Two years ago, bitcoin block chain and a symbol of the etheric Square 2.0 of avalanche, the whole world felt the Bitcoin since 2013 to take off again after the madness, to create a single gold record high price of 22,000 dollars. Almost overnight, the rapid expansion of the block chain of rivers and lakes, as a gluttonous feast, no one is willing absent. All kinds of technical experts, financial leaders, pregnant with dreams of entrepreneurs with liquidity admission, the feast will begin to block chain, chain block future unknown and distant, perhaps it is this unknown, many participants gave endless imagination and courage. Since then, the block chain words began to enter the public view.
Two years later, the general secretary of the Central Political Bureau meeting stressed learning, will block chain as an important breakthrough in the core national technology innovation to accelerate and promote the block chain technology innovation and industrial development. Central strategic deployment resounding block chain of battlefield re-ignited, but this time, the block chain destined not easily leave.
Xu Zijing talk about how to block chain
Simply speaking, the block chain is a huge distributed "books" and databases, with decentralized, to trust, can not be tampered with, full marks to stay, can be traced, collective defense, transparency and so on. For example, you and Sally make a deal if there is only one book, transaction risk of being tampered with; but block chain so that every transaction is recorded on numerous small books, together constitute the great big books, so The whole world knows the deal between the two of you, want to bilk or tampering impossible. Therefore, the block chain so that individuals are unaware of any consensus reached by certain credit contract mechanism, without the need for an intermediary, the biggest benefit is the establishment of a credit mechanism for the Internet age.
Digital assets from money to music or other products are not stored in a central area, but dispersed among the world's books, using the highest level of cryptographic techniques. When the transaction processing is complete, it will publish notice by hundreds of millions of computers worldwide. In the world, there is a group of people called the "miners", they do not necessarily young, they were known as Bitcoin "miners." These people have a tremendous number of times in the Google global computing power, through their work, every ten minutes, as a heartbeat-like network, was born a block, which contains the last ten minutes of all transaction information, then the miners try to solve some problems. They compete with each other, first find out the truth and to effectively block chain miners, will be rewarded digital currency, which is about bitcoin block chain. Subsequently, the block chain is connected to the previous block, and more in front of the block, forming a series of blocks. Each block of wax like digital printing, a complete record of the entire transaction history. If you want to crack one of the computers, you need to hack hundreds of millions of computers with the highest level of cryptographic techniques, their safety than the current computer system much stronger. This is the working principle of the block chain.
Down to specific application scenarios, the nature of the block chain is very clear. Block chain "tamper-proof" feature, to provide for the sustained and healthy economic and social development "as evidence" problem solutions, to provide new ideas for achieving social credit; block chain "to trust" the characteristics guarantee system without trust between all nodes can also be traded directly, operational databases, and the entire system is open and transparent, can not deceive each other between the nodes, in order to achieve cooperation trust between a plurality of body, greatly expanding the range of human mutual cooperation ; block chain "distributed" feature, you can get through "data barrier" between departments, information and data sharing; the block chain forming a "consensus mechanism" that can solve the problem of information asymmetry, truly from the "Internet information" to change "trust Internet". Block chain to create value through the creation of the trust, which ensures that all information is digitized and shared in real time, thereby enhancing collaboration efficiency, reduce communication costs, making the current long-chain management operations, involved in many aspects of multi-party body still achieve effective cooperation.
Three era block chain development
Block chain 1.0 era of digital currency
Block chain 1.0 times actually means that the era of digital currency especially in the field of innovation. In November 2008, Satoshi (Satoshi Nakamoto) on a secret cryptographic discussion group posted a research report, outlined his vision for a new electronic money that is electronic cash system, peer to peer, for the creation of a digital agreement currency, Bitcoin this come out. Digital currency Bitcoin born and also represents the birth of the block chain technology, is also the largest bitcoin block chain technology applications in the field of digital currency, the currency encryption so that people can build trust and trade, without going through a third party . This seemingly unusual action struck a spark to ignite the world. Immediately came the innovation of including monetary payments, transactions, payment and money transfer. At this stage, mainly in the form of block chain for Token-point deal, the goal is to achieve a decentralized currency and means of payment. Compared with the traditional currency, digital currency not only have to pay as well as distribution and other functions of money, while there are lower fees, shorter transaction time-consuming, can direct remittance transactions over the Internet without third-party involvement advantage, which also drew the characteristics of public recognition of "decentralized" in.
Than holding cash is an asset that go up and down, it is a kind of currency, are not state-controlled encryption, which is the essential ingredient to block chain technology. The first time in human history people around the world based on mutual trust transactions point to point, and the establishment of the trust is not based on some large institutions, but on cooperation, cryptography and some sophisticated code, and trust is the origin of this technology, also be interpreted as "trust agreement." Bitcoin represents undoubtedly a powerful force of innovation, and this innovation will provide the global financial system and the world to bring profound changes.
2.0 era intelligent block chain contract
The core feature of this era was the introduction of "smart contract." 2013, 19-year-old Canadian Vitalik Buterin at first mentioned the idea of "ether Corner". 2014, Ethernet Square algorithms and protocols formally landed in 2015, Square Ethernet system finalized and on-line. Ethernet Square to have some free features unparalleled, one of which is the ability to develop intelligent contracts, namely self-enforcing contracts. Responsible for handling contract enforcement, management, work and payment, in a sense, the contract also has a bank account, the agreement between people. Square Ethernet as the representative of "smart contract" platform, will advance to the block chain 2.0 era.
