This tutorial is a newly installed Linux tutorials, I want to be more detailed look at the B station Home Video Tutorial
ArchLinux installation configuration Manual [System chapter]
This tutorial reference from https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
This tutorial. Writing in 2019.11 9, 2009, please refer to this tutorial based on review time (official website of the installation is not updated, then this tutorial to date)
Mirror update tutorial: 2019.11.01
Author: Huanhao
bilibili: 301 Technology
Reproduced, please indicate the source!
Preparing for Installation
Mirror Download: https://archlinux.org/download/
Linux users have not used, it is recommended to look at Linux
If you are downloading from HTTP Mirror Mirror source, I suggest you check signature: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GnuPG
Start Live environment
(1) make a boot disk
If you are a Windows user, you can use Rufus to make specific use you can look them Baidu.
If you are a Linux user, you only need to use the dd command, I think you certainly will.
(2) into the Live environment
Select the usually press a key intermediary with the Arch installation files on your computer to boot from boot time, usually prompted the splash screen. Different motherboard different keys.
When Arch menu appears, select Boot Arch Linux and press
Enter
into the installation environment.
Verify that the startup mode (important)
You can list efivars directory to verify that the startup mode:
ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
If the directory does not exist, it is possible to BIOS boot or CSM mode, see your motherboard manual.
If the directory exists. The system is activated to UEFI.
Keep in mind that your start-up mode! ! !
Connect Network
Choose one of the connected
- 1. The cable connector
dhcpcd
- 2. WiFi connection
wifi-menu
- 3. ADSL broadband connection
pppoe-setup #配置
systemctl start adsl #连接ADSL
Check your network connection
Use the ping check the network connection, if you see is as shown in the way, prove that the network connection is successful
ping www.baidu.com
Ctrl+c
You can end the run command
Update the system time
Use timedatectl ensure that the system time is accurate:
timedatectl set-ntp true
Create partitions
Check the hard disk case
fdisk -l
I can see I have a 30G hard drive size, path /dev/sda
, loop0 is a mirror file
Paths are generally hard disk / dev / sda format, if you have other hard drives, more might show a / dev / sdxx, please identify based on its details.
If you have a solid-state hard drive
sda
may becomenvme0n1
You can also view the hard drive information lsblk
lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 476.7M 1 loop /rn/archiso/sfs/airootfs #iso镜像
sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk #465.8G的机械硬盘sda
└─sda1 8:1 0 465.8G 0 part /mnt/home #sda下的第一个分区sda1
sdb 8:16 1 14.6G 0 disk #16G的启动盘
├─sdb1 8:17 1 588M 0 part /runarchiso/bootmnt
└─sda2 8:18 1 64M 0 part
nvme0n1 259:0 0 119.2G 0 disk #119.2G固态硬盘nvme0n1
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 100G 0 part /mnt #nme0n1第一个分区nvme0n1p1
└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 19.2G 0 part /mnt/boot/efi #nme0n1第二个分区nvme0n1p2
Mechanical hard drive
sda
SSD
nvme0n1
Partitioning scheme
BIOS with MBR | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mount points | Partition | Partition type | The recommended size |
/mnt |
/dev/sda1 |
Linux | remaining space |
[SWAP] | /dev/sda2 |
Linux swap | More than 512 MiB |
UEFI with GPT | |||
Mount points | Partition | Partition type | The recommended size |
/mnt/boot |
/dev/sda1 |
EFI System Partition | 265–512 MiB |
/mnt |
/dev/sda2 |
Linux x86-64 root (/) | remaining space |
[SWAP] | /dev/sda3 |
Linux swap | More than 512 MiB |
Partitioning scheme Interpretation: If you based
BIOS
mode is activated, you will need to create and mount/boot
partitions.If you are based
UEFI
mode is activated, then you must create and mount/boot
partitions
Start partition
Until then, I suggest you first look at the following partitions role
/
/home
/boot
swap
Use cfdisk
Zoning
BIOS选dos,UEFI的选gpt
The following / dev / sdx field represents the path to your hard disk, modify according to their own circumstances
cfdisk /dev/sdx
The following options can be selected by the left and right keys to select New
and Enter
先新建/
分区
输入大小然后回车即可创建分区
第一个/dev/sda1就是我们刚刚创建成功的分区
Free space 就是剩余的空间
新建/home
分区
需要先把光标移到剩余空间,再新建哦!
