The class mainly on the model of information processing - the Turing machine, such as the definition of computer science knowledge.
First, the Turing machine main components:
(1) an infinitely long tape TAPE
(2) a head HEAD
(3) a controller (including a set of rules and a set of control status register)
as the picture shows
Wherein the format of the rules of the controller (current state, current symbol, the new symbol, the head moves, the next state). Note that, although the Turing machine looks like a physical model, but because it is conceived of infinite tape, so can not really achieve. However, in theory, Turing machine can simulate all the calculations of modern computers, is almost a mathematical model of the modern computer, it is an abstract computational model, play an irreplaceable role in the computer.
Followed by our definition of computer science, computer science with the development of the times, it is certain that it is a discipline. The basic idea of computer science ranging from theoretical research, engineering design model to abstract three aspects.
1. The fundamental theory of mathematics
2. Abstraction is fundamental natural sciences
3. Design is the fundamental engineering
As can be seen form three disciplines of computer science: theory, abstraction and design. These three aspects of the varied and contact each other, together form this new discipline of computer science.
In actual computer we use substantially all the Von Neumann architecture, shown in FIG.
She can be seen from the figure consists of several components: controller, the arithmetic unit, memory, input and output devices is provided. The core idea is the binary number system of the computer, the computer should be performed in program order, step by step in order to process the data, until the final result.
After that, we have to understand the composition of the computer. Personal computer and hardware subsystems into the external host device, the specific point is the CPU, motherboard, memory, hard drive, video card, display, mouse, keyboard, CD-ROM and the like.
Wherein the main central processing (Central Processing Unit), referred to as the CPU, it is the computational core and control core of a computer, information processing, the final execution unit running.
A memory for storing programs and corresponding data to be executed. , No memory, the program can not be entered into the computer, and thus can not be performed, the importance of memory is self-evident.
External memory (also called secondary memory) is a memory other than the cache memory and CPU of a computer. Life, often referred to a hard disk, U disk, external memory and the like belong.
The input device is input to the computer programs, data and pictures and other data, commonly used with a mouse, keyboard, touch screen and so on.
The information output apparatus is output to the computer processing, commonly used with a display, a printer and the like.
Further, the workstation is a personal computing environment and is based on a distributed network computing environment, its performance higher than a class of multi-function computer microcomputer.
Computer Architecture is an external characteristics of the machine language programmer or compiler writers computers see. The so-called external characteristics, that is, the conceptual structure and functional properties of the computer, the basic principle of its main computer system, as well as the policy trade-offs in hardware, software interface division, establish a complete, whole concept of computer hardware and software systems.
The computer system composed of a computer logic implementation mechanism. The computer is the physical realization of computer components to achieve. Computer composition program, a word that is now complete logic design into a real computer.
To make it clear that the computer architecture, computer components and computer-implemented are three different concepts, each distinct but closely linked.
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