I. Introduction
This article is the first paper that is the end of the study section of the small series and there are reproduced and learn from one original article, this paper describes the necessary water treatment industry jargon.
Two chemical water treatment, circulating water treatment, sewage treatment.
2.1 chemical treatment
1. Surface water: refers to the presence on the surface of the earth's crust, the water exposed to the atmosphere, is a generic term rivers, glaciers, lakes, swamps four types of water bodies, also known as "land of water."
2. Groundwater: the following is stored in the vadose zone (vadose zone means positioned below the surface of the earth above the water table geologic medium) void formation, comprising water in the rock pores, cracks and caverns, cracks crustal rocks present in groundwater or voids in the soil.
3. Raw water: refers to the acquisition in nature, including not limited to ground water, reservoir water or the like to see the nature of water, artificial not undergone any purification treatment.
4.pH: indicates the pH value of the solution, pH = -lg [H +] that is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of the common pair.
5. Total Alkalinity: the amount of material in the water and can function with the strong acid. Such materials include strong base, weak base, a strong base, weak acid salts and the like.
6. Phenolphthalein Alkalinity: Alkalinity is using phenolphthalein as an indicator of the measured (end point of titration pH = 8.2 ~ 8.4).
7. Methyl orange alkalinity: is methyl orange as an indicator of the measured alkalinity (titration end point pH = 3.1 ~ 4.4).
8. Total Acidity: total acidity refers to the role of water substance and can react with strong bases, including inorganic acids, organic acids, acid salts and the like weak base.
9. Total Hardness: natural water in general, mainly Ca2 + and Mg2 +, a low content of other ions, usually Mg2 + and Ca2 total content is referred to as the total hardness of water + water.
10. The temporary hardness: Since the hardness of water containing 2 Mg (HCO3) 2 is formed Ca (HCO3) and, after boiling the hardness can be removed, which is called the hardness carbonate hardness, also known as temporary hardness.
11. The permanent hardness: Hardness since water containing CaSO4 (CaCl2) and MgSO4 (MgCl2) and the like of salts formed, after boiling can not be removed, this is called non-carbonate hardness hardness, also known as permanent hardness.
12. lysate: in the form of simple molecules or ions in the presence of water (or other solvent) solution, the particle size is usually only a few tenths to a few nanometers, invisible, no Tyndall phenomenon can not be seen with an optical microscope .
13. Colloidal: a plurality of molecules or ions of agglomerated particles bound together, usually in the size of several tens of nanometers to several tens of micrometers, not visible to the naked eye, but smaller Tyndall phenomenon occurs colloidal particles can not be seen with an optical microscope, a large can see.
14. The suspension: a large number of molecules or ions bonded visible small particle size generally can be clearly seen with an optical microscope for a long time left suspended particles may be precipitated in the tens of microns.
15. Total salt content: total ionized water referred to the total salt content. All amounts of cations and anions resulting from the total analysis obtained by adding water quality, expressed in mg / L (using past ppm).
16. Turbidity: also known as turbidity. From the technical sense speaking, turbidity is used to reflect an aqueous suspension in the water content of alternative parameters. The main water suspension, i.e. typically soil. To 1L of distilled water containing silica as the standard unit of 1mg turbidity.
17. Total Dissolved Solids: TDS, also known as total dissolved solids, measured in milligrams / liter (mg / L), which indicates that a solution of 1 liter of water in milligrams of dissolved solids.
18. Resistance: According to Ohm's law, at a certain water temperature, the resistance value R of the vertical size of the water F is inversely proportional to the sectional area of the electrode, L is proportional to the distance between the electrodes.
19. Conductivity: how strongly the water conductivity, electrical conductivity is called S (also known as conductivity).
20. Conductivity: The conductivity of the water that is inverse of the resistance of the water, it is usually expressed by purity of the water.
21. resistivity: resistivity of the water at a certain temperature means a side length of resistance between opposing side surfaces 1cm cubes of water in units of ohm-cm (Ω · cm), typically a parameter indicating high water quality.
22. demineralized water: refers to the hardness of the water (mainly water calcium and magnesium ions) remove or reduce to some extent water. Water softening process, the hardness decreased only, the total salt content unchanged.
