netty is event driven, meaning that there are two, one after the socket netty received data, generates an event, the event spread Pipeline, the second is the specific event processing thread pool.
NioEventLoop polling network event
// io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#processSelectedKey private void processSelectedKey(SelectionKey k, AbstractNioChannel ch) { final AbstractNioChannel.NioUnsafe unsafe = ch.unsafe(); if (!k.isValid()) { final EventLoop eventLoop; try { eventLoop = ch.eventLoop(); } catch (Throwable ignored) { // If the channel implementation throws an exception because there is no event loop, we ignore this // because we are only trying to determine if ch is registered to this event loop and thus has authority // to close ch. return; } // Only close ch if ch is still registered to this EventLoop. ch could have deregistered from the event loop // and thus the SelectionKey could be cancelled as part of the deregistration process, but the channel is // still healthy and should not be closed. // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5125 if (eventLoop == this) { // close the channel if the key is not valid anymore unsafe.close(unsafe.voidPromise()); } return; } try { int readyOps = k.readyOps(); // We first need to call finishConnect() before try to trigger a read(...) or write(...) as otherwise // the NIO JDK channel implementation may throw a NotYetConnectedException. if ((readyOps & SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT) != 0) { // remove OP_CONNECT as otherwise Selector.select(..) will always return without blocking // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/924 int ops = k.interestOps(); ops &= ~SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT; k.interestOps(ops); // 建立连接，深层会调用 fireChannelActive unsafe.finishConnect(); } // Process OP_WRITE first as we may be able to write some queued buffers and so free memory. if ((readyOps & SelectionKey.OP_WRITE) != 0) { // Call forceFlush which will also take care of clear the OP_WRITE once there is nothing left to write ch.unsafe().forceFlush(); } // Also check for readOps of 0 to workaround possible JDK bug which may otherwise lead //Spin Loop A to IF ((the readyOps & (SelectionKey.OP_READ |! SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT)) = 0 || the readyOps == 0 ) { // read data, read event propagation in the pipeline and the connection is closed event unsafe.read () ; } } the catch (CancelledKeyException ignored) { unsafe.close (unsafe.voidPromise ()); } } // io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel.NioByteUnsafe # Read public Final void Read () { Final ChannelConfig config = config ( ); IF (shouldBreakReadReady (config)) { clearReadPending (); return ; } final ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline(); final ByteBufAllocator allocator = config.getAllocator(); final RecvByteBufAllocator.Handle allocHandle = recvBufAllocHandle(); allocHandle.reset(config); ByteBuf byteBuf = null; boolean close = false; try { do { byteBuf = allocHandle.allocate(allocator); allocHandle.lastBytesRead(doReadBytes(byteBuf)); if (allocHandle.lastBytesRead() <= 0) { // nothing was read. release the buffer. byteBuf.release(); byteBuf = null; close = allocHandle.lastBytesRead() < 0; if (close) { // There is nothing left to read as we received an EOF. readPending = false; } break; } allocHandle.incMessagesRead(1); readPending = false; // 触发 ChannelRead pipeline.fireChannelRead(byteBuf); byteBuf = null; } while (allocHandle.continueReading()); allocHandle.readComplete(); // 触发 ChannelReadComplete pipeline.fireChannelReadComplete(); if (close) { // 触发 ChannelInactive 和 ChannelUnregister closeOnRead(pipeline); } } catch (Throwable t) { handleReadException(pipeline, byteBuf, t, close, allocHandle); } finally { // Check if there is a readPending which was not processed yet. // This could be for two reasons: // * The user called Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() in channelRead(...) method // * The user called Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() in channelReadComplete(...) method // // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2254 if (!readPending && !config.isAutoRead()) { removeReadOp(); } } }
HandlerContext is integer executionMask, different bit indicates various events, to handle the event represents 1.
// io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext private final int executionMask; final class ChannelHandlerMask { // Using to mask which methods must be called for a ChannelHandler. static final int MASK_EXCEPTION_CAUGHT = 1; static final int MASK_CHANNEL_REGISTERED = 1 << 1; static final int MASK_CHANNEL_UNREGISTERED = 1 << 2; static final int MASK_CHANNEL_ACTIVE = 1 << 3; static final int MASK_CHANNEL_INACTIVE = 1 << 4; static final int MASK_CHANNEL_READ = 1 << 5; static final int MASK_CHANNEL_READ_COMPLETE = 1 << 6; static final int MASK_USER_EVENT_TRIGGERED = 1 << 7; static final int MASK_CHANNEL_WRITABILITY_CHANGED = 1 << 8; static final int MASK_BIND = 1 << 9; static final int MASK_CONNECT = 1 << 10; static final int MASK_DISCONNECT = 1 << 11; static final int MASK_CLOSE = 1 << 12; static final int MASK_DEREGISTER = 1 << 13; static final int MASK_READ = 1 << 14; static final int MASK_WRITE = 1 << 15; static final int MASK_FLUSH = 1 << 16; private static final int MASK_ALL_INBOUND = MASK_EXCEPTION_CAUGHT | MASK_CHANNEL_REGISTERED | MASK_CHANNEL_UNREGISTERED | MASK_CHANNEL_ACTIVE | MASK_CHANNEL_INACTIVE | MASK_CHANNEL_READ | MASK_CHANNEL_READ_COMPLETE | MASK_USER_EVENT_TRIGGERED | MASK_CHANNEL_WRITABILITY_CHANGED; private static final int MASK_ALL_OUTBOUND = MASK_EXCEPTION_CAUGHT | MASK_BIND | MASK_CONNECT | MASK_DISCONNECT | MASK_CLOSE | MASK_DEREGISTER | MASK_READ | MASK_WRITE | MASK_FLUSH; }
In ChannelActive an example, bit by bit values on the comparison, determines whether the process ChannelActive event HandlerContext
// io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext#fireChannelActive public ChannelHandlerContext fireChannelActive() { invokeChannelActive(findContextInbound(MASK_CHANNEL_ACTIVE)); return this; } // io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext#findContextInbound private AbstractChannelHandlerContext findContextInbound(int mask) { AbstractChannelHandlerContext ctx = this; do { ctx = ctx.next; } while ((ctx.executionMask & mask) == 0); return ctx; }