1. Configure Remote Link network environment
a network card address configuration information (LAN IP address / subnet mask / gateway information)
B virtual network configuration information (virtual host needs NIC setting / Virtual Network Editor setting)
network mode selection:
the NAT mode:
features: virtual host can access the Internet
virtual NIC vmnet8 ---> local host LAN -> Internet
local host: 192.168.21.201 --- identity father (the host)
to each virtual host adapters, set its own IP network address children (minors)
10.0.0.200 --- account number information
advantages: Web Hosting NIC address is not prone to conflict
Cons: virtual host is not easy to access by other physical host
bridge mode:
features: virtual host can access the Internet
virtual NIC vmnet8 - -> local host LAN -> Internet
local host: 192.168.21.201 --- identity father (the host)
is set as a child of the network IP address for each virtual host NIC (adult)
192.168.21.202 --- ID
advantages: Web Hosting easy access to a host of other physical
disadvantages: Web Hosting NIC address prone to conflict
teacher machine: 192. 168.21.201 student computers: 192.168.21.101
VM: 192.168.21.200 virtual machine: 192.168.21.200 conflict
only host mode: LAN hosts can only access / can not access the Internet
2. The remote connection to the host
1) to install the remote connection software xshell 5 (xshell 6 multi-only group 3 session label)
2) remote software configuration process
3) establish a remote connection process
3. remote connection troubleshooting ideas
1) confirm the link remote connection is smooth
2) verify that the remote link network has to stop
3) to confirm whether the remote host service open
4 virtualization software tips
1. daily use virtual host can be multi-pending operations
2. taskbar icon inside virtualization software virtual host batch operation
3. avoid their own operational errors can create serious problems fast
4. Delete the virtual host selected settings to delete data from the disk
Operating systems management basics
directory structure 1. system: everything from the root
absolute path to find the data: from the root to find data
features: better precision
C: \ oldboy01 \ oldboy02 \ oldboy03 \ oldboy.txt
C: \ Oldboy \ oldboy01 \ oldboy02 \ oldboy03 \ oldboy04 \ oldboy.txt
using relative path lookup data: Find data information from the current path
characteristics: easy to find better data
oldboy03 / oldboy.txt
C: \ Oldboy \ oldboy01 \ oldboy02 \ oldboy03 \ oldboy04 \ return to a layer not see olddog.txt
2. control system command prompt
effects: prompt management personnel can enter the command
[root @ oldboyedu ~] #
01 02 03
: the three-part
01. Log on to the user information system
02 the host name information system
03. display directory information currently resides
3. the command syntax of
the command parameter space space data information (path / file)
RM -f oldboy.txt
The conditions of marriage (rich / have a room) white Formica
conditions of marriage (money / no room) woman on the line
1. System data backup copy ==> cp copy command
syntax: cp parameters of the source files (requires the backup file) object files (files after backup)
backup file information
cp / etc / hosts / etc / hosts.bak
cp / etc / hosts / opt /
added: overwrite the file problem
with normal replication will be prompted to overwrite the file:
[root @ oldboyedu ~] # cp / etc / hosts / opt /
cp: Overwrite '/ opt / hosts' ? the y-
[root @ oldboyedu ~] # CAT / opt / hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
:: 1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
Oldboy
how to mandatory coverage:
method one: \ cp oldboy01.txt / opt / --- ignore the message coverage
Method Two: / usr / bin / cp oldboy01.txt / opt / --- ignore the message coverage
CP -R & lt / Oldboy / / tmp /
2. Operation information of the mobile data system (shear) move ==> mv
syntax: mv source parameter file (the file to be moved) the target path (moving path what)
move files information:
mv oldboy01.txt / tmp /
mobile directory information
mv / oldboy / / tmp /
mv Oldboy / oldgirl /
3. System Data Delete command remove == rm
to delete the file information
rm -f /oldboy/oldboy01.txt
delete the directory information
RM -rf / Oldboy /
-r recursively delete directory data
-f forced to delete the directory data (do not have a confirmation prompt)
to delete the root operation:
RM -rf --no-preserve-root /
RM -rf / *
ctrl + A --- quickly move the cursor to the beginning
ctrl + E --- quickly move the cursor to the end of the line
ctrl + ← → --- cursor quickly move around in accordance with the word string
ctrl + W --- delete (cut) a continuous string of information (not separated by spaces)
Ctrl + Y --- paste cut information
ctrl + u --- deleted (shear) all strings of the cursor position from the left information
+ k --- deleted (shear) string information of all right cursor position Ctrl
Ctrl + INSERT --- review the content selected by the cursor