23. desalinated water: refers to a salt water (mainly water soluble strong electrolyte) remove or reduce the water to a certain degree. The conductivity is generally 1.0 10.0μs / cm & lt, resistivity (25 deg.] C) 0.1 of 1,000,000 cm & lt ·, salt in an amount of 1.5mg / L.
24. Pure water: water refers to strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte (such as SiO2, CO2, etc.). Remove or reduce the water to a certain degree. The conductivity is generally: 1.0 0.1BCs / cm & lt, resistivity 1.0 of 1,000,000 cm & lt ·. Salinity <1mg / L.
25. The ultra-pure water: the conductive medium refers to almost completely remove the water, while the gas undissociated and colloidal organic matter (including bacteria, etc.) are also removed to a low level of water. The conductivity is generally 0.1 ~ 0.055μs / cm, a resistivity (25 ℃)> 10 × 1000000Ω.cm, salinity <0.1mg / L. Over water (theoretically) a conductivity of 0.05μs / cm, a resistivity (25 ℃) of 18.3 × 1000000μs / cm.
Oxygen 26. Water: also called deoxygenated water, removal of dissolved oxygen in water, boiler water is generally used.
27. The ion-exchange: A method of separation performed with different ion exchange capacity among the various ion exchanger ion exchangeable groups in the solution.
28. A cation resin: having an acidic group. In an aqueous solution of acid groups ionize to generate H +, cations can be ion-exchanged with water.
29. Anion: they contain ionizable basic groups and ion exchanged with anions in aqueous solution.
30. inert resin: inactive group is not ion exchange, the relative density is generally controlled between the male and female resin, separated for male and female resin, prevent the female, the male cross-contamination of the resin during regeneration, regenerated more complete.
31. MF: MF, also known as microfiltration, is a precision filtration. Microfiltration can filter out the micron or nanoscale particles and bacteria solution.
32. Ultrafiltration: UF, in one of the pressure-driven membrane separation technology. Macromolecular small molecule for the purpose of separating membrane pore size 20 ~ 1000A °.
33. nanofiltration: NF, a pressure between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration driven membrane separation process, nanofiltration membrane pore size range of about a few nanometers.
34. penetration: phenomenon of permeation of water molecules is diffused through the semipermeable membrane. It is a low penetration of water molecules by the high water molecules area region (i.e., low-concentration solution) (i.e., high concentration solution).
35. osmotic pressure: an aqueous solution of different concentrations of both the semipermeable membrane, the minimum pressure in order to prevent additional water from a low concentration to a high concentration side of the permeate side is applied on the side of high concentration is called osmotic pressure.
36. Reverse Osmosis: RO, the RO water is pressurized by manually pressed from the concentrated solution to a low concentration in the solution, RO reverse osmosis membrane pore size to the nanometer level, a certain pressure of water molecules through the RO membrane, and the original water, inorganic salts, heavy metal ions, organics, colloids, bacteria, viruses and other impurities not through the RO membrane.
36. dialysis: also known as dialysis. Kind of density difference is the driving force for the membrane separation operation, the choice of using a membrane-permeable solute, the solute separation of different properties.
37. electrodialysis: ED, during dialysis in the electric field, the charged solute solution particles (e.g., ions) migrate through the membrane phenomenon called electrodialysis.
38.EDI: also known as continuous electrical desalting technology, an ion exchange technique, the ion-exchange membrane and pure water manufacturing technology ion mobility technology combined.
39. Recovery: water supply system refers to a film transformed into percent yield of permeate or water.
40. A desalination rate: removing the water from the system through the reverse osmosis membrane the percentage of total soluble impurity concentration, or percentage of specific components such as divalent ions or organic removed by nanofiltration.
41. A salt passage: the opposite of salt rejection, which is the percentage of water in the solubility of the impurity component through the membrane. Permeate; through the membrane system to produce purified water production.
42. Flux: membrane area per unit flow rate of fluid through the, usually liters per square meter per hour (L / m2h) gallon per square foot or represents (GFD) per day.
43. Product water: an aqueous solution of purified, water production is a reverse osmosis or nanofiltration system.
44. Concentrate: That portion of the solution through the membrane, the concentrated water such as reverse osmosis or nanofiltration system. Kind NHCl2 more stable, good bactericidal effect, also known as combined residual chlorine.