Intelligent contract is not our common kind of paper contracts, but the contents of the contract with the computer programming language, automatically generates a computer program that can be executed. Once the agreed conditions are fulfilled, you can perform the functions of self-realization, and to achieve the computing, storage, error correction and other functions in accordance with set procedures, all activities are turned into digital information. These information into the computer, automatic determination condition, the agreed upon conditions are met, the next action performed automatically. The emergence of smart block chain technology contracts let in some commercial applications began to fall. At present, many block chain practice in the early stages of commercial use, mainly to achieve the basic block chain through smart technology contracts.
In the 2.0 era, token money should not be called, but the token "smart contract". Compared to Bitcoin, Square Ethernet distribution system is not a virtual currency, virtual currency issue is not the main business Ethernet Square, just a Square ether derivatives business, its main business is to build an open area that can be shared block chain technology platform underlying this system are open to all developers block chain of subsequent developers can develop in the etheric Square underlying technology is very easy to develop a new block chain applications.
Before Ethernet Square, the block chain due to the development difficult, resulting in a very single development of product form, the main product is digital currency. But even to issue digital currency, usually have to prepare a complete set of distributed accounting, storage, system, encryption and other functions, very difficult. But the 2.0 era block chain, including digital currency, including all use of block chain technology can quickly landing. So there Ethernet Square to promote technology block chain of larger scale applications and development.
For example, in the traditional financial services industry, you brush a convenience store at the corner of the card transaction through several companies, each one has its own computer system, which hosts some of the 1970s, after three days, a deal was born. With the financial sector block chain, there will be no trade description, because the transaction and transaction description is the same kind of behavior, it's just not the same as in the book, the world's financial industry is undergoing changes.
In the area of logistics and supply chain, Jingdong and Wal-Mart, IBM, and Tsinghua University, China set up the first block chain traceability Union food safety, and began to practice landing. Horqin beef, for example, from breeding, slaughtering to shipping, delivery and other aspects of a variety of automated equipment collected information is written to the block chain code, and ensure product procurement, all aspects of processing, inventory, sales, distribution, etc. information traceability. Technology can easily block chain from production to sale, the entire line from the digitized and recorded to the track line, and the data can not be tampered with.
In the entertainment field, recording copyright, copyright transfer records, enabling instant registration process by block chain technology, subsequent transactions will be recorded in real time work. If the work has been infringed, can also be found by the time stamp is easy.
In government service, every natural person will have a digital ID can not be tampered with, will be able to solve social behavior contrary to the law of many identity theft now, but also can greatly enhance the authentication, certification of efficiency and accuracy degree. At the same time, taking into account social issues increasingly focused on data protection, how are we able to achieve data transmission, but also to achieve the protection of personal data, or block chain technology will play a significant role.
In the field of new energy, China's energy companies are considering reconstruction "digital city" construction set of things, the Internet, networked car in one of the smart city.
Block chain value services 3.0 era
Block chain is 3.0 times the block chain technology from the lab to move out, landing in a variety of scenarios in the real economy, especially in the real economy. Should block chain and the Internet, it becomes a broader field of infrastructure, applications to the medical, industrial, cultural, health, arts, covering all aspects of human social life. The most important applications will make mankind shared prosperity throughout the world.
The block is placed in the chain of ownership of land, once the placement is complete, it will not change, you can not hack it, so that the land rights of the general public can not be taken for granted, it created the possibility for hundreds of millions of prosperity condition.
In a shared economy, such as drops, Uber, Airbnb, lyft, these companies do not really share their aggregation services to be sold. If these companies on the block chain has a distributed application, may be referred to B- by bit, B-Uber, B-Airbnb, all the services, the block chain signed an agreement to help the parties resolve the payment issue through digital payment, this is a built-in payment system, can significantly reduce intermediate costs. It also can handle reputation problem, if it is to serve a 5-star praise, the evaluation will not be changed, so vandals shared economic system will no longer exist, will greatly promote economic prosperity.
From developed to developing countries, the largest flow of funds not invested or foreign aid, but remittances, remittances scale of $ 60 billion a year, and is still continuing to increase. Under the traditional economic model, remittances longer, higher remittance costs. Such as the use of block chain applications, a remittance turn out, you simply check your phone, the screen will display a virtual teller in mobile, moments of effort, remittances arrive, almost negligible fee, which is thriving great opportunities.
Digital era's most powerful resource is data. Data is a new asset class, the man himself has created such assets, and will eventually be able to rely on technology to re-block chain back control of the asset creation, and management responsibility.
Block chain will make intellectual property from damage. Any form of creative activities such as art, inventions, scientific discoveries, news reporters, all walks of life are really not fair remuneration for the people, with the block chain, their works will be protected on the block chain system, and get equitable remuneration.
Block chain "the future is to" block chain is not just the next generation of Internet technology, is the next generation of cooperation mechanisms and forms of organization, it will give every trade, every society, every person bring a bright future.