shift + insert --- paste the copied content
on esc +. --- retrieval Finally, a command parameter information
vi command three modes:
· 01 Command mode: first open the file for editing mode
· 02 Edit mode: you can modify the file information direct command mode - i - Edit mode
Edit mode - esc - command mode
· 03 line mode: enter vi edit instruction information, perform different functions command mode -: - line mode
! wq qq line mode - esc - command mode
vi command tips:
fast moving cursor skills
G / shift + g --- Move the cursor to quickly switch to the last line
gg --- Move the cursor quickly switch to the file of the line
10gg --- will move the cursor to a specific line
$ --- Move the cursor to quickly switch to a line end of the line
0 / ^ --- cursor quickly switch to the first row to
fast moving into edit mode and the cursor:
O --- cursor starting a new line below the current line, and enter the edit mode
O --- a a new line in the current cursor line above, and enter the edit mode
I --- current cursor position directly enter the edit mode
line I --- move the cursor to the first row, and enter the edit state
A --- move the cursor to the line end of the line, and enter the edit state
A --- in the current cursor position one character to enter edit mode
C --- all content to the right of the cursor position empty, and enter the edit mode
cc --- whole line will be empty, and into edit mode
· Quick edit file content information
YY --- copy contents information designated
NYY multiple lines --- copy
information P --- paste the copied or cut
3P --- content copied or cut and paste 3 times
dd --- removed (cut) line of information specified
NDD --- deleted (shear) specify multiple information
everything after dG --- delete the line where the cursor (shear)
R & lt --- replace the specified character position information of the cursor
R & lt --- into replace mode, you can replace multiple characters information
· bottom line function instruction
: set nu --- display file line number information
: set nonu --- cancel the display line number information file
: s / oldboy / oldgirl / --- cursor location information of a replacement
:% s / oldboy / oldgirl / --- replace all the contents of the specified file
: 7,12s / oldboy / oldgirl / --- replace the specified lines of information make modifications
: 6, $ s / oldboy / oldgirl / --- last line specifies the contents of the specified line to replace
: 6 , $ s / oldboy / oldgirl / g --- match the row retrieved all the information to do the replacement
: 6, $ s / oldboy / oldgirl / --- the first row to retrieve information matching to make replacement
PS: when using the alternative instruction, divided symbols may be used /// ### @@@
information / --- search filter retrieval designation information file
n represents a matching information retrieval
N represents a return to the match information
/ search information \ c --- retrieve information in the file to ignore case
-specific operating skills
u - undo --- vi edit undo
Edit Undo cancel redo --- vi - ctrl + r
linux mount system concepts: a storage device mounted to a door (mount point) will typically be an empty directory as a mount point
all hardware devices represented by file
drive equipment: / dev / cdrom
disk device:
/ dev / sda first disk / dev / sda1 / dev / sda2
/ dev / SDB second disk
first step: identifying confirm the drive device has
a second step: Check whether there is a mounted directory
[oldboyedu the root @ ~] LS # -d / mnt
/ mnt
third steps of: hanging load operation of the storage device + door to build relationships
#mount storage hardware devices (CD-ROM file information) mount point (directory information)
Mount / dev / cdrom / mnt
bin --- store command files (binaries) directory
sbin --- super user can use the command stored in the directory
etc --- storage system or service program profile information
home --- save user data home directory slum ordinary user's home directory
root --- user data stored in the home directory Palace super administrator root user's home directory
mnt --- temporary mount point directory
opt --- third-party storage software program to generate data
usr / local
data proc --- directory are stored in the memory process information and kernel file information storage
selinux selinux --- save the configuration file information and system security procedures
tmp --- temporarily store data directory / Recycle Bin
var - - save the file (log file) data often change
/ etc /
1) network card configuration file
configuration file path: / etc / sysconfig / network- scripts / ifcfg-eth0
configuration file information notes:
· defined using the TYPE = --- Ethernet network types
· BOOTPROTO = none --- whether to automatically obtain an IP address
none / static: do not let the IP address changes * business environment
dhcp: dynamic IP address
· nAME = eth0 --- set the card name information
· the DEVICE = eth0
· UUID = f3a6f219-0d68 b673-3b9205d05afb--4e9b
--- hardware identification number information