2.2 circulating water
45. The circulating water: water cooling system to process media referred to cooling water systems.
46. DC cooling water system: water cooling device once only through the heat exchanger, after the use of the water was drained.
47. The open recirculating water: water-cooling medium or a heat exchanger removing heat process apparatus circulated, and then use the hot water in direct contact with a portion of the hot air evaporates, leaving most of the water obtained after cooling, and then recycle.
48. A closed loop water system: also known as closed-cycle cooling water systems. In this system, after the cooling water is not drained immediately, but recycling.
49. The cooling tower: a circulating water as a coolant, the heat absorbed from the exhaust system to the atmosphere, to reduce the temperature of the device. Points and mechanical ventilation in two natural ventilation cooling.
50. The water distribution: by the return water distribution uniformly distributed over the packing.
51. Fillers: filler return through a water film is formed, to increase the contact area with air.
52. The water collection: partially vaporizing liquid water carried in the water vapor recovered.
53. The circulating water: the sum of the water circulation system circulating water cooling tower. Maintain water: the sum of all of the circulating water system water volume equal to the sum of the pipes and tank volume and the volume of water within the water-cooled equipment.
54. Supplementary water: to supplement the circulating water system due to evaporation, sewage, water splashing losses required.
55. The amount of bypass water treatment: the rear portion of the water required for processing from the system and diverting the circulating cooling water, and then returned to the water system.
56. The water evaporation: circulating cooling water system, evaporation loss of water during operation.
57. Sewage water: concentrated under multiple conditions identified, the required discharge from the circulating cooling water system water.
58. The wind leakage loss of water: water circulating cooling water system and the wind leakage losses during operation.
59. Supplementary water: circulating cooling water system to replenish the water lost during operation.
60. The concentration ratio: the ratio of the circulating cooling water with salt concentration of salt-containing water is added.
61. The heat exchanger: the heat exchange between the object referred to a heat exchanger. The basic form of the circulating water heat exchanger: heat exchanger, convective heat transfer, radiation heat transfer, heat exchange was evaporated.
62. The heat-conducting: the heat between the parts in direct contact with the object transfer phenomenon called thermal conductivity.
63. The convective heat transfer: in the fluid, the heat transfer between the fluid mainly due to the motion of the fluid, a portion of the heat to the cold heat transfer fluid in this way is called heat transfer convective heat transfer.
64. Radiation heat transfer: the rear portion of the thermal energy of the hot object becomes radiant energy emitted outward form of electromagnetic waves to the receiving object radiation is again absorbed into heat energy, this heat transfer method is called an electromagnetic wave radiative heat transfer.
65. The evaporative heat exchanger: water molecules by evaporation to take such a heat exchanger in the form of latent heat of vaporization.
66. The cooling water inlet temperature difference: the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the cooling tower water pool.
67. The wet bulb temperature: refers to a state equal to the enthalpy of air, water vapor in the air when the air temperature reaches saturation.
68. The dry-bulb temperature: ordinary air thermometer in the measured temperature, which is generally often used temperature in the weather forecast.
69. The physical washing: flow rate of water through the pipe conduit is purged of debris.
70. The chemical cleaning: by the action of the agent, the metal heat exchanger surfaces clean and activated state, in preparation for the pre-film.
71. The pre-film: i.e., a chemical conversion film, and the apparatus is protected metal surface protection layer is a type of pipe, in particular after pickling and passivation conduit qualified, pre-film method can be used.
72. inhibitors: inhibit or delay the process of metal corrosion.
73. inhibitors: the use of chemical or physical methods, to prevent heat transfer surface of the heating device generating process deposits.
74. The oxidizing biocides: a strong oxidizing biocide, usually a strong oxidant, strong killing effect on the microorganisms in water.
75. Non-oxidizing biocides: oxidation not to kill microorganisms, but that microbial toxicity to a particular site, and therefore, it is not reducing substances in the water.
76. chlorine: refers to a chlorine-containing compound (in particular, as a disinfectant) corresponding to the amount of the chlorine oxidation, can be expressed quantitatively disinfection.
