java package 16 using object-oriented class

/*

  • Packaging (Wrapper Class)
  • 1, a reference data type definitions for the eight basic types corresponding - packaging (package type), with the characteristics of the class, it may invoke methods in a class, Java object-oriented real
  • byte-Byte, short-Short, int-Integer, long-Long, float-Float, double-Double, these classes are the direct parent Number.
  • boolean–Boolean,char–Character.
  • 2, the transition between the basic data types, and packaging String Class

*/

package object_chapter2;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.util.*;

public class Object_WrapperCLass {

	@Test
	public void wrapperTest() {
		//基本数据类型转换到包装类,使用包装类构造器或自动装箱
		byte by = 1;
		short s = 2;
		char ch = 'b';
		int i = 3;
		long l = 12;
		Integer in = new Integer((int)1.23);//构造器形参可以传入byte,short,char类型数据,会进行自动类型提升。float,double无法直接传入,需要使用强制类型转换
		Integer a = new Integer(10);//使用Integer类的构造器
		Integer a1 = new Integer('A');//char型数据自动转换成对应ASCII码的数值进行赋值
		Integer a2 = new Integer("6");//构造器中使用字符串参数,字符串转换成数值进行赋值
	//  Integer a2 = new Integer("6abcd");	//会报错,String类型参数必须是数字。
		Integer a3 = 33;  //JDK1.5之后的自动装箱方式
		System.out.println(a.toString() + " " + a1.toString() + " " + a2.toString() + " " + a3.toString() );
		Boolean b = new Boolean(true);
		b = new Boolean("TRue");//查看方法源码,规定字符串忽略大小写。
		Boolean b1 = new Boolean("false");
		b1 = new Boolean("true1234");//查看源码,字符串只要不等于true都会返回false
		Boolean b2 = false;
		System.out.println(b.toString() + " " + b1.toString() + " " + b2.toString());
		Character c = new Character('A');
	//	Character c1 = new Character("A");//Character类没有String参数的构造器。
		Character c2 = 'a';
		System.out.println(c.toString() + " " + c2.toString());
		
			
	}
	
	@Test
	public void wrapperTest1() {
		//包装类转换为基本数据类型,使用包装类的xxxValue()方法,或自动拆箱。
		Integer in = new Integer("128");
		int i = in.intValue();
		System.out.println(i);
		int j = in.byteValue();//Integer类的对象可以使用byteValue方法强转到byte型,
		System.out.println(j);		
		int k = in;//自动拆箱
		System.out.println(k);
		
		//自动装箱与拆箱
		System.out.println(in + 2);
		Boolean b = true;//b自动装箱
		System.out.println(!b);//b自动拆箱
		
	}
	@Test
	public void wrapperTest2() {
	//基本数据类型,包装类和String类型之间的转换
		//基本数据类型转换为String
		Integer in = 10;
		int i = in;
		System.out.println(i + "");//使用数值 + ""的方式做自动类型提升
		String s = String.valueOf(i);//使用String类中重载的valueOf()方法
		System.out.println(s);
		s = String.valueOf(true);
		System.out.println(s);
		//包装类转换为String
		String s1 = in.toString();
		System.out.println(s1);//使用包装类对象的toString()方法
		String s2 = Integer.toString(22);
		System.out.println(s2);//使用包装类的toString(形参)方法
		//String转换为包装类
		Boolean b = new Boolean("False");//t通过包装类构造器传入String类型参数转换
		System.out.println(b);
		//String转换为基本数据类型
		float f = new Float("2.34F");//通过相应包装类的构造器转换
		float f2 = Float.parseFloat("3.1415f");//通过相应包装类的静态方法parseFloat();转换
	    System.out.println(f + "  " + f2);
	    boolean b1 = new Boolean("true1");//不规范的true会转换为false,字符串中的true可以忽略大小写
	    boolean b2 = Boolean.parseBoolean("true123");//不规范的true会转换为false,字符串中的true可以忽略大小写
	    System.out.println(b1 + "" + b2);
	}
	
	@Test
	public void wrapperTest3() {
		//练习1
		Object o1 = true ? new Integer(1) : new Double(2.0);//输出1.0,因为三元运算符也是运算符,int型与double型数据运算返回double型数据
		System.out.println(o1);
		Object o2;
		if (true)
		o2 = new Integer(1);
		else
		o2 = new Double(2.0);
		System.out.println(o2);//输出1
		//练习2
		Integer i = new Integer(1);
		Integer j = new Integer(1);
		System.out.println(i == j);//false,地址值不同
		Integer m = 1;
		Integer n = 1;
		System.out.println(m == n);//true,
		Integer x = 128;
		Integer y = 128;
		System.out.println(x == y);//false,
		
		/*Integer中内部类规定导致结果不同
		 * -128至127范围内的数值储存在一个Integer类型的数组中,
		 * 如果使用自动装箱的方式,给Integer赋值在范围内可直接使用数组元素
		 * ,不用再创建新的内存结构,调用的时候指向同一地址以提高效率
		 * new方式创建的对象和超出此范围的数值会新建内存结构,地址值不同
	    private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                try {
                    int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                    i = Math.max(i, 127);
                    // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                    h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
                } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
                }
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);

            // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
            assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        }
		 */
		
	}
	@Test
	public void VectorTest() {
		Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
		Vector v = new Vector();
		//创建Vector数组
		for (; ; ) {
			System.out.println("请输入学生成绩,输入负数时结束");
//			int i = scan.nextInt();
//			Integer in = new Integer(i);//构造器创建Integer类的对象in
			Integer in = scan.nextInt();//使用自动装箱方式
			if(in < 0) { //运算时自动拆箱
				break;
			}
			if(in > 100) {
				System.out.println("数据非法,请重新输入");
				continue;
			}
			v.addElement(in); //形参为Object类,Integer类为子类,使用多态方式传入参数。			
		}
		//输出成绩列表
		System.out.println("一共输入了" + v.size() + "个成绩");		
		for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
			//System.out.print(v.get(i) + " ");//效果相同
			System.out.print(v.elementAt(i) + " ");
		}
		System.out.println();
		//找到最高分
		int maxObj = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
			if(maxObj <= (Integer)v.elementAt(i)) {//v.elementAt(i)是Object类,需要向下转型成Integer类后自动拆箱参与运算。
				maxObj = (Integer)v.elementAt(i);
			}
		}
		System.out.println("最高分是" + maxObj);
		//成绩转化为等级
		
		for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
			Object obj = v.elementAt(i); //读取Object类对象
			Integer in = (Integer)obj;	//转换到Integer类	
			int j = (int)obj;//自动拆箱
			j = in.intValue();//使用方法转换
			j = in;//自动拆箱
			if(maxObj - (Integer)v.elementAt(i) <= 10) {
				System.out.println("成绩为 " + v.elementAt(i) + " 等级为A");
			}else if(maxObj - (Integer)v.elementAt(i) <= 20) {
				System.out.println("成绩为 " + v.elementAt(i) + " 等级为B");
			}else if(maxObj - (Integer)v.elementAt(i) <= 30) {
				System.out.println("成绩为 " + v.elementAt(i) + " 等级为C");
			}else {
				System.out.println("成绩为 " + v.elementAt(i) + " 等级为D");
			}
		
		}
		
	}
	
}
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