apache configuration in detail and practice

1, the configuration file description

1.1 The main configuration file directory

vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

1.2 Configuration File Format

# directive 指令     value  值
ServerRoot   "/etc/httpd"

ServerRoot path for the root apache services, generally do not modify.

2. Detailed configuration items

2.1 ServerRoot

Service directory path, no changes are

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

2.2 Listen

Listening port

#Listen 12.34.56.78:80                                                                                                                 
Listen 80 

Configuration syntax
Listen [IP-address:]portnumber [protocol]
usage scenarios
the default listener port 80, or browser access to 127.0.0.1 localhost or server ip can get the default welcome page.
You can also listen on multiple ports simultaneously.
practice

# 1. 修改端口号
Listen 8080

# 2. Listen指令可重复出现多次
Listen 8080
Listen 80

# 注意：修改后必须重启服务才可生效
[root@localhost conf]# systemctl restart httpd.service

2.3 Include

Import Profiles
Include conf.modules.d/*.conf

2.4 IncludeOptional

And include the same features, are imported profile. The difference is when the path is ignored IncludeOptional import problems. Without error.

IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf         

2.5 User和Group

Accounts and groups of service httpd child process started, this need not be amended

User apache
Group apache

2.6 ServerAdmin

Administrator e-mail address of runtime services

ServerAdmin root@localhost

2.7 DocumentRoot

Site root directory
in this folder decentralized data

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

grammar

DocumentRoot directory-path

practice

#DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"                                                                                                          
DocumentRoot "/www"

#<Directory "/var/www/html">                                                                                 
<Directory "/www">   

2.8 Directory

Determining the location of access directory, configuration label. It is set access permissions for that directory in the tag

<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks          # 访问时的展示形式，Indexes索引展示
    AllowOverride None                                  # 设置指令是否可以在.htaccess使用
    Require all granted                                 # 允许所有人访问
</Directory>

• Options display format when access

  There is no default page under Options Indexes current directory, it displays the directory structure

  Options FollowSymLinks default settings to allow access to the symbolic link

  Options None shut down
  under normal circumstances would Indexes off, do not want others to see what files in site directory, only time will do the download site open. The default is on.
  

• AllowOverride .htaccessfile allows instruction type

  All AllowOverride All command

  AllowOverride None default value is not allowed

  AllowOverride directive-type [directive-type] ... particular instruction type

• Require access settings

  Require all granted unconditionally allow access

  Require all denied unconditionally denied access

  Require method http-method ** [** http-method] ... allow only given access HTTP methods

  Require ip 10 172.20 192.168.2 specify the ip address range of clients can access
  practice

# 1. 去掉Indexes查看效果,注意改完配置后要重启http服务
<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

# 2. 去掉FollowSymLinks
<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options None
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

# 3. 使用Require
<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options None
    AllowOverride None
    Require all denied                  # 无条件拒绝访问
</Directory>

<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options None
    AllowOverride None
    Require method POST            # 仅允许post请求
</Directory>