新建/boot分区(BIOS启动的不需要)
不需要太大,256M-512M就可以了
注意:/boot分区的建立方式还多一个步骤
选中新建的/boot分区,下面的光标移到Type
选项
然后选中EFI System
回车即可
新建swap分区
大小一般等于你的运行内存大小
也是和/boot分区差不多,要选择type
选中Linux swap
然后回车即可
确认分区
光标移动到write
然后回车
输入yes回车确认
选中Quit
,回车即可退出cfdisk
查看分区
用lsblk即可,可以看到sda硬盘被分成了4个分区,正是我们刚才分的区
sda1 是我的/分区
sda2 是我的/home分区
sda3 是我的/boot分区
sda4 是我的swap分区
lsblk
格式化分区
当分区建立好了,这些分区都需要使用适当的文件系统进行格式化
注意:
请根据自己的分区情况进行对应的格式化,例如我刚刚把sda1作为我的/分区且大小为14G
/
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
/home
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
/boot(BIOS启动的不需要)
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda3
swap
mkswap /dev/sda4
swapon /dev/sda4
挂载分区
/
将/
分区挂载到/mnt
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
/home
/mnt下创建/home文件
mkdir /mnt/home
挂载/home分区
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/home
/boot(BIOS启动的不需要)
/mnt下创建/boot
mkdir /mnt/boot
挂载引导分区
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/boot
更换镜像源
vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
按下/
键,输入China,进入检索模式,搜到China的字样后回车
,蓝色的光标就会出现在China的下面
但是目前显示的这个源我不太想要,按下n
键可以跳到下一个China源,正好是我要的清华镜像源
为什么不用科大镜像源?
答:因为不知道是什么原因,每次我安装arch的时候用科大的源会出现连接不到的问题,你也可以找科大的源使用。
然后按下2dd
剪切,按下gg
回到顶部,按下p
粘贴
建议在清华源的下面再加上一条阿里源,以防安装软件的时候出错
Server = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
按
i
进入编辑模式然后输入,按ESC
退出编辑模式
按下:
(也就是Shift + ;),然后输入wq
回车,即可保存退出
安装基础软件包
base 软件包并没有包含全部 live 环境中的程序,packages.x86_64 页面包含了它们的差异。需要额外安装:
- 管理所用文件系统 的用户工具
- 访问 RAID 或 LVM 分区的工具
- 未包含在 linux-firmware 中的额外固件
- 联网需要的程序
- 文本编辑器,
- 访问 man 和 info 页面的工具: man-db, man-pages 和 texinfo.
如果你还想安装其他软件包组比如 base-devel,请将他们的名字添加到 pacstrap 后,并用空格隔开。你也可以在 #Chroot 之后使用 pacman 手动安装软件包或组。
如果你看不懂上面在说什么,那你跟着我运行下面的命令就行了
pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware base-devel vi vim nano dhcpcd
配置系统
Fstab
用以下命令生成 fstab 文件 (用 -U
或 -L
选项设置UUID 或卷标):
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
Change root 到新安装的系统:
arch-chroot /mnt
设置时区
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc
本地化设置
/etc/locale.gen
是一个仅包含注释文档的文本文件。指定您需要的本地化类型,只需移除对应行前面的注释符号(#
)即可,建议选择带 UTF-8
的项:
vim /etc/locale.gen
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
接着执行 locale-gen
以生成 locale 讯息:
locale-gen
将 LANG=en_US.UTF-8 加入 /etc/locale.conf
vim /etc/locale.conf
设置主机名
xxxxs是你的主机名(自己取个喜欢的名字)
echo "xxxx" >> /etc/hostname
编辑 /etc/hosts文件,添加以下内容(xxxx为你的主机名)
vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost.localdomain localhost
127.0.1.1 xxxx.localdomain xxxx
设置root密码
使用passwd命令为root用户增加密码
passwd
安装Intel-ucode(非Inter C PU不需要)
pacman -S intel-ucode
如果你的下载出错,可能是网络断开了,那就再连接一次网络即可
安装引导
如果你硬盘上还有别的系统,需要安装 os-prober。如果你的系统在别的硬盘单独引导,则不需要。
pacman -S os-prober
对于 BIOS 系统:
pacman -S grub
grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sdX # sdX 为你的安装硬盘
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
对于 UEFI 系统:
pacman -S grub efibootmgr
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=GRUB
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
安装网络连接组件
这里我提供两种方案,选一个就行(例如我:无线网络组件)
无线网络组件:
pacman -S iw wpa_supplicant dialog netctl #无线网络
后面重启系统后可以使用wifi-menu
命令连网
有线网络组件: 注意:笔记本用户千万别手欠,觉得自己笔记本也有网线插口就执行以下命令,否则系统安装好,DNS也会无法解析,除非你真的是使用网线方式连的网络
systemctl enable dhcpcd #进入系统自动连网
systemctl start dhcpcd #重启后执行此命令启动网络服务
重启
系统到这里就安装完毕了
exit
umount -R /mnt
reboot
恭喜你已经安装完了系统,下一篇是安装桌面的指导