77. Chlorine: Chlorine refers to the chlorination of the water through contact predetermined time, the remaining chlorine in the water.
78. The compound of chlorine: refers to a compound of chlorine in the water with ammonia, there NH2Cl, NHCl2 and three kinds of NCl3 to NHCl2 more stable, bactericidal effect, also known as combined residual chlorine.
79. Free Chlorine: refers to water ClO-, HClO, Cl2, etc., sterilization fast, strong bactericidal, but disappeared quickly, also known as freedom of chlorine.
80. orthophosphoric: valence phosphorus phosphates.
81. The organic phosphorus: - a compound containing phosphoric acid derivative or organic groups containing carbon phosphorous bonds.
82. Total iron: present status of various iron, iron containing it.
83. Total Zinc: zinc presence of various states, all of the zinc element is contained.
84. The residence time of the agent: an agent effective time in the circulating cooling water system.
85. scale: the dissolved calcium, magnesium, thermal decomposition of bicarbonate, a white precipitate was gradually accumulated attached to the container, called fouling.
86. Corrosion: means (including metallic and nonmetallic) production process loss and destruction in the surrounding medium (water, air, acids, bases, salts, solvents, etc.) action.
87. The biological sludge: by microorganisms and mucus production, mixed with other organic and inorganic impurities together, adhered to the surface of the viscous substance.
79. Free Chlorine: refers to water ClO-, HClO, Cl2, etc., sterilization fast, strong bactericidal, but disappeared quickly, also known as freedom of chlorine.
80. orthophosphoric: valence phosphorus phosphates.
81. The organic phosphorus: - a compound containing phosphoric acid derivative or organic groups containing carbon phosphorous bonds.
82. Total iron: present status of various iron, iron containing it.
83. Total Zinc: zinc presence of various states, all of the zinc element is contained.
84. The residence time of the agent: an agent effective time in the circulating cooling water system.
85. scale: the dissolved calcium, magnesium, thermal decomposition of bicarbonate, a white precipitate was gradually accumulated attached to the container, called fouling.
86. Corrosion: means (including metallic and nonmetallic) production process loss and destruction in the surrounding medium (water, air, acids, bases, salts, solvents, etc.) action.
87. The biological sludge: by microorganisms and mucus production, mixed with other organic and inorganic impurities together, adhered to the surface of the viscous substance.
2.3 sewage treatment
88. Sewage: various kitchen waste water mainly water, washed with water and toilet water used for human life produced, mostly non-toxic inorganic salts, the sewage containing nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur - , pathogenic bacteria and more.
89. Municipal Sewage: Sewage discharged into collectively urban sewage systems. In the combined sewer system, wastewater and further comprising trapping rain. Municipal sewage including sewage and industrial wastewater, bringing together the urban drainage network and transported to the sewage treatment plant for processing.
90. Industrial wastewater: refers to waste water, sewage and waste generated in industrial processes, which contain contaminants with the water loss of industrial materials, intermediates and products, and the production process.
91.COD: COD, water can be oxidized amount of chemical substances consumed during the oxidation of the oxidizing agent under prescribed conditions, the number of milligrams per liter of water sample represents oxygen consumption, usually referred to as COD.
92.BOD: amount of dissolved oxygen in the ground water microbial decomposition process of organic matter in water consumption, called biochemical oxygen demand, usually referred to as BOD, common units of mg / l.
93.B / C: indicates the degree of contaminants in the water may be biochemical, 0.1 0.25 BIOREFRACTORY, 0.25 0.5 biodegradability,> 0.5 biochemical easily.
94.TOC: means the total amount of suspension water solubility and a carbon-containing organic compounds, oxidation of organic compounds to reflect water content in ppm or ppb.
95. Ammonia: refers to nitrogen present in the water as free ammonia (NH3) and ammonium ions (NH4 +) form.
96. Organic Nitrogen: general term nitrogenous substance bonded to carbon, such as proteins, amino acids, amides, urea and the like.
97. Kjeldahl Nitrogen: TKN, refers to an amount of Kjeldahl nitrogen (the Kjeldahl) as measured in. It includes ammonia and under this condition can be measured and converted to the ammonium salt of the organic nitrogen compound.
