical honors stayed on to coach the 1881 graduation in 1886 was elected to the Royal Society. His masterpiece "function theory "Newton is considered to be from" principle "has been one of the larger impact of monographs on British mathematics, modern mathematics has played a leading role. in addition there is the" calculus of variations "," intrinsic geometry of ideal space "and other books.
Whitehead
This is a reliable rule, when the author mathematical or philosophical works written in a vague esoteric words, he is talking nonsense.
Mathematics is characterized by simplicity, it is about the most complex things with the most straightforward to represent the content, rather than using vague esoteric language, and this is Whitehead's point of view.
Whitehead (ANWhitehead.1861 ~ 1947, the British logician, mathematician, philosopher) in 1884, graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1905 obtained a doctorate in science. Taught at Trinity College, Cambridge, University College London and Harvard University won a variety of prizes, was elected member of the Royal Society. Whitehead major contributions in mathematical logic and philosophy, he and Russell is considered the founder of one of the logical school of thought of the mathematical basis of the three schools. "Principia Mathematica" a book of their cooperation on the basic school of thought logical point of view were discussed, it has become an important historical documents.
Kaiser
Mathematics is not counted afterwards and technology, as architecture is not made of brick logging technology, not a painting palette technology, geology not crack rock art, anatomy is not the same as slaughtering techniques.
This is the Kaiser understand the nature of mathematics, famously uttered in simple terms.
Kaiser (CJKeyser, 1862 ~ 1947, American mathematician) in 1883, graduated from Ohio Normal University. 1901 doctorate taught at Washington University, Columbia University and other schools, the American Association for the development of science and member of the American Mathematical Society. Writings "new and old theology infinite", "philosophy of mathematics" and so on, geometry, logic and philosophy of mathematics have contributed.
Polya
Mathematical proof of the most obvious things are not the most obvious way.
Polya (G.Polya, 1887 ~ 1985, a Hungarian American mathematician, math educator) Early studying mathematics, physics and philosophy in Budapest, Vienna, Gottingen, Paris and other places. In 1928 Renrui Shi Federal Institute of Technology mathematics Professor moved to the US in 1940, taught at Stanford University has become the French Academy of sciences, member of the American Academy of Arts and sciences, Hungarian Academy of sciences, the American Academy of sciences. he probability theory, combinatorics, graph theory and other fields has done, the greatest impact is the riches of his mathematics education thought he attaches great importance to students' ability to solve problems from an early age, always put the advanced study of mathematics and mathematics education for all together. correlation famous "how to solve problem" (1944), "math and plausible reasoning "(1954) and" mathematical discovery "(1962 ~ 1965) swept the world, amended several times, and was translated into many languages, among which there are several versions only Chinese, and promote the reconciliation of Mathematics Education reform improve the level of research questions.
Weil
Stringency is to the mathematician, as the moral is to the people.
Weil (A.Weil, 1906-1998, French mathematician, mathematics historian) is one of the most influential mathematicians of the 20th century, pure, is a recognized school of late spiritual leader Buerbaji .20 1930 complete monograph " topological groups integral and its applications ", which reflects the mathematical structure of doctrine reflects Buerbaji school of thought, has opened up new areas of population increase and analysis of the 1940s, established a rigorous system of algebraic geometry: published in 1946 the "basic algebraic geometry" algebraic geometry have established method for solving algebraic number theory problems is important. 1948 proposed Weil conjecture. these efforts to promote the development of modern mathematics. 1979 Weil was awarded the Wolf Prize, 1994 was awarded the Kyoto Prize in basic sciences in Weil seems to be the most rigorous fundamental literacy mathematician, in the famous words in his analogy method vividly revealed the "strict" importance.
Gardner
The essence of mathematics lies in constantly seeking proof of the theorem and solve mathematical problems with more simple way.
Gardner (M.Gardner, 1914 ~ 2010, the American Mathematical science writer) known as the "Math Gardener", published articles in mathematical science magazine "Scientific American" a monthly column for more than 20 years. He believes he said this thesis, it creates interesting math problems often unexpected, but very simple and logical. his works are also known in layman's language, many readers revel in mathematics paradise, and improve the acceptability of mathematics has made important contributions. the most famous of the "infinite Theory of relativity", "mathematical miracle and secret", "mathematical Games and Entertainment>" Mathematics of leisure "," math stories> etc. are translated into Chinese "Aha! Had an idea, "" fascinating math interesting problem, "" unexpected hanging and other mathematical entertainment "," Dr. matrix magic number "and so on.
