JDK source (11) -Long, Short

I. Overview

Class definition:

public final class Long extends Number implements Comparable<Long> 

Packaging is the basic data type long.

Second, the main properties

Third, the main method and its source code

1.toString related

public static String toString(long i, int radix) 
public static String toUnsignedString(long i, int radix)
private static BigInteger toUnsignedBigInteger(long i)
public static String toHexString(long i)
public static String toOctalString(long i)
public static String toBinaryString(long i)
public static String toString(long i)
public static String toUnsignedString(long i)

There are several non-qualifier and private methods:

    private static BigInteger toUnsignedBigInteger(long i) {
        if (i >= 0L)
            return BigInteger.valueOf(i);
        else {
            int upper = (int) (i >>> 32);
            int lower = (int) i;

            // return (upper << 32) + lower
            return (BigInteger.valueOf(Integer.toUnsignedLong(upper))).shiftLeft(32).
                add(BigInteger.valueOf(Integer.toUnsignedLong(lower)));
        }
    }

    static String toUnsignedString0(long val, int shift) {
        // assert shift > 0 && shift <=5 : "Illegal shift value";
        int mag = Long.SIZE - Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(val);
        int chars = Math.max(((mag + (shift - 1)) / shift), 1);
        char[] buf = new char[chars];

        formatUnsignedLong(val, shift, buf, 0, chars);
        return new String(buf, true);
    }

    static int formatUnsignedLong(long val, int shift, char[] buf, int offset, int len) {
        int charPos = len;
        int radix = 1 << shift;
        int mask = radix - 1;
        do {
            buf[offset + --charPos] = Integer.digits[((int) val) & mask];
            val >>>= shift;
        } while (val != 0 && charPos > 0);

        return charPos;
    }

    static void getChars(long i, int index, char[] buf) {
        long q;
        int r;
        int charPos = index;
        char sign = 0;

        if (i < 0) {
            sign = '-';
            i = -i;
        }

        // Get 2 digits/iteration using longs until quotient fits into an int
        while (i > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
            q = i / 100;
            // really: r = i - (q * 100);
            r = (int)(i - ((q << 6) + (q << 5) + (q << 2)));
            i = q;
            buf[--charPos] = Integer.DigitOnes[r];
            buf[--charPos] = Integer.DigitTens[r];
        }

        // Get 2 digits/iteration using ints
        int q2;
        int i2 = (int)i;
        while (i2 >= 65536) {
            q2 = i2 / 100;
            // really: r = i2 - (q * 100);
            r = i2 - ((q2 << 6) + (q2 << 5) + (q2 << 2));
            i2 = q2;
            buf[--charPos] = Integer.DigitOnes[r];
            buf[--charPos] = Integer.DigitTens[r];
        }

        // Fall thru to fast mode for smaller numbers
        // assert(i2 <= 65536, i2);
        for (;;) {
            q2 = (i2 * 52429) >>> (16+3);
            r = i2 - ((q2 << 3) + (q2 << 1));  // r = i2-(q2*10) ...
            buf[--charPos] = Integer.digits[r];
            i2 = q2;
            if (i2 == 0) break;
        }
        if (sign != 0) {
            buf[--charPos] = sign;
        }
    }

The method uses several properties of Integer, also we use a number of shift operations.

2.parselong

    public static long parseLong(String s, int radix)
              throws NumberFormatException
    {
        if (s == null) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("null");
        }

        if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " less than Character.MIN_RADIX");
        }
        if (radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");
        }

        long result = 0;
        boolean negative = false;
        int i = 0, len = s.length();
        long limit = -Long.MAX_VALUE;
        long multmin;
        int digit;

        if (len > 0) {
            char firstChar = s.charAt(0);
            if (firstChar < '0') { // Possible leading "+" or "-"
                if (firstChar == '-') {
                    negative = true;
                    limit = Long.MIN_VALUE;
                } else if (firstChar != '+')
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

                if (len == 1) // Cannot have lone "+" or "-"
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                i++;
            }
            multmin = limit / radix;
            while (i < len) {
                // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
                digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);
                if (digit < 0) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                if (result < multmin) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result *= radix;
                if (result < limit + digit) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result -= digit;
            }
        } else {
            throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
        }
        return negative ? result : -result;
    }

Four, Short

Long and Short of some methods have been explained in Integer, the description thereof is omitted. Short smallest maximum properties as follows:

public static final short   MIN_VALUE = -32768;
public static final short   MAX_VALUE = 32767;