A common command
1, common operations
mkdir -p ./a/b/c // recursively create a multi-layer directory
mkdir ./abc/{,x,y,z}dir // create xdir at abc, ydir, cdir folder
cd ~ syraer // enter the user directory under the user name syraer
cd - before // Back to Contents
rm -f // forced to delete
rm -rf // recursive forced to delete
Clear Cache command hash -r //
mv 1 2 // move files -> directory
cp -r / a // copy files directory
ln 1 2 // hard link (point to the same address location, the count increases or decreases, delete files, count-down)
ln -s 1 2 // soft links (point to the same file, counting only increase not decrease. delete files, link error)
stat ./etc // metadata (modify permissions and other metadata information, change the time change. modify files, metadata changes, access time, file changes, three times will change)
touch // mainly used to modify metadata or three times to create an empty file
[root@node01 /]# stat /etc
File: `/etc'
Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory
Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 917505 Links: 61
Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2020-01-12 22:18:34.983663970 +0800
Modify: 2020-01-12 20:50:46.470668281 +0800
Change: 2020-01-12 20:50:46.470668281 +0800
2, view file
cat // View Files
more // view files
less // view the file, q to exit, j line by line, b rollback, a piece of space
Former head -4 // View Files four lines
After the tail -4 // View Files four lines
grep PATTERN profile // Find the profile PATTERN
grep -v PATTERN profile // Find the profile does not contain PATTERN
'|' Pipe format: a command | two command (a command output to a pipe, then two pipeline operation command) subsequent careful Science
echo "/" | xargs ls -l //字符‘/’ 被命令xargs执行，把获取的字符‘/’当做ls命令的参数并执行ls. 3, VI / Vim command (commonly marked red, must be used)
open a file
- vim /path/to/somefile
- vim + #: Open the file, and located in the first row #
- vim +: Open File, navigate to the last row
- vim + / PATTERN: open a file, the first line is positioned to the first row is matched to the PATTERN
Full screen editor• Mode:- Edit mode: keys with text editing functions: to enter edit mode by default- Input mode: key significance in itself- line mode: accept user input commands
Edit mode
• Edit -> Input:- I: in front of the current cursor characters into the input mode;- A: after the current cursor characters into the input mode;–- O: below the current cursor line, the new line, and into the input mode;- O : the line above the current cursor, the new line, and into the input mode;- the I : In the first line of the current cursor row, converting the input mode- A : In the end of the current cursor line, into an input mode- Input -> Editor:• ESC• Edit -> the last line :– ：• the last line -> Editor:- ESC ESC
• Move the cursor- Character• H: Left ; J: under ; k: on ; L: Right- word• w: move to the next word of the first word• E: skip to the ending of the current or next word• b: Skip the current or previous word of the first word- row• 0: absolute beginning of the line• ^: the first non-whitespace characters of• $: absolute end of the line- between the lines• G: end of the article• 3G: The first 3 lines• GG: beginning of the article- scroll• ctrl ： f ， b
• Delete & replace a single character- the X-: delete the character at the cursor position- 3x: Delete cursor starts 3 characters- R & lt: Replace character cursor position• Delete command: d- DW , dd, 3dw (three words)• Copy Paste & Cut- is , yy– p– P• Undo & Redo- U revocation- Ctrl + R & lt redo the undone action- . Operation Repeat the previous step
Line mode
Close the file
line mode: shift +:
- : Q Quit untouched file
- : Wq to save and exit move over, do not regret it
- :! Q to exit without saving move too, regret
- : W save
- :! W forced to save
- :wq --> :x
- shift + ZZ: colon does not need to save and exit edit mode
- the SET : Set
– set nu number– set nonu nonumber– set readonly––
- / : Find
– /after– n ， N- ? Look up-1, $ d delete a row to the last row, a combination of command
- ! :Excuting an order
- :! Ls -l /
- s Find and Replace
- s / str1 / str2 / gi• / : near s first character of command boundary characters: / , @ , #• G : one line Replace All• i : ignore case- range• the n- : line number• . : Current cursor line• + n : Offset n rows• $ : end of the line, $ -3• % : full text
