Author: EMT
link: https: //www.zhihu.com/question/62116576/answer/218204091
Source: know almost
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Ancient natural science, often mentioned a mistake Aristotle, heavier objects fall faster, naturally, we all know this is wrong, but this theory will tell you if a small child, he perhaps imperceptible error where, because of what? Because most people do not judge received a scientific theory is correct, it is often through analogy and life experience, from the perspective of analogy, heavy things up to get more laborious, nothing seemed to fall faster. The life experience tells us that a piece of paper and a quality of its same coin, falling from the air is naturally fast coins. Because of air resistance, while children and ancient people do not know or easily ignore air resistance, so Aristotle so many years no one opposed. This is the ancient natural science, often a lot of theoretical knowledge from life experience, often subjective assumptions.
Modern natural science to Galileo experimental basis, Newton presents classical mechanics, by more precise experiments, logical reasoning, advanced mathematical tools (at that time calculus same period appears, thought the limit also applied to physics, greatly promoted the development of physics). Classical physics is a model of science, modern science of Origin, after Newton generation a generation of scientists will develop the classical theory to the extreme, although experimental methods, mathematical tools are nothing wrong, but still mingled at the source of classical theory the subjective idea, is the absolute space concept of time. (Which is inevitable, then great scientist, no later various extreme experiments, but also could not get out of this idea) think of classical physics are independent of time and space, time and space have continuity. However, with the development of science, production progress, experiments can achieve improved continuously, the experiment not only stay in the low speed macro. This is the classical physics, through reasonable experimentation, logical reasoning, combined with advanced mathematical tools to study the world at low speed on a macroscopic level.
The pinnacle of the classical theory has passed, because people's vision is no longer confined to the low-speed macro, electrodynamic nineteenth century have been implicated in the fact that the speed of light constant ( Maxwell's equations ), followed by many scientific experiments have also proved the fact that the speed of light is constant. (Do not list them, there are a lot of people still do not understand why the constant speed of light, because most of us still used reference frame of reference the classical theory to simulate the movement of the object scene, but the speed of light does not come out the same simulation, it is not understand that this is normal, so the result is not the reason for the speed of light constant physical theory, but why the world is a cause and effect relationship because, instead of fruit. now there is no experimental proof material can carry the speed information exceeds the speed of light, nor any experiment observed relative speed of light, similar to the principle of constant speed of light mathematical axioms, but science is perjury, and those who found superluminal objects, have found that the relative speed of the speed of light, it will be able to prove the theory of relativity is wrong the premise is that you can find), as well as a similar experiment Michelson - Morley experiment interference you, Mercury's perihelion precession, etc., especially astronomy experiments have verified the theory of relativity, incidentally also mention the establishment of a new geometry laid the foundation for the theory of relativity, non-Euclidean geometry of the eighteenth century research is a major breakthrough in the history of mathematics. Quantum theory is true, the photoelectric effect and other discontinuities proved light, also verified the Planck quantum theory. Relativity and quantum theory is a cornerstone of modern physics, relativity bring people into the high-speed world, quantum theory bring people into the microscopic world. Although it may seem inconsistent with "logic", but that is the truth, numerous experiments tell us that the world is like that. From the microscopic physics entered a new era of high speed.
We look at the history of physics, theoretical physics from the ancient barely meet life experience, limited to the classical theory of macroscopic low speed, low speed and then tell sac expansion macro and micro modern physics can be found in every advance in physics, it is applicable range leap. Looking ahead, there are many human beings the unknown, dark matter and dark energy, quarks, virtual particles, these novelty if you can use modern theoretical explanation, now how to reconcile this theory, the experimental observation of how further, perhaps waiting for us the next round of theoretical innovation.