98. Nitrate: means nitrogen contained in the nitrate. Nitrate and nitrite sum.
99. TN: TN, water is the total amount of various forms of inorganic and organic nitrogen.
100. TP: TP, water samples after transformation by digestion of various forms of phosphorus into the measurement result orthophosphate per liter of water sample number of milligrams of phosphorous measurement.
101. hypophosphite: H2PO2ˉ present in the form of phosphate, normal chemical phosphorus removal will not need to be converted to a phosphate removal.
102. Chroma: the degree of solubility refers to substances or a gelatinous substance contained in the water-based yellow presented even tan.
103. grid: used to remove the water float.
104. First sedimentation tank: also known sank tank, wastewater treatment can sink structure and litter for removal.
105. The regulation pool: to adjust the structure into the water flow. Major regulatory role of quantity and quality, as well as water pH, water temperature, with the adjustment of the pre-aeration, drainage also be used as an accident.
106. pool accident: Accident water collection pool, sewage treatment process is one desired structure in the treatment of high strength wastewater chemical, petrochemical plants and some emissions will normally be provided pool accident.
Different waste water and suspended solids in the proportion of water to achieve the purpose of separation: 107. grease traps.
108. flotation: a large amount of fine air bubbles in the water, the air bubbles in the form of highly dispersed fine particles adhered to the suspension, resulting in a state of less dense than water, so that the principle of buoyancy floating in the water, in order to achieve the solid - liquid separation.
109. biochemical pool: pool bacterial metabolism which biochemical processes.
110. The secondary settling tank: the secondary sedimentation tank, two settling tanks are an important part of the activated sludge system, its main function is separated from the sludge, clarified liquid mixture, and reflux was concentrated activated sludge.
111. rectangular settling tank: a rectangular cell body plane, situated at the inlet and outlet ends of the cell length.
112. The vertical flow sedimentation tank: also known as vertical settling tank, the flow is vertical lagoon sedimentation tanks. Cell body into the pool graphics plane is circular or square, the center of the pool of water provided by the inlet pipe from top to bottom. By weight of the sludge precipitated by itself.
113. Radial flow sedimentation tank: waste water from the pool into the pool center of the inlet pipe, flows slowly in the radial direction to the peripheral cell. Suspended solids settling in the flow, into the sludge hopper and along the bottom slope, clarified water from the pool overflowing drains weeks.
114. sludge pond: Usually is a return sludge and excess sludge pond bloom.
115. Monitoring pool: also known as clean water tank for containing the treated effluent.
116. cohesion: the colloidal stability of the process of losing. Commonly known as colloidal destabilization.
117. Flocculation: destabilization of colloidal particles into large flocs poly another process.
118. Coagulation: destabilization by flocculation to form the entire two-stage process flocs large particles. Coagulation and flocculation of the general term.
119. metabolism: matter and energy between the body and the external environment as well as the exchange of self-renewal process and biological substances in the body called energy metabolism. Including anabolic metabolism (assimilation) and catabolic (catabolism).
120. zoogloea: Some bacteria due to their genetic characteristics determined between a certain arrangement of bacterial buildup with each other, surrounded by a common bacterial capsular form a shape group called floc.
121. filamentous fungi: the structure of a class of filamentous bacteria. Zoogloea the backbone.
122. autotrophic bacteria: inorganic carbon source is a carbon source bacteria.
123. heterotrophic bacteria: organic carbon source is a carbon source bacteria.
124. anaerobic environment: theoretical anaerobic means no molecular oxygen, no nitrate. But the actual work can not be achieved. ρ (DO) engineering <0.2mg / L anaerobic.
125. aerobic environment: both have dissolved nitrate. ρ engineering (DO)> 0.5mg / L or more aerobic.
126. hypoxia: molecular oxygen has no means nitrate. ρ engineering (DO) at 0.2 ~ 0.5mg / L of hypoxia.
127. The activated sludge: one kind of waste water processing method implemented by the floc adsorption, metabolism dewatering.
128. biofilm: a method of organic wastewater treatment using microorganisms adhering to certain solid growth surface (i.e., biofilm).
129. HRT: abbreviated HRT, the term water treatment process, hydraulic retention time is the average residence time of wastewater to be treated in the reactor, which is the average response time in the bioreactor sewage and the action of microorganisms.
