Introduction to physics
What problems of physics research, its relationship with other science and technology, as well as its role of human civilization.
physics
Physics is a natural science. It starts at the age of Galileo and Newton. After more than three centuries of development, it has become a has many branches, respected and beloved basic science.
In far into the depths of the universe, right close to between nearly as large as the vast sky, the vast microscopic particles as small but fine in time and space, the basic form of existence of matter physics research, as well as their nature and sports law . Also studied the physics of the internal structure of the material, the various components and their understanding of the interaction of matter and their mutual motion and law of transformation at different levels.
Physics is an experimental science, nature study natural phenomena and the underlying, rules and internal relations . The basic concepts and theories, basic experimental methods and sophisticated testing techniques in the form of research in physics, and more and more widely used in other disciplines, thereby greatly enriched the human understanding of the material world, which greatly promoted the science and technology innovation and revolution, which greatly promoted the prosperity and progress of material production of human civilization.
Physics and other scientific advances
Development of physics, to promote the advancement of technology, industrial revolution triggered again and again. Modern physics is to become the basis of high technology.
Physics and social progress
Development of physics gave birth to technology innovation, and promote the prosperity of material production, it changed the way people work and live, and promote social progress.
Physics and innovative concepts
Physics greatly enriched the human understanding of the physical world, but also change and expand human way of thinking. Every significant progress in physics, is the progress of human thinking great ideas ladder.
In the early days of human civilization, people think the earth is a large flat plate, the development of the human understanding of the physics of the earth and even the universe has undergone enormous changes. From the "hemispherical dome" to "geocentric"; the "geocentric" to "heliocentric"; from the solar system to galaxies; from a static universe to the expansion of the universe; from the "beginning of the world" to "Big Bang" theory of evolution of the universe ... ...
Future physics
19 th century to classical mechanics, thermodynamics, statistical physics and classical electrodynamics physics as the main content, almost able to explain all physical phenomena known at the time.
20th century, physics major discovery after another.
| Decade | Significant discoveries and technological advances |
|---|---|
| 1900~1909 | A cathode ray blackbody radiation theory, special relativity, the photoelectric effect |
| 1910~1919 | X-ray crystal diffraction theory and experiment, the phenomenon of superconductivity, general relativity, Wilson cloud chamber |
| 1920~1929 | Quantum mechanics, the Compton effect, electron diffraction crystals |
| 1930~1939 | We discovered the neutron, a positron and cosmic rays, to produce artificial radioactive elements, nuclear magnetic resonance theory |
| 1940~1949 | The semiconductor and a transistor, found meson, hydrogen spectrum fine structure |
| 1950~1959 | Parity non-conservation in weak interactions, found that the anti-proton, Mossbauer effect |
| 1960~1969 | Tunneling lasers, superconductors, the cosmic microwave background radiation |
| 1970~1979 | J τ hydrogen and found child particles, weak unified theory, nonlinear physics |
| 1980~1989 | W and Z particles are found, scanning tunneling microscopy, high-temperature superconducting material, stunning 2 |
| 1990~1999 | Mesoscopic physics and device, and C60 family found, nanomaterials and nanostructures |
Physics mysteries of the 21st century.
The current theory is that the structure of matter, "quarks" constitutes a hadron protons, neutrons, etc., however, why the quarks can not exist alone? Looking deliver strong interaction gluons experiment can draw the expected results? How to combine quantum mechanics and general relativity to explain the origin and evolution of the universe? In addition, the nature of the most common state of motion, often neither fully defined nor completely random, but somewhere in between, but chaos theory to understand this phenomenon is far from mature ...... All waiting to be explored.
Throughout the history of world science and technology development, many scientists important discoveries and inventions are produced in their prime, quick thinking youth, this is a general rule. Despite the knowledge of young people as abundant as the elderly, but few conservative ideas, the most innovative.