449. The serialization and deserialization binary search trees (serialize-and-deserialize-bst)

Serialization and deserialization binary search trees (serialize-and-deserialize-bst)

Serialization is the process of converting a data structure or object during a series of bits, so that it can be stored in the memory buffer or a file, or transmitted over a network connection link, for later reconstruction in the same or another computer environment.

Design an algorithm to serialization and de-serialization binary search tree . Serialization / de-serialization algorithm works is not limited. Just be sure binary search tree can be serialized to a string, and the string of anti-sequence can be reduced to the initial binary search tree.

Encoded string should be as compact as possible.

Note : Do not use class members / global / static variables to store state. Your serialization and de-serialization algorithm should be stateless.

Algorithms and ideas

Sequence of (encoded)

Preorder traversal binary search tree, traversing the integer data into a string and connecting the string data, special use delimited connection.

//将整型的数据转为字符串
void change_int_to_string(int val, std::string &str_val){
	std::string tmp;
	while(val){
		tmp += val % 10 + '0';
		val = val / 10;
	}
	for (int i = tmp.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--){
		str_val += tmp[i];
	}
	str_val += '#';
}

//前序遍历
void BST_preorder(TreeNode *node, std::string &data){
	if (!node){
		return;
	}
	std::string str_val;
	change_int_to_string(node->val, str_val);
	data += str_val;
	BST_preorder(node->left, data);
	BST_preorder(node->right, data);
}

Deserialize (decoding)

The decoded string as a binary search tree:
the string in the separator when code "#", the respective numbers split out one by one, the first number of build a binary search tree root construct, each back digital a node when parsing the order of the root node, the root node returns, to complete the decoding work.

void BST_insert(TreeNode *node, TreeNode *insert_node){
	if (insert_node->val < node->val){
		if (node->left){
			BST_insert(node->left, insert_node);
		}
		else{
			node->left = insert_node;
		}
	}
	else{
		if (node->right){
			BST_insert(node->right, insert_node);
		}
		else{
			node->right = insert_node;
		}
	}
}

8#3#1#6#10#15#

			8
		/			\
	3				10
/		\				\
1		6				15

Code

#include <stdio.h>


struct TreeNode {
	int val;
	TreeNode *left;
	TreeNode *right;
	TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
};

#include <string>
#include <vector>

void BST_insert(TreeNode *node, TreeNode *insert_node){
	if (insert_node->val < node->val){
		if (node->left){
			BST_insert(node->left, insert_node);
		}
		else{
			node->left = insert_node;
		}
	}
	else{
		if (node->right){
			BST_insert(node->right, insert_node);
		}
		else{
			node->right = insert_node;
		}
	}
}

void change_int_to_string(int val, std::string &str_val){
	std::string tmp;
	while(val){
		tmp += val % 10 + '0';
		val = val / 10;
	}
	for (int i = tmp.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--){
		str_val += tmp[i];
	}
	str_val += '#';
}

void BST_preorder(TreeNode *node, std::string &data){
	if (!node){
		return;
	}
	std::string str_val;
	change_int_to_string(node->val, str_val);
	data += str_val;
	BST_preorder(node->left, data);
	BST_preorder(node->right, data);
}

class Codec {
public:
    std::string serialize(TreeNode* root) {//编码
    	std::string data;
        BST_preorder(root, data);
        return data;
    }
    TreeNode *deserialize(std::string data) {//解码
    	if (data.length() == 0){
	    	return NULL;
	    }
    	std::vector<TreeNode *> node_vec;
    	int val = 0;
    	for (int i = 0; i < data.length(); i++){
	    	if (data[i] == '#'){
	    		node_vec.push_back(new TreeNode(val));
	    		val = 0;
	    	}
	    	else{
	    		val = val * 10 + data[i] - '0';
	    	}
	    }
	    for (int i = 1; i < node_vec.size(); i++){
    		BST_insert(node_vec[0], node_vec[i]);
    	}
    	return node_vec[0];
    }
};

void preorder_print(TreeNode *node,int layer){
	if (!node){
		return;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < layer; i++){
		printf("-----");
	}
	printf("[%d]\n", node->val);
	preorder_print(node->left, layer + 1);
	preorder_print(node->right, layer + 1);
}

int main(){
	TreeNode a(8);
	TreeNode b(3);
	TreeNode c(10);
	TreeNode d(1);
	TreeNode e(6);
	TreeNode f(15);	
	a.left = &b;
	a.right = &c;
	b.left = &d;
	b.right = &e;
	c.left = &f;	
	Codec solve;	
	std::string data = solve.serialize(&a);
	printf("%s\n", data.c_str());
	TreeNode *root = solve.deserialize(data);
	preorder_print(root, 0);	
	return 0;
}