130. SRT: refers to the average residence time of microbial cells in the aeration tank. For activated sludge, sludge age is refluxed full tank sludge aeration tank average update time (in days) required once.
131.SV:30 minutes settlement ratio, refers to the mixing of the activated sludge mixture aeration tank 1000mL quickly poured into a graduated cylinder to full scale, the precipitate was allowed to stand for 30 minutes, and the mixture of the settled sludge taken sludge settling ratio by volume (%), also known as sludge sedimentation volume (SV30) in mL / L expressed. After 30 minutes since the sludge settling, generally at or near maximum density, this time as the general index of the standard time measurement.
132.MLSS: sludge concentration, 1L sludge mixture aeration tank contained weight of the dry sludge.
133.MLVSS: a mixture of volatile suspended solids concentration, represents the concentration of the activated sludge mixture in the organic portion of the solid material.
134.RSS: sludge concentration return sludge.
135.SVI: sludge volume index is a measure of the sedimentation properties of activated sludge. Refers to the aeration tank after 30min the mixture allowed to settle, corresponding 1g dry sludge occupied volume (in mL), namely: SVI = 30min after the mixture was allowed to settle sludge volume (mL) / weight of dry sludge ( g), i.e., SVI = SV30 / MLSS.
136. The internal reflux ratio: the ratio of flow rate and water flow was refluxed for nitration, typically expressed as a percentage, symbol r.
137. The external reflux ratio: also known as sludge recycle ratio, reflux ratio and the flow rate of the sludge feed flow. Usually expressed as a percentage, symbol R.
138. inoculation: the biochemical treatment system or the activated sludge process dosing of granular sludge.
139. acclimation: In order to have a mature culture fecal sewage activated sludge having a gradual conversion of the processing capability of a particular industrial waste.
140. organic load: refers to the amount of activated sludge per unit mass per unit time of the removed contaminants.
141. volume load: aeration unit volume, weight contaminants that can be removed per unit time.
142. The impact load: in which sewage treatment operation, the amount of sludge is usually maintained at a certain level, the reactor (aeration tank, the anaerobic reactor, etc.) course, the volume does not change. But if the water quality has greatly changed (COD surged or dropped), it will make the sludge load and volume load changed greatly affect sludge microorganisms, the so-called shock loading.
143.ORP: redox potential, redox potential is a measure of an aqueous solution, which is a unit of mV.
144.DO: molecular oxygen dissolved in the water of dissolved oxygen is called, generally referred to as DO, expressed in milligrams of oxygen per liter of water.
145. Aeration: a means to make strong contact with water the air, an object of the oxygen in the air is dissolved in water or water exiled unwanted gases and volatiles into the air.
146. oxygenation rate: in waste water treatment, the ability of the liquid oxygen aerator oxygenation capacity is referred to, in kg / (m3 · h) meter (10 deg.] C or 20 ℃, 101.3kPa). Oxygenation capacity per kilowatt hour referred to as liquid oxygenation efficiency.
147. The plug-flow activated sludge process: Sewage promote uniform flow of wastewater into the tank from the head end, the trailing end of the outflow from the tank, after the preceding section flow stream do not mix.
148. Sequencing Batch activated sludge: Sludge one active intermittent aeration technology by way of operating. Its main features are ordered and intermittent operation on a run.
149. examination: microscopic examination short. Sampling the specimen is to be tested, production, observed under a microscope, analysis, determination.
150. protists: animal kingdom Protozoa like a lowest class of eukaryotic unicellular animal, cells from a single individual.
151. metazoan organisms: the general term for all other animals (metazoans sub-sector) In addition to the protozoa.
152. Non-filamentous bulking: due to the large accumulation of high viscosity material (many types of sugars such as glucose, mannose, arabinose, rhamnose and the like deoxyribose) zoogloea caused by bacteria in the body and non Filamentous expansion.
153. filamentous bulking: Because a large number of propagation of filamentous bacteria in activated sludge caused filamentous bulking sludge.
154. peroxide: microorganisms in an oxygen adequate and nutritional deficiencies such as a carbon source is sewage in itself is insufficient to continue the oxidation reaction.
