1. Basic concepts:
Finance: re-integration of existing resources, to realize the value and profit equivalent circulation
By financial instruments: financial assets in the financial markets may trade financial instruments can be called
Mainly include: stocks, futures, gold, foreign exchange, funds ....
Stock: The stock is a certificate issued shares of the company's investors, stock holders of the company's shareholders is
effect:
Funded proof that the identity of the shareholders to express their views on the company
Company dividends, trading profits
2. Classification of stock
A shares: RMB common stock, which is the territory of our country issued by the Company for domestic institutions, organizations or individuals (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investors) to purchase and trading of RMB ordinary shares (T + 1, 10% of Price )
B shares: RMB special stock, which is the face value of RMB marked, subscribed and traded in foreign currencies, in the territory (Shanghai, Shenzhen) stock exchange trading (T + 1, T + 3)
H shares: Hongkong, registered in the mainland, foreign shares listed in Hong Kong, T + 0, Quote change does not limit
N shares: NewYork, New York listed, T + 0, no limit of Price
S shares: Singepor, listed in Singapore,
We only listed Chinese stocks, including shares of ABH will have a limit increase, we will have T + n limitation
3. Factors affecting the stock price:
1. The company's own factors: the stock price itself is the value of the basic factors, which mainly depends on the issuing company's operating performance, credit quality and payment of dividends, the prospects, the stock level of expected returns from the joint
2. Industry factors: the change in the industry to change the status of the national economy, the position of industry prospects and development potential, due to the impact of emerging industries, as well as listed companies in the industry in which the results of operations, business conditions, the combination of funds and price leadership personnel changes will affect the underlying stock
3. Market factors: the tendency of investors, large and manipulation of intent, see the company's cooperation or cross-shareholdings, changes in credit trading and futures trading, arbitrage speculators, the company's capital increase, and the level of replenishment, etc., They are likely to form a greater impact on stock prices
4. Psychological factors: mood swings, misjudgments, blindly follow big, buy Kuangpao
5. economic factors, the economic cycle, the financial situation of the country, the financial environment, balance of payments, changes in the economic status of the industry, the state of the exchange rate adjustment
6: politics (in Chinese this is the most important factor, for example, in July this year, state leaders came to Shanghai Zhangjiang Zhangjiang Hi-Tech several ten consecutive trading board)
4. stock trading (A shares)
Commissioned by buying and selling stocks,
Individuals can not directly trading, you need to open an account at the brokerage, commissioned purchase
Stock trading day: Monday to Friday, statutory holidays and rest days Exchange
Stock trading hours:
9: 15-9: 25 time opening call auction
9: 30-11: 30 before the city for bid time
13: 00-15: 00 afternoon, the auction duration time
14: 57-15: 30 time closing auction
T + 1 trading system
Day to buy stocks for a second day before they can sell
Day money back selling stocks, malicious immediately buy new shares, but the roll-out until the next day
5. professional terms:
Long: the stock is expected to rise person, call
Short: Expected stock price fall of man, put
Bull market: also known as the bull market, it is the general rise in stock market prices
Bear market: long-term decline in the stock market, bear market, changes in the stock was up a whopping also become a bear market
Lido: to stimulate the stock rose, favorable factors for bulls and news
Bad: to promote the stock fell short of the favorable factors and news
Long hold-up: forecast stock prices will rise, but after buying all the way down
Short hold-up: forecast stock prices will fall, we will sell all shares vent, but the stock has been rising
ST shares: refers to the domestic company two years of losses, the special treatment of the stock, * ST shares refers to the domestic listed companies, stock losses for three consecutive years
6. The daily limit, limit
1. Yesterday's closing price at 0 as a reference, the provisions of A-share market ups and downs of the stock a day is 10%, the provisions of ups and downs or ST S beginning with the day the stock is 5%
2. The new issue of shares listed on the first day (in front of the stock plus N), of Price unrestricted return to normal the next day
3. After bonus distribution resumption of trading for the day without price limits
Shares resume trading after the change 4. shares resume trading day without price limits
7. Each share of time-trend
The latest: Latest price
Open: opening price that day of the opening price of the first deal
Auction: refers to each trading day 9: 15-9: 25 by the investors in accordance with their freely buy and sell orders can accept the psychological price, the host computer trading system for all effective to commission a centralized matching process, active line time in the auction
Care not traded declaration is automatically continued into the effective start of the auction at 9:30
Pricing set of transaction processing computer systems for all declared by price and time priority ordering principle, and on this basis, to identify a benchmark price, making it meet the following three conditions:
1. The maximum volume
2, buy declare higher than the benchmark price falls below the reference price and sell to declare all meet (turnover) ?????
