[LeetCode] 51, N Queen

Title Description

Given an integer n , returns all the different n solutions to the problem of the Queen. Each solution contains an explicit n queens problem pieces placed embodiment, the program 'Q'and '.'represent the space and queen.

输入: 4
输出: [
 [".Q..",  // 解法 1
  "...Q",
  "Q...",
  "..Q."],

 ["..Q.",  // 解法 2
  "Q...",
  "...Q",
  ".Q.."]
]
解释: 4 皇后问题存在两个不同的解法。

Problem-solving ideas

Backtracking algorithms classic title, must-see: backtracking algorithm explain . (Similar Title: full array)

Reference Code

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<string>> solveNQueens(int n) {
        vector<string> board(n, string(n, '.'));
        backtrack(board, 0, n);
        return res;
    }
    
    // 路径:board 中小于 row 的那些行都已经成功放置了皇后
    void backtrack(vector<string> &board, int row, int n){
        if(row == n){  // 触发结束条件
            res.push_back(board);
            return;
        }
        
        // 选择列表:第 row 行的所有列都是放置皇后的选择
        for(int col = 0; col < n; col++){
            // 排除不合法选择
            if(!isValid(board, row, col, n))
                continue;
                
            board[row][col] = 'Q';  // 做选择
            backtrack(board, row+1, n);  // 进入下一行决策
            board[row][col] = '.';  // 撤销选择
        }
    }
    
    /* 是否可以在 board[row][col] 放置皇后? */
    bool isValid(vector<string> &board, int row, int col, int n){
        // 检查列是否有皇后互相冲突
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
            if(board[i][col] == 'Q')
                return false;
        }
        // 检查右上方是否有皇后互相冲突
        for(int i = row-1, j = col+1; i >= 0 && j < n; i--, j++){
            if(board[i][j] == 'Q')
                return false;
        }
        // 检查左上方是否有皇后互相冲突
        for(int i = row-1, j = col-1; i >= 0 && j >= 0; i--, j--){
            if(board[i][j] == 'Q')
                return false;
        }
        
        return true;
    }

private:
    vector<vector<string>> res;
};
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