155. Respiratory Exogenous: Under normal circumstances, the external energy supplied by microbes respiratory metabolism of exogenous called breathing.
156. endogenous respiration: If the external energy is not supplied, but by its own internal energy source is stored is called Respiratory Metabolism of endogenous respiration.
157. Aging: Because the SRT is too long, prolonged low load or peroxide sludge disintegration caused by the phenomenon.
158. sludge: means activated sludge outside the system activated sludge systems from the secondary sedimentation (or settling zone) is discharged.
159. amides: it refers to the process of organic nitrogen such as protein, urea and microbial decomposition into ammonia.
160. Nitration: refers to the nitric acid oxidation of ammonia in the process of the action of microorganisms.
161. Denitrification: Nitrate bacteria means (NO3-) by a series of intermediate (NO2-, NO, N2O) reduction of biochemical processes nitrogen (N2) in the.
162. Short-cut Nitrification and Denitrification: NH3 generation means short nitrification nitrite, not nitrate production; and by the nitrite generated directly N2, called short denitrification.
163. SND: nitrification and denitrification tends to occur in the same process conditions and the same process space, and therefore, such a phenomenon known as simultaneous nitrification, and denitrification (SND).
164. ANAMMOX: i.e. under anoxic conditions by the use of nitrite anammox bacteria is an electron acceptor, the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen biological processes.
165. breakpoint chlorination: NH3-N in wastewater may be of an appropriate pH, chlorine-based oxidizing agent (e.g. Cl2, NaOCl) so that oxidation of chloramine (NH2Cl, NHCl2, NCl3) after reoxidation decomposed into N2 gas is the removal of object.
166. struvite: the use of magnesium ions, ammonium ion, magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitate formed by the method of removing ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus.
167. biological phosphorus removal: using an excess of phosphorus accumulating bacteria uptake characteristics of the process to achieve phosphorus removal.
168. Phosphorus Chemical: phosphate precipitate formed with the use of certain metal ions of phosphorus removal process principle come.
169. Gasification Phosphorus: phosphine phosphate formed during the action of microorganisms.
170. sludge drying: diafiltration or the like by the action of the evaporation process of removing most of the water content in sludge.
171. anaerobic reactor: Reactor for the anaerobic treatment specialized technology provided.
172. Anaerobic Sludge: l granular sludge flow anaerobic sludge bed reactors and the like, the hollow nearly circular, mainly composed of inorganic precipitates and extracellular polysaccharides configuration, a variety of microorganisms live together effective in removing contaminants in the wastewater.
173. aerobic granular sludge: by microbial action from the agglomeration of particulate activated sludge formed in the aerobic environment.
174.MBR: also known as membrane bioreactors, is a new technique for treatment by the membrane separation unit and a biological treatment means in combination. The film instead of the secondary settling tank.
175. Advanced Oxidation: the sewage can not be produced by the process is subjected to hydroxyl radical oxidative degradation of contaminants common oxidizing agents.
176. hydroxyl radical: active oxygen is an important, from the point of view by the formula hydroxide (OH-) loses one electron. Hydroxyl radicals with strong electron-donating ability is obtained oxidation, the oxidation potential of 2.8V. Is the nature of the oxidant after fluorine.
177. evaporative crystallization: heating the solvent was evaporated, the solution becomes saturated unsaturated, evaporation continued, the excess solute will precipitate in crystalline, called evaporative crystallization.
178. macrophage salt bacteria: refers only to survive in a saline environment, a class of bacterial microorganisms having a specific physical structure.
179. Water Reuse: that the sewage (or urban sewage) through in-depth technical or industrial wastewater treatment to remove impurities, removal of toxic water pollution, hazardous substances and certain heavy metal ions, and then sterilized, its water colorless, odorless, crystal clear water, and mixed with water at or better than the standard (or regulations) prescribed by the State, is widely used in the production or residents.
180. Zero Emissions: refers to the industrial water after repeated use, and this part of the salt content of waste water contaminants to a high concentration (99%) recycled or filtered using a filter press water-insoluble material recycling use, no waste water discharge facility.
This article draws on Chinese journals water treatment industry sectors, "China Water & Wastewater."