3. The same reference price buyers and sellers have all met to declare one (turnover) ????
Close: the price at closing, the closing price of produce; the date of the last transaction for the Shanghai stock market trading volume-weighted evaluation of all transactions plus one minute before three minutes in Shenzhen
Average price: The average price of the day
Change: to yesterday's closing prices, the offer of ups and downs
Amplitude: The amplitude of the day's highest price and the lowest
The sum total of this stock's visit to Japan of total turnover, the inner disk external disk: total hand
Amount: This day the stock traded a total financial
Now hand: the current volume
Ratio: ratio is a measure of the relative volume, the formula is: = now than the total turnover of hand / (average of the last five days of trading volume per minute * day cumulative opening time (minutes))
Hands: refers to a certain time in stock market trading frequency resale, it is one of the strength of the liquidity of the stock index of response
City PCCW: dynamic price-earnings ratio, only one study period, usually 12 months, the ratio of stock price and earnings per share, commonly used by investors assess the investment value of the ratio of a stock or index in the use a comparison between different company's stock
Commission ratio: is a measure within a certain time, the strength of the buying and selling of technical indicators,
Color: green fall red rose
The outer disk: the number of hand-selling price of the transaction commission, representing the buyer power
The disk: the number of hands to entrust purchase price of the transaction, representing the power of the seller
Handicap: is the stock trading process, read the tape trading trends observed commonly known as
FIG line 8.K
K line graph intuitive, three-dimensional sense, carry a large amount of information on the characteristics, can fully reveal the strength of stock price trends in the balance of buyers and sellers force changes more accurately predict the market outlook, all types of media, real-time analysis computer system application more technical analysis tools
9. Financial Analysis by:
Fundamental analysis:
Macroeconomic Analysis: country's fiscal policy, monetary policy
industry analysis
Company analysis: financial data, performance reports, etc.
Technical analysis: the technical indicators
K line MA (moving average) Stochastic KDJ MACD (Moving Average exponential smoothing)
10. Upon the quantized into
10.1 What is quantified by the financial
By the financial quantification mainly refers to the current advanced mathematical models instead of subjective human judgment, the use of computer technology to select a variety of high probability event can bring excess returns from among the huge historical data in order to specify the policy
Mainly the following steps:
1, found a way to make money law
2, the operative steps decomposed into Law
3. Write a program that allows the machine to execute this strategy
4. The machine returns results, or that is to allow the machine to automate trading
10.2 Financial quantification can you do?
We can help you choose meet the requirements of A shares in thousands of shares among
Select the timing of closing the sale
Risk management positions
Not affected by personal emotions
10.3 Why should python for finance?
In fact, before most financial investments are based on personal experience or preference of investors to complete, but in such a way can be affected by many factors, but we will be a lot of historical data through powerful computing power
Analyze, test, and then to invest, you can use the laws of history, the probability of finding the advantage on its basis to form a good basis for investment
Quantitative investment mainly in R and python language as a tool, the early years of R language may take the absolute position, but at any time numpy, development pandas, matplotlib.scipy, sckikiy-learn python and other open source tools,
Currently has python shine in this regard, coupled with her powerful debugging capabilities and engineering capabilities, allowing tasks to be performed and demerits of our analysis can be seamless, so that maintenance becomes very convenient