A, vim
Two modes of operation: a new file
pyvip @ Vip: ~ / demo / 2_3 $ vim demo.txt # operate a new file
A command mode is entered, press enter insert mode i, start editing content, press esc enter command mode, i / I, o / O, a / A is input in the command mode, the most commonly used is i
Lower case i is inserted starting from the cursor position, a capital I is inserted starting from the first row
A lower case is inserted from the back start position the cursor, uppercase A is inserted starting from the end of the line
Lowercase o opens a row downwardly open up one line uppercase O
Command line mode is also a mode
The following operations are based on the command mode:
1, the save operation
: q # quit, if the content is changed, no exit :! q # forced to quit without saving changes : w # Save changes : wq # Save and exit : x # save and exit
2, common operations
# Usually lowercase and uppercase letters function is the opposite
<! - Copy -> YY # Copy line (n) yy # copy multiple lines eg: 6yy copy 6 lines y $ # copy the cursor to the end of the line (including the cursor) the y-^ # copy cursor up to the beginning of the line (not including the cursor ) <-! - paste> P # paste <! - cut / delete -> dd cut # / remove a line (n) dd # cut / delete lines eg: 6dd cut / deleted rows 6 d $ # cut / delete the cursor to the end of the line (including the cursor) d ^ # cut / delete cursor up to the beginning of the line (not including cursor and spaces) d # cut / delete the cursor to the end of the line (including the cursor) D0 # cut / delete cursor up to the beginning of the line (including spaces but excluding cursor) the X-# delete the character under the cursor (later deleted) the X-# delete a character before the cursor (forward delete) <-! withdrawn -> U # withdrawal ctrl + r # anti-withdrawal # repeats the last operation. <! - modify -> R & lt modified cursor character # R # into the replacement state, a plurality of modified <! - after shifting the entire line -> >> # entire line moved back << # entire line moved forward <-! select a block of code -> v # start position from the cursor to select a plurality of rows V # multiple selections <- find and replace -!> :% S / str1 / g # str2 str1 with str2 replace the text /, j g added to replace all, without only replace the first : 12,20s / str1 / str2 / g # find str1 line 12 through line 20, and replaced with str2
3, operation of the cursor
<-! - vertically and horizontally> H # left under j # a # K L # Right <! - page -> Ctrl + Down # D-half page ctrl + f # the next ctrl + u # up half page ctrl + b # Previous to the <! - fast positioning -> G # cursor quickly locate the last row gg # cursor quickly locate the first row H # quickly locate the cursor in the visible region of the first row M # quickly locate the cursor the visible region of the intermediate L # cursor quickly locate the last line in the visible region of <! - mobile -> 0 # cursor jumps to the beginning of the line ^ # cursor jumps to the first non-blank character in the first row $ # jump cursor end of the line to the first letter w # cursor to the next word b # move the cursor to the first letter of a word
Second, the authority
1. Permissions
-rw-rw-r-- 1 pyvip pyvip 36 Feb 3 14:48 demo.py # 9 letters in the first column indicates the file or directory permissions; represents R & lt read, w for write, x denotes performed; second column represents the number of file hard links; third column indicates the file owner; fourth column shows the group the file belongs to; and the fifth column represents the file size, if it is a directory, the directory represents the size, note that the size of the directory itself, not the directory following its total file size; sixth column represents the file or directory was last modified -rw-rw-r-- # first - is represented by a file type, mainly rw-rw-r- in the back -, 9 put behind us, divided into three groups. A set of three; rw- first set representing the user's own permissions (User); a second set of expressed permission rw- user's group (group); r-- third group represented by other users permission (OTHER) R & lt # Indicates whether readable, if not r permission, is a directory, you can not go ls view, is a file, you can not go to cat View w # Indicates whether to write, if not w permission, is a directory, you can not go mkdir create a directory file, a file, you can not go touch to create a file x # indicates whether an executable, if there is no x permission, if the directory, you can not cd into it, and if a file can not be executed
2, modify the permissions
a, letter method
pyvip @ Vip: ~ / demo / 2_3 $ chomd u / g / o / a + / - / = rwx fileName / dirName # u / g / o / a user table, + / - / = table setting or subtraction, rwx table permissions, fileName / dirName filename
u ==> user # user permissions
g ==> group # group permission
o ==> other # other rights
a ==> all # All
+ ==> # Add add permissions
- = => # removed out of permission
= ==> set permissions set #
b, either digital
pyvip @ Vip: ~ / demo / 2_3 $ chmod 775 fileName / dirName # 7 represents a 4 + 2 + 1, has all privileges; 6 + 2 represents 4, only read and write privileges; represents a 4 + 1 5, and read only execute permissions; 3 represents only write and execute permissions; 0 means no rights; 775 in turn said he, group, and others permission to
r ==> the Read ==> 4
w ==> the write ==> 2
the X- ==> performed ==>. 1
- ==> no ==> 0