ubuntu software installation
1 APP Store Installation
2 using the package management tools apt mounted (installed automatically download configuration + +)
ding@ding-ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install gitCommonly used apt-get command:
apt-get update
在修改/etc/apt/sources.list或/etc/apt/preferences之后运行该命令
此外，您需要定期运行这一命令以确保您的软件包列表是最新的
apt-get install packagename
安装一个新软件包
apt-get remove packagename
卸载一个已安装的软件包（保留配置文档）
apt-get remove --purge packagename
卸载一个已安装的软件包（删除配置文档）
apt-get autoremove packagename
删除包及其依赖的软件包
apt-get autoremove --purge packagname
删除包及其依赖的软件包 + 配置文件，比上面的要删除的彻底一点
dpkg --force-all --purge packagename
有些软件很难卸载，而且还阻止了别的软件的应用，就能够用这个，但是有点冒险。
apt-get autoclean
apt会把已装或已卸的软件都备份在硬盘上，假如需要空间，这个命令删除您已卸载掉的软件的备份。
apt-get clean
这个命令会把安装的软件的备份也删除，但是这样不会影响软件的使用。
apt-get upgrade
可以使用这条命令更新软件包选项很有用
apt-get dist-upgrade
将系统升级到新版本3 Use the deb package installation
sudo dpkg -i deb_package_name.debIn windows, we installed the .exe file, Ubuntu ,. there is a .deb deb files can also double-click to install.
4 download their own program source code to compile and install
ding@ding-ubuntu:~$ make
ding@ding-ubuntu:~$ make installInstalled in the program source code package, there is usually readme file, you will be prompted on how to compile and install.
File system structure
First, the root directory /
Under linux / is the root directory! All catalog produced by the root
Two, ubuntu file system structure
/ bin to store binary executable file. And stm32 Similarly, bin file is an executable file . In fact, some of the commands that can be used in single-user mode;
/ Boot storage Ubuntu kernel and the boot files such vmlinuz-xxx gurb boot loader, Boot intended to start (computer);
/ Cdrom disc file. If you insert a CD-ROM, CD-ROM file open here;
/ Dev storage device drivers;
/ Etc store some system configuration files, such as user ID and password file, start address a variety of services;
/ Home system default user's home folder. When creating a user with ubuntu, each user has a home folder, located in the / home directory; if we create a user_temp user, under / home also has a user_temp folder;
/ Lib repository file
/ Media pluggable device is placed in this directory, such as SD card, U-disk, or is mounted to the directory
mount point (/ mnt users can use the vmware shared folders ), if you want to mount some additional equipment, it can be mounted to here;
ding@ding-ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/Share$ pwd
/mnt/hgfs/Share // 共享文件夹/opt 可选的文件和程序存放目录，给第三方软件（网易云音乐）放置的目录；
/proc 虚拟文件系统，数据放置到内存中（不是Flash），存放系统运行信息；
// 查看/prroc/cpuonfo CPU信息
ding@ding-ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/Share$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 142
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8550U CPU @ 1.80GHz
stepping : 10
microcode : 0x9a
cpu MHz : 1992.000
cache size : 8192 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 4
core id : 0
cpu cores : 4
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 22
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xsaves arat flush_l1d arch_capabilities
bugs : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips : 3984.00
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 43 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:/root root用户目录，也就是系统管理员目录；
/sbin 和/bin类似，也是存放一些二进制可执行文件。sbin下面的一般是系统开机过程中所需要的命令；
/srv service缩写，服务相关目录。比如网络服务；
/sys 记录内核信息，虚拟文件系统；
/tmp 临时目录；
/usr usr不是user的缩写，而是UNIX Software Resource的缩写，存放于系统用户有关的文件，会占用很大的存储空间！
ding@ding-ubuntu:/$ du -sh /usr/
4.0G /usr/ // /usr文件夹占用4G的空间/var 存放一些变化的文件，比如日志文件；