· ONBOOT = yes --- the system will activate the card to boot
· IPADDR = 10.0.0.200 --- configure the IP address information
· PREFIX = 24 --- subnet mask information to determine a number of LAN hosts can configure an IP address
· GATEWAY = 10.0.0.254 --- gateway configuration information that allows hosts to access external networks
· DNS1 = 223.5.5.5 - - access domain name -> ip address information,
visit the Web site domain name, you can also show whether the communication
configuration file changes to restart the service:
restart a service mode card: centos7
systemctl Network will restart all network card restart
to restart the service card Second way: centos7 centos6
/ etc / init.d / network restart will restart all network cards are
restarted card services three ways: only the specified network card restart
ifdown (interface down) eth0 --- stop eth0 network card
ifup (interface up) eth0 --- start eth0 NIC
ifdown eth0 && ifup eth0 --- restart specify eth0 NIC
2) address resolution service profile
configuration file path: /etc/resolv.conf
Profile Information Description:
nameserver 223.5.5.5
added: common DNS server
223.5.5.5/223.6.6.6 Ali cloud * DNS
114.114.114.114 carriers DNS
8.8.8.8 Google's DNS
Network Service Restart
card information will override DNS / sync to resolv .conf file
PS: file configuration information, the configuration changes will take effect immediately
3) host name of the configuration file
server system host name nomenclature:
address name - the name of the room - the room cabinet
BJ -PBS -2012A
SJZ
centos7: / etc / hostname
centos6: / etc / sysconfig / Network
vi / etc / hostname
ZNB oldboy66-
temporary adjustment: Let configuration to take effect immediately (reconnection)
hostname oldboy66-ZNB
centos7 That may temporarily modify a permanent change
hostnamectl the SET-hostname oldboyedu.com
4) Local parsing the configuration file to the host name and IP address relationship
configure file path: / etc / hosts
the configuration file path: / etc / fstab
profile NOTE:
the UUID = 97630c81-c2f8-4735-9fe0-4d86e9aee1cd / XFS 0 0 Defaults
the UUID = 77c7cc12-e079-42f4-8462-2d76563eb7e5 / XFS the Boot Defaults 0 0
UUID = ec4226e8-169c-4856-b114-30d19c21d82c swap swap Defaults 0 0
01 02
01. UUID: hardware identification information == information storage file
/ dev / sda1: UUID = " 77c7cc12-e079-42f4- 8462-2d76563eb7e5 "
/ dev / sda2: the UUID =" ec4226e8-169c-4856-b114-30d19c21d82c "
/ dev / sda3: the UUID =" 97630c81-c2f8-4735-9fe0-4d86e9aee1cd "
configuration file path: /etc/rc.local (permission to execute)
profile information Description:
Profile How to take effect:
chmod + the X-/etc/rc.d/rc.local - - add execute permissions to the profile
extended: the script system (special) make complex / duplication -> simple and efficient
1) how to script: command
2) run the script file: sh / path / script modify the script file permissions to execute permissions - / path / script
demands: on each new server
01. create three directories / Oldboy / oldboy01 / oldgirl / oldgirl01 / olddog / olddog01
02. three files are created /oldboy/oldboy01/oldboy.txt / oldgirl / oldgirl01 / oldgirl.txt /olddog/olddog01/olddog.txt
03. modify the host name oldboy66 both temporary and permanent modifications
7) system variable or the environment variable configuration file
configuration file path: / etc / profile --- configuration variables / environment variables / alias configuration information ???
profile information Description:
Method 1:
vi / etc / profile
The last line: export PATH = $ PATH: / tmp
Second way:
echo the PATH = $ Export the PATH: / tmp >> / etc / Profile
PS: In an enterprise environment, add information to a configuration file, using the echo add information must be used >> additional information on
the configuration file to take effect:
one way: connect to the server to reproduce
way: use command immediately loaded environment variable configuration file
source / etc / profile
What is variable: the variables used in the script file, modify the script content and flexible
set variables: format: variable name = variable + the y-value = 10 the X-the X-5 the y-= =?
name = Oldboy
call variable: echo $ name
script configuration:
[root @ oldboy66 ~] # CAT test.sh
name = olddog
echo $ name 01
echo $ 02 name
echo $ name 03
What is the environment variables:
1) set a good model system variable
2) system variable names are uppercase letters
How to modify environment variables: PATH
temporarily modify:
Export the PATH = $ the PATH: / tmp
permanent changes:
modify the configuration file: / etc / profile
execution command principle process:
1) Run
2) loading system environment variables $ PATH -> / usr / local / sbin: / usr / local / bin: / usr / sbin: / usr / bin: / root / bin
3) into the environment variable specifies the directory
/ usr / local / sbin
/ usr / local / bin
/ usr / sbin
/ usr / bin
/ the root / bin
/ tmp
. 4) specified environment directory corresponding command file -> Run operation