Tomcat Introduction
- Tomcat was originally developed by Sun software architect James Duncan Davidson
- The following installation path directories and files after installing Tomcat, it is important to use a file or Tomcat configuration
Tomcat important directories
- bin: to store startup and shutdown scripts Tomcat
- conf: Tomcat different configuration file storage
- doc: Document storage Tomcat
- lib / japser / common: where the libraries needed to run Tomcat
- logs: LOG files stored execution of Tomcat
- src: storing source code Tomcat
- webapps: The main Web Tomcat distribution directory
- work: produced after the deposit jsp compiled class files
Nginx application
- Nginx is a very good HTTP server software
- Supports up to respond to the number of concurrent connections 50000
- It has a strong ability to deal with static resources
- run smoothly
- Memory, CPU and other system resource consumption is very low
- At present, many large sites use Nginx server as a backend web application of a reverse proxy and load balancers to lift the load concurrency entire site
Nginx load balancing implementation principle
- Nginx load balancing is achieved through reverse proxy
- Reverse proxy principle
The main parameters to configure Nginx reverse proxy
- upstream Service pool name {}
- Configuring backend server pools to provide data in response to
- proxy_pass HTTP: // Service pool name
- Configured to forward the request to access the back-end server pool of server processes
Nginx + Tomcat load balancing cluster experiment
lab environment
Nginx服务器IP地址:192.168.80.177
Tomcat1服务器IP地址:192.168.80.151
Tomcat2服务器IP地址:192.168.80.178
client测试机
Set up load balancing
- Configuring Tomcat installation services on Tomcat1, Tomcat2 server (on page Tomcat2 content accp as other configuration)
[root@tomcat1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙 [root@tomcat1 ~]# mkdir /abc [root@tomcat1 ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.8/LNMP-C7 /abc/ [root@tomcat1 ~]# cd /abc/tomcat/ [root@tomcat1 tomcat]# tar zxvf jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ //解压JDK [root@tomcat1 tomcat]# vim /etc/profile //配置环境变量 ... export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91 export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH [root@tomcat1 tomcat]# source /etc/profile //刷新配置文件 [root@tomcat1 tomcat]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ //解压 [root@tomcat1 tomcat]# cd /usr/local/ [root@tomcat1 local]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.16/ tomcat [root@tomcat1 local]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh /usr/local/bin/ //将启动和关闭脚本便于系统识别 [root@tomcat1 local]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh /usr/local/bin/ [root@tomcat1 local]# mkdir -p /web/webapp1 //创建站点 [root@tomcat1 local]# vim /web/webapp1/index.jsp //写入jsp网页内容 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <html> <head> <title>JSP test1 page</title> </head> <body> <% out.println("Welcome KGC Web");%> //输出信息 </body> </html> [root@tomcat1 local]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml //修改Tomcat配置文件 <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <Context docBase="/web/webapp1" path="" reloadable="false"> ##添加站点信息 </Context> [root@tomcat1 ~]# startup.sh //启动服务
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Installation Configuration Nginx Nginx server service on
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service ##关闭防火墙 [root@nginx ~]# setenforce 0 [root@nginx ~]# yum install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make -y ##安装环境必要组件 [root@nginx ~]# mkdir /abc [root@nginx ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.3/LNMP-C7 /abc/ ##挂载 Password for root@//192.168.100.3/LNMP-C7: [root@nginx ~]# cd /abc/ [root@nginx abc]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ ##解压 [root@nginx abc]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx ##创建系统用户 [root@nginx abc]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.12.2/ [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure \ ##配置 > --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ > --user=nginx \ > --group=nginx \ > --with-http_stub_status_module \ > --with-http_gzip_static_module \ > --with-http_flv_module [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install ##编译安装 [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; upstream tomcat-server { #添加地址池 server 192.168.80.151:8080 weight=1; server 192.168.80.178:8080 weight=1; } server { listen 80; .....省略 location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; proxy_pass http://tomcat-server; #添加代理,调用服务器地址池 } [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/ ##便于系统识别 [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# nginx ##开启服务
- Use the test client machine to access nginx proxy server
Static and dynamic separation
- Nginx modify the configuration file on the server Nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx //编写service启动脚本 #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: - 99 20 # description: Nginx Service Control Script PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" case "$1" in start) $PROG ;; stop) kill -s QUIT $(cat $PIDF) ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; reload) kill -s HUP $(cat $PIDF) ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}" exit 1 esac exit 0 [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# chkconfig --add nginx [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf server { ...省略... location ~.*.jsp$ { //匹配jsp页面跳转代理服务器池 proxy_pass http://tomcat-server; proxy_set_header Host $host; } location / { root html/test; ##修改站点 index index.html index.htm; proxy_pass http://tomcat-server; } [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html //编写静态网页 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"> <title>静态页面</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>静态页面</h1> <p>这是个静态页面</p> </body> </html> [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx stop ##关闭开启服务 [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx start
- Jsp create dynamic pages on Tomcat1, Tomcat2 server
[root@tomcat1 ~]# mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test [root@tomcat1 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/index.jsp <!DOCTYPE html> <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ page import="java.util.Date" %> <%@ page import="java.text.SimpleDateFormat" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/ html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>动态页面</title> </head> <body> <div>动态页面1</div> </body> </html> //在Tomcat2上修改为动态页面2 //访问静态 http://192.168.13.177/ //访问动态 http://192.168.13.177/test/index.jsp
- Nginx configuration of static image processing, Tomcat handle dynamic pages
- Are arranged on both Tomcat server
[root@tomcat1 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/index.jsp <body> <div>动态页面</div><br><img src="11.jpg"> //添加页面图片 </body> [root@tomcat01 local]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml //在第149行下追加以下条目, <Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test" path="" reloadable="false"> </Context> [root@tomcat1 test]# shutdown.sh //关闭重启 [root@tomcat1 test]# startup.sh
- Nginx modify the configuration file on the server Nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf location ~.*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css)$ { root html/test; expires 30d; } [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/test [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# cp /abc/11.jpg /usr/local/nginx/html/test/ [root@nginx html]# service nginx restart //重启服务
- Are arranged on both Tomcat server
